日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
92 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 蝸牛外刺激と蝸牛内刺激との比較
    初鹿 信一, 舩坂 宗太郎
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1005-1011
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigated the possibility of using electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) for predicting surviving spiral ganglion cell populations.
    EABR recordings were made from six kanamycin induced deaf cats by the round window monopolar stimulation (RW) and the scala tympani bipolar stimulation (ST). On completing the electrical stimulation, each animal was sacrificed and prepared for histological examination. The spiral ganglion cell populations were estimated by classifing them into four groups (0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, 75-100%) as a percentage of survival cells under magnification.
    EABR thresholds and input-output function of amplitude were compared with microscopic findings of surviving spiral ganglion cell populations.
    The results were as follows ;
    1) The rate of amplitude growth in response to increased stimulus intensity of electrically evoked potentials from ST was gradual, but that of RW was steep.
    2) The vestibular potentials were elicited by RW, and at a lower stimulus intensity the RW waveform began to become distorted by the myogenic potentials.
    3) EABR threshold was a poor predictor of surviving spiral ganglion cell populations.
    4) There was a correlation between surviving spiral ganglion cell populations and the slope of the input-output functions of ST EABR. However, there was no correlation between that of RW EABR and the slope.
  • 臨床的観察
    矢部 利江, 阿部 雅子, 澤島 政行
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1012-1020
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The incidences of otitis media with effusion (OME), otoscopic findings of the ear drum, hearing acuity and tympanometric findings were evaluated in 56 cases of cleft palate (CP), 33 cases of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and 25 cases of congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency without cleft (CVPI).
    In all the cases, the incidences of OME, the pathological findings in otoscopy and the hearing test were far poorer in the group 8 years old and up than in the younger group.
    In the younger age group, the incidence of OME was 69% among the CP group, 62% in the SMCP group and showed significantly less incidence in the CVPI group (28%). The incidence of pathological findings in the ear drum was significantly less in the CVPI group than in either the CP group or the SMCP group. Hearing impairment was more frequent in the CP group than in both the SMPC and CVPI groups, while fewer incidences of abnormal tympanogram were found in the CVPI group than in the other two groups.
    Nearly 14% of the younger CP group developed pathological findings after surgery for velo-pharyngeal improvement. Most cases were found after push back operations, but rare after pharyngeal flap operations.
  • 高木 摂夫, 間口 四郎, 都香 智子, 吉村 理, 福田 諭
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1021-1025
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although the arylsulfatase B has been reported to inactivate slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) in vitro there has not been studied about the relation between this enzyme and nasal allergy in vivo. The present study was done to examine the serum level of arylsulfatase B in 73 nasal allergy patients and 13 normal controls.
    Serum arylsulfatase activity was quantified by measurement of the hydrolysis product (p-nitrocatechol) generated by the interaction of this enzyme and a substrate (p-nitrocatechol sulfate, Sigma).
    The results are summarised as follows ; 1. Arylsulfatase B activity is significantly elevated in sera of nasal allergy patients than in that of normal subjects. 2. There are no correlation between the enzyme activity and the number of peripheral blood eosinophiles. 3. There is tendency the severe the nasal obstruction, the lower the level of the enzyme activity.
  • 藤原 康雄
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1026-1035
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the experimental animals, the author succeeded in establishing the pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the facial nerve. KOS strain of HSV type 1 was inoculated to the tongue or the auricle of the balb/c mouse previously treated by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophos- phamide. Between 4 and 12 days after the inoculation, the facial nerves were resected and submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Inflammatory changes were mainly observed in the geniculate ganglion and its proximal portion of the facial nerve irrespective of the site of the inoculation. In the same sites, HSV antigens were proved. The viral geniculate ganglionitis was induced in 21. 4% of the animals inoculated to the tongue, 30. 0% of those to the unilateral auricle, and 37. 5% of those to the bilateral auricles respectively. This experiment demonstrated that HSV inoculated in the site innervated by sensory component of the facial nerve could affect the geniculate ganglion and its neighboring portion. These results presented a substantial support of the viral hypothesis in the etiology of Bell's palsy.
  • 小林 俊光, 志賀 伸之, 佐竹 充章, 鈴木 秀明, 池田 勝久, 高坂 知節
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1036-1041
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Five cases of bilateral simultaneous sudden deafness were reported. Two patients were male and three patients were female. The age of the patients ranged from five to 54 years. All the five cases were profoundly deaf on both sides. The elevation of the mumps virus antibody titer was found in the three cases out of four in those examined.
    The recovery pattern of hearing was seen symmetrically on both sides in four cases. Although complete recovery of hearing was obtained in one case and remarkable improvement was observed in two cases bilaterally, no improvement was seen in one case on either side. The last case showed remarkable improvement of hearing on one side with only a slight recovery on the other. Although the prognosis of the five cases of bilateral simultaneous sudden deafness was found comparable to that of the unilateral case by other investigators, the recovery was slower and the prognosis was less favorable in cases with the elevation of mumps antibody titer.
  • 暁 清文, 佐藤 英光, 竹田 一彦, 柳原 尚明
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1042-1048
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Single channel cochlear implant of 3M/House design was implanted to the three patients with profound hearing loss. Before the implantation, use of hearing aid had not afforded serviceable hearing enough for speech recognition in these patients. Postoperative courses were uneventful. Speech rehabilitation was started at 3 weeks after the surgery. The speech tracking scores with the cochlear implant plus lipreading achieved 20-25 bunsetues (the minimum meaningful unit of the Japanese sentence) per minite at three or four months after the operation. All the patients could recognize speech of daily life with help of lipreading. However, speech recognition by the cochlear implant alone was not satisfactory.
  • 特に年齢変化について
    原田 宏一
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1049-1064
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the age-related histopathological changes of human palatine tonsil. As for specimens of total 118 tonsils, 52 palatine tonsils obtained at autopsy and 66 palatine tonsils obtained by tonsillectomy from patients with the diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis were used. Of these specimens, 71 were from male and 47 were from female, and the age ranged from 6 months to 89 years. The palatine tonsil was routinely sectioned longitudinal at its median, toward the tonsil hilus. 4μm thick sections were prepared and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and according to the elastica-van Gieson staining method. The I-BAS one picture analyzer of ZEISS Co. was used to determine the areas covered with the parenchymal (lymphatic tissue) and extraparenchymal tissue (crypt, fibrous connective tissue and fatty generation) of the palatine tonsil. The results obtained are as follows ;
    1) The ratio of the parenchymal area to the total area of tonsils, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, decreased with age.
    2) The average area of lymphoid follicles, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsil- lectomy, decreased with age.
    3) The number of lymphoid follicles per unit area, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, did not show any correlation with age. However, the number remarkably decreased in patients with the age of above 70.
    4) The lymphocyte infiltration number per unit area of crypt epithelium, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, decreased with age.
    5) The ratio of crypt area to the total area, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, did not show any correlation with age. However, increasing tendency with age was seen.
    6) The ratio of fibrous connective tissue area to the total area for, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, increased with age.
    7) Collagen fibers and elastic fibers, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, showed the tendency to proliferate with age.
    8) Fatty degeneration was shown to begin in specimens of about 25 years old in age, and subsequently, was seen in most of specimens of above 35 years in age.
    Fatty degeneration tends to increase with age.
    The above results indicate that the parenchymal and extraparenchymal tissues of the palatine tonsil undergo both quantitative and qualitative changes with age.
  • 福田 正弘, 飯沼 壽孝
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1065-1069
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    A set of coronal CT images obtained by 118 sides (109 cases) of post-operative cysts of maxilla, seen from 1982 to 1988, was analyzed as to the orbital wall affections. Coronal images were grouped into five consecutive planes, i.e. the first plane being the one which is 5mm posterior to the nasion, and the other planes in successive orders each being 5mm apart. The orbital walls were classified into inferior, medial, and transition of these two. The orbital wall affections were classified into dehiscence, thinned-out (less than 1mm), and normal. The orbital signs and symptoms (epiphora, pain, asthenopia, visual loss, diplopia, and exophthalmos) were analyzed based upon the questionnaires by patients.
    The inferior wall affections (dehiscence and thinned-out) were seen most often (57%) at the third plane (2cm posterior to the nasion). The orbital signs and symptoms in general were seen in half of the cases of which 20% were of grave (visual loss, diplopia and exophthalmos). These signs and symptoms were the more often, the more anterior the site of affections located. Grave signs and symptoms were seen at 2 to 2. 5cm posterior to the nasion when the orbital floor was affected and the inferior rectus were either pushed up or in direct contact with the cysts.
  • エアゾロル療法の基礎的検討
    前山 拓夫, 渡辺 荘郁, 原口 兼明, 岩渕 康則, 鰺坂 孝二, 大山 勝, 野崎 勉, 中西 賢二
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1070-1076
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Air streams in the paranasal sinus were investigated using Nose-Sinus Model to contribute to the fundamental knowledge of aerosol therapy. The results obtained were as follows ;
    1. The velocity of air streams in the paranasal sinus was measured by Laser Doppler Anemometer and the visualization of streams was done by Laser Light Sheet method.
    2. The amount of aerosol passed into the maxillary sinus is approximately in proportion to the sectional area of the ostium.
    3. A considerable amount of aerosol passing into the sinus was noted under LLS technique applying possitive pressure from the choana.
    From the above results, it is necessary for the effective entrance of aerosol into the sinus first to open the middle meatus wide and to add the intermittent pressure.
  • 佐藤 成樹
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1077-1083
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    In 12 anesthetized cats, the posterior semicircular canal nerve (PCN) stimulation evoked disynaptic EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) in the ipsilateral neck flexor motoneurons innervating longus capitis muscles in the C, and C2 segment (i-C1LCmn and i-C2LCmn). The mean latencys and maximum amplitude of the EPSPs in the i-C, LCmn and i-C2LCmn were 1. 8 and 1. 9 ms, and 340 and 350, uV, respectively. Concerning the latency and amplitude of the EPSPs, there were no differences in the i-C, LCmn and i-C2LCmn.
    The unit activities of 9 PCN-activated vestibulo-collic neurons sending axon to the ipsilateral motoneuron pool of longus capitis muscles in the C2 segment (i-C2LCmnp) were also observed. These neurons were activated orthodromically from the PCN stimulation with latencies of 1. 3ms (mean) and with latencies of 1. 2ms from the i-C2LCmnp stimulation antidromically. The cell body of these vestibulo-collic neurons located in the ventrolateral part of the lateral nucleus.
  • 田村 慎一郎
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1084-1092
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Rat embryos were explanted on late 11 day of gestation and cultured for 24 hours in rotating bottles with the yolk sac opened. Rat serum was used as culture medium and culture bottles were filled with 5 % CO2+95 % 02 gas mixture as gas phase. At the time of explantation and the end of the culture period, differentiation and growth of the embryos were monitored by counting somites and measuring crown rump length. About part of the embryos, protein determinations were made to measure growth. These data were compared with values found for 12 and 13 day embryos. The results for cultured embryos showed slight retardation in their differentiation and slight depression in the growth. At the same time to study early inner ear development in vitro, 9 of the other cultured embryos were serially sectioned and observed by light microscopy. In the cultured embryos endolymphatic duct elongated and acoustico-facial ganglion enlarged remarkably. Otocysts became flattened and elongated ventrally. Vestibular and cochlear portion were identifiable in the otocysts. Nerves arose from the ganglion reached to brain centrally and wall of pharynx peripherally. There was no significant difference in inner ear development between 13 day and the cultured embryos. This culture system should prove useful for studies on early inner ear development of mammalian embryos.
  • 井上 英輝
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1093-1098
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The velocity storage mechanism was studied in 12 normal human subjects. For optokinetic stimulation, we principally used step stimuli of 80 deg/sec generated by an Ohm type optokinetic stimulation drum.
    The charge characteristics of the velocity storage mechanism in the human optokinetic nystag- mus were closely approximated by the first-degree delay formula having an average time constant of 26. 1 sec. This value was much longer than that reported in other animals. The OKN slow phase eye velocity reached nearly 100 % of the stimulus velocity immediately after the onset of stimuli. Then, the velocity gradually decreased during first 30 seconds to approximately 70 % of the stimulus velocity, and it increased again to velocity the initial during the next 50-60 seconds of the continuous stimuli. These findings, indicating the characteristics specific in the human OKN may be related to the long time constant in the charge characteristics in human OKN as compared to other animals.
  • 石井 哲夫
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1142-1143
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 本庄 巖
    1989 年 92 巻 7 号 p. 1144-1145
    発行日: 1989/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
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