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Volume 90, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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SATORU NISHIYAMA1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 159-167
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn tympanoplasty, the formation of a so-called retraction pocket is still a serious problem. In order to prevent the retraction pocket, it is desirable to preserve the posterior wall of the external auditory meatus at surgery. However, it often becomes necessary to remove the posterior wall with the bony bridge for performing radical excision of the lesion. In this procedure, it should be necessary to reconstruct the posterior wall using a material which is compatible with human tissues. An investigation was performed on the hydroxylapatite ceramic implant as a reconstruction material for the posterior bony wall. Subjects were 36 ears of otitis media with cholesteatoma and 16 ears without cholesteatoma, and a follow-up study was made for periods of 6 to 37.8 months after operation.
The results showed that the retraction pocket was formed in four cases and the cholesteatoma recurred in only two cases. In 13 cases, the apatite plate was exposed due to a failure of covering by fascia, but it was finally covered with extending epithelium in 5 cases without any serious problem, and the other cases tended to be covered by the soft tissue. The incidence of the retraction pocket formation was much lower in cases with hydroxylapatite than in cases using other reconstructive materials, and there was no case in which the apatite was rejected. These indicate that the apatite ceramic is quite stable within the living tissues, and has a high biocompatibility. Thus, it is concluded that the hydroxylapatite plate is an excellent artificial material for the reconstruction of bony canal.View full abstractDownload PDF (2576K) -
TSUTOMU IKAWA, YUKOO KITAO, MASAO EURA, TATSUHIKO MAEHARA, KEISUKE MAS ...1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 168-176
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSjögren's syndrome is characterized by lymphoid cell infiltration of exocrine glands, hypergammaglobulinemia and presense of autoantibodies. In Sjögren's syndrome, there is a broad spectrum of lymphoproliferation, from benign disease, through non-malignant extraglandular lymphoproliferation (Pseudolymphoma), to malignant disease, either macroglobulinemia or lymphomas. Cellmediated immune responses may be also depressed in Sjogren's syndrome. In the present study, two cases of intraglandular benign lymphoproliferative disorders developing in patinets with Sjögren's syndrome are reported. Pathological and immunological investigations are performed by using lymphocytes infiltrating into the parotid gland (PGL). In addition, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with Sjögren's syndrome were examined for their capacity to product of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to proliferate in the course of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR).
Pathologically, there is a periductal mononuclear cell infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The acinar tissue is almost replaced by marked lymphocytic infiltrate and gerninal follicle formation is also observed. So-called"epimyoepithelial islands"arising from ductal proliferation are scattered throughout the tissue.
PGL are characterized with monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate (i) a predominance of B cells (>75%) reactive with OKIal, (ii) the ratio of OKT 4+(helper/inducer) T cells to OKT 8+(suppressor/killer) T cells is predominant (4.7) compared with PBL (2.9). PGL are also examined using membrane and direct immunofluorescence with goat anti-human IgG antiserum. IgG bearing lymphocytes have the majority in B cells.
IL-2 production by PBL after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was markedly (p<0.01) diminished in patients with Sjögren's syndrome compared with healty controls. The AMLR was decreased in 4 of 6 patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Patients with Sjoögren's syndrome and associated disease had lower responses than patients with Sjögren's syndrome alone. The AMLR is thought to represent a self recognition that might be important in regulating the cellular interactions and essential for maintaining normal immune homeostasis. Deficient AMLR and failure to produce IL-2 may take part in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome.View full abstractDownload PDF (2464K) -
YOSHIHARU IGARASHI1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 177-185
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfferent synaptogenesis and development of sensory cells in crista and macula of 4 human fetuses (from 19 week 3 day to 23 week 3 day old) were observed under a transmission electron microscope.
The well-developed type II sensory cells with various number of afferent synaptic terminals were observed in crista & macula of all fetuses. As for type I cells, under-developed type I cells were distributed among many well-developed ones in each receptor region. The word, "underdeveloped"type I cells used in this investigation, meant the sensory cells with large, flat afferent nerve terminals wrapping most part of their cell membranes but not completely surrounding whole the cell bodies below the neck portion yet. The ratio in the number of under-developed to well-developed type I cells decreased in the advanced age (23 week 3 day old) in which multi-layered myelination of nerve fibers was also widely distributed under the basement membrane of receptor
region.View full abstractDownload PDF (3290K) -
MITSURU FURUKAWA, JUNICHI IWAWAKI, TAKAYO OMURA, RYOZO UMEDA1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 186-190
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the chemopreventive action of retinoid in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the effect of retinoid (polyprenoic acid derivative, E-5166) on expression of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) was examined in vitro. Epithelial hybrid cells (A2L/AH) derived from human nasopharynx were used as a model of NPC. The cells induced by n-butyric acid to EBV-EA synthesis were treated simultaneously with various concentrations of retinoid, and then we investigated the inhibitory effect of retinoid on EBV-EA induction by n-butyric acid. The percentage of EBV-EA positive cells was about 40% in those treated with n-butyric acid (4mM/ml), whereas that in the treated cells with n-butyric acid plus retinoid (E-5166, 5-10μg/ml) was 8.1 and 7.5% respectively. Similarly, the percentage of EBV-EA positive cells treated with n-butyric acid plus retinoid (5μg/ml) and human interferon (HuINF-β, 1000IU/ml) was 8.7%. There was no effect of HuINF-β to synthesize the inhibitory action of retinoid on EBV-EA induction by n-butyric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K) -
PIG: THE SECOND REPORT, CALCIUM CHANGEKATSUHISA IKEDA, JUN KUSAKARI, TOSHIMITSU KOBAYASHI, TOMONORI TAKASAKA1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 191-195
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the lowered Ca2+ concentration in perilymph on N1 and CM was investigated in 11 guinea pigs. The scala tympani was perfused with an artificial perilymph containing various concentrations of Ca2+ and this concentration was monitored by ion-selective microelectrodes during the experiment.
With the decrease of Ca2+ concentration in perilymph, the elevation of the threshold, the decrease of the amplitude and the prolongation of the latency were significantly recognized in N1. After the standstill of a perfusion with a low-Ca2+ solution, the N1 response gradually recovered toward the initial value. In spite of the significant effect on N1, the perfusion with a low-Ca2+solution had a little effect on CM.
The N1 changes are considered to be caused by the inhibition of transduction and the disturbance of the afferent synaptic transmission due to the inhibition of Ca2+ influx to hair cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
CHIZUKO KAMORI, NOBUO SOH1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 196-201
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelation between nasal mucosal congestion and reactivity in each nasal cavity was studied in 80 patients with nasal allergy.
Reactivity was indicated as frequency of sneezing after nasal provocation test with allergen and congestion was thougt to indicate the condition of autonomic nerve in the nasal mucosa. Difference of the number of sneezing in each nasal cavity was not seen as to the stimulated side or the order in the presentation of challenge, but related closely with the condition of mucosal congestion of the nasal cavity, i. e., more congestion, more sneezing.
Provocation test was performed twice, and 36 out of 80 patients showed the change of more congested side, and this attributed to the presence of nasal cycle.
The results suggest that change of in the autonomic nerve condition in the nasal cavity affects the reactivity of the nasal mucosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
JIRO TAKASE1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 202-210
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study represents my attempt to investigate the feasibility of estimating pure tone hearing threshold from the latency and threshold of wave V of ABR to one-wave stimulation with 3KHz sine wave. The followings are results and conclusions obtained from this study.
1) In inner ear deafness, the ABR to clicks reflects responses from the limited area with a relatively high frequency range. In this group of subjects, there was noted some degree of correlation between mean hearing threshold at 1KHz-4KHz and the latency and threshold of wave V. It seemed possible to obtain a rough estimate of hearing acuity by using these parameters as indices.
2) In assessing the feasibility of this test in the newborn and infant, it is necessary to take their development of the nervous system into account. Newborns and infants in the present study were divided into less than 1 year and 1-4 years group, and made the corrected value respectively.
ABRs to so-called frequency-specific stimuli such as tone pips or tone bursts are usually poor in eliciterbility and, moreover, not always consistent with pure tone audiograms. It seems rather more practical, therefore, to roughly estimate hearing by the ABR using click stumuli. The test under investigation was thus concluded to be better suited to screening for hearing loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (611K) -
LOW Cl ACTIVITY AND THE ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS THROUGH THE ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYTAKATOSHI HANAJIMA, TOMONORI TAKASAKA1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 211-220
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplement components in middle ear effusion (MEE) were assayed to determine whether the complement system was activated or not in the middle ear of the patients with otitis media with effusion. Complement activities were assayed in 53 specimens from MEEs and 43 from patients' sera. Complenent activities of patients' sera were not differred from normal human serum (NHS). CH 50 and C3 activity of MEE were slightly lower than the sera. Cl activity of MEE was remarkably lower than the sera. C4 activity of MEE was slightly lower in mucous MEE in child patients, but in other MEEs it was almost the same as their sera. It was found that Cl activity of MEE was low because of the reduced amounts of Clr and Cls in MEE and because of the Cl inhibitory substances in MEE. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the conversion of factor B and splitting of C3 in MEE with 0.01 M EDTA. C5a in MEE (0.01 M EDTA) was found higher than inpatients' plasma and mucous MEE contained more C5a than serous ones. These findings suggest that the activation of complement system in MEE actually occurred, and might not be mainly through the classicl pathway but in a large part through the alternative pathway.View full abstractDownload PDF (1924K) -
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEFT AND RIGHT VESTIBULAR NUCLEUSISAO MORI1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 221-229
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo know the excitability of the bilateral vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum for unidirectional acceleration, the autoradiographic study with [14C] 2-deoxy-D-glucose was performed for 3 control guinea pigs and 6 guinea pigs stimulated by clockweise constant acceleration of 1° or 2°/sec2.
In this experiment, the following results were obtained
1) The impuls from the horizontal semicircular canals produced the change of glucose uptake in the superior and medial vestibular naclei.
Glucose uptake of the right side(the ampullopetal flow side) was increased as compared with control subjects, and that of the opposit side (the ampullofugal flow side) was decreased.
Therefore, it was concluded that the excitability in the vestibular nucleus of the ampullopetal flow side was higher than one of the ampullofugal flow side and the valibility of Ewald's law was noticed in not only the horizontal semicircular canals but also a level of the vestibular nuclei.
2) Although slight elevation of glucose uptake in the cerebellar nodulus of the ampullofugal flow side was observed by the rotatostimulation, this change was not significant at P<0-01.
All cerebellar nuclei, especially in the fastigeal nucleus, showed a decrease of glucose uptake in the both sides by the rotational stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2418K) -
SHINICHI USAMI1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 230-239
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty nine guinea pigs were used to investigate the effect of rotatory stimulation on the lateral crista ampullaris.
After repeating the turning stimuli of cupulometric mode (maximum turning velocity: 450°/sec) for 48 hours, the functional and morphological changes of the crista ampullaris were investigated.
Regarding the vestibular function, decrease in caloric response of ampullopetal side was more remarkable than that of ampullofugal side.
The degenerative changes of sensory epithelium were observed initially in the top of the crista ampullaris by the morphological examination.
Degeneration of mitochondria and the extension of endoplasmic reticulum were seen especially in supra-nuclear area.
In a more advaned state of degeneration, the cytoplasm filled with vacuoles were observed.
These degeneration were conspicuous in the type I cells than the type II cells.
And, these findings in the crista ampullaris were more remarkable on the ampullopetal side than on the ampullofugal side.View full abstractDownload PDF (3894K) -
KEI OGAWA1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 240-257
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe comparative ultrastructural studies of taste buds were made scanning electron microscopically in 15 different kinds of the vertebrtates, such as fish, frog, newt, lizard, snake, chicken, macaw, mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, monkey and human.
There were no remarkable differences in the shapes and sizes of the taste pores on the surface ultrastructure of the taste buds among classes and species of such animals, but in the taste buds in frog, lizard and bird, there were some morphological characteristics in the distribution sites in the oropharynx. On the basis of the surface morphological features, these taste buds could be classified into five different types; type I named crater-like type, II buried type, III exposed type, IV disc type and V specific type. Most of the taste buds in these cases seemed to belong to type I or II groups.
The relationships between the ultrastructural characteristics of taste buds and their physiological roles were discussed briefly from a viewpoint of evolution of taste sensation in the vertebrates.View full abstractDownload PDF (6831K) -
KEI OGAWA1987 Volume 90 Issue 2 Pages 258-265
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFreeze-cracked taste buds from rabbit foliate papillaes were studied using both the secondary electron (SE) image and the back-scattered electron (BSE) image. Zinc-Iodide-Osmium (ZIO) and Ruthenium red (RR) staining were used for SEM observation of the BSE image.
With the SE image, the three-dimensional architecture of taste buds was relatively easy to visualize. However, individual cells could not be identified clearly. Basal cells were recognized easily from their position in the taste bud. The dense substance (DS) in the taste pore and the dark granules (DG) of the type I taste cell could be seen in the SE image. However, it was found that the BSE image produced by the ZIO method provided a strong contrast for both DS and DG that was superior to that of the conventional technique. Also a distinct BSE image could be obtained from the Golgi vesicles and DG near the Golgi apparatus at the perinuclear area in only the type I cell. It is of interest that DS and DG exhibit the same strong BSE image. It could be strongly suggested that the DG originated from the Golgi apparatus. RR, Which has an affinity for acid glycoconjugate, strongly stained the substance present along the membrane of cytoplasmic processes and some of the pore vesicles but DS and DG were only faintly stained or not at all in the BSE image. This implies that DS and DG contains only a small amount of polysaccharides.
It appears then, that utilizing the BSE image in conjunction with the SE image is very useful in determinating the three-dimensional localization of histocytochemical components in taste buds.View full abstractDownload PDF (3883K)
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