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Volume 92, Issue 8
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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CLINICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDYYUKIKO IINO, IUNICHI ISHITOYA, MICHIKO IKEDA, YUKIKO ITO, MASAMI USAMI ...1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1183-1191
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resolution of middle ear effusions(MEE)of children with otitis media with effusion (OME)who underwent myringotomy for the bacteriological examination was analyzed in terms of the culture results and the clinical features. The present study consisted of 193 children(258 ears), and the MEE from 77 ears(30%)were culture positive and the respiratory pathogens were detected from 44 ears(17%). Each child was then assigned to receive either a more than two-week course of antibiotics, cefaclor(CCL)or not. At one month following entry, 53(55%)out of 97 ears in CCL-treated group were effusion-free compared with 31(40%)out of 78 ears in the control group (P<0.05), In the control group, the resolution of MEE was significantly poor in the recurrent cases and the cases with pathogen positive-MEE. The presence of accompanying diseases such as adenoid vegetation, chronic sinusitis and allergy, however, was not related to the resolution of MEE. On the other hand, the cure rate of the cases with pathogen positive-MEE and recurrent cases in the CCL-treated group showed significant improvement. Furthermore, the cases accompanying adenoid vegetation and chronic sinusitis tended to become effusion-free after the antibiotic treat. ment. Therefore, the persistent bacterial infection in the middle ear and/or surrounding organs such as adenoid plays possibly an important role in the delayed recovery of OME. Antibiotics treatment could increase, to some extent, the resolution of MEE in cases with OME.View full abstractDownload PDF (270K) -
HIDEAKI SUZUKI, TOSHIICHI AWATAGUCHI, TOMONORI TAKASAKA1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1192-1196
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been reported to have a high selective cytotoxicity to various kinds of tumor cells, but its effect on head and neck cancer is uncertain.
To evaluate the effect of TNF on squamous cell carcinoma, we measured TNF sensitivity of six established cell lines derived from esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, TE-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 as well as L-M, FL, WISH, HEp-2 and THP-1 by means of 3H-thymidine incorporation method. HEp-2 derived from human laryngeal cancer, L-M, TE-3 and TE-4 were sensitive to TNF while THP-1, TE-l, 2, 5 and 7 were not.
IFNγ is known to bean inducer of TNF receptor of some kinds of tumor cells. TE-2 and TE-3 were sensitive to IFNγ. Combined use of these two cytokines resulted in additive inhibitory effect on TE-2 and 3, but no remarkable synergistic effect on any of TE-1, 2, 3 or 4.View full abstractDownload PDF (121K) -
HIROAKI FUNAI, MASAMICHI TAKUBO, TOSHITAKA IINUMA, YASUHARU HORIUCHI, ...1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1197-1203
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe posterior tympanum consists of several irregular eminences, ridges, and sinuses. These sinuses do not communicate with the mastoid air cell system, and cholesteatoma and/or granulation tissue prefer to fill them. This area cannot be visualized with ease by the usual surgical approach, and is thus quite important for surgeons.
Recent developments in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allow more than ever precise identification of subtle changes in the posterior tympanum. Axial HRCT sections provide essential information for the preoperative evaluation of the posterior tympanum. The perfor- mance of surgeons has been promoted both in evaluation and treatment planning of patient with suspected posterior tympanic lesions.
HRCT findings were compared with the operative findings in 52 patients (54 ears) who had the operation for chronic otitis media. Important findings by HRCT diagnosis of posterior tympanum are as follows ;
(1) Bone destruction in the posterosuperior part of the tympanic anulus and in the lateral wall of the facial sinus are the important findings for the diagnosis of invasion of cholesteatoma in the posterior tympanum.
(2) Similarly important finding is the bone destruction of the pyramidal eminence. This wasfound in 6 0f9 cases with cholesteatomas extending into the sinustympani.
(3)Thesofttissu edensityintheposteriortympanumdoesnotnecessarilyindicatepathologi-cal processes.Effusion in the posterior tympanum isimaged assofttissue density, and can notbe differentiatedfromcholesteatoma or granulation by presentHRCT.View full abstractDownload PDF (2175K) -
TOSHIO YOSHIHARA, MINORU NOMOTO, TAKASHI KANDA, TAKASHI KANDA, TOSHIO ...1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1204-1210
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcetylchoine receptors (AchRs) at the neuromuscular junctions of the cat posterior cricoar ytenoid muscle (PCA muscle) were demonstrated by using erabutoxin b (Eb) which has a curare- like action. Eb is one of the short-chain neurotoxins which is obtained from Laticauda semifas- ciata. At the light microscopic level, the localization of the neuromuscular junctions was detected on the muscle fiber by rhodamine-labeled Eb (TMR-Eb) under a fluorescein microscopy. For the electron microscopy horeseradish peroxidase-labeled Eb (HRP-Eb) was used. After incubation with HRP-Eb conjugate the tissue was fixed in a mixture of parafolmaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, then embedded in Epon. The reaction products were largely restricted to the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction.
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was also demonstrated electron microscopically by Karnovsky's and Lewis' methods respectively. The reaction products were localized at the subneural apparatus of the neuromuscular junction. Both these results were compared.View full abstractDownload PDF (3657K) -
SUSUMU MUKAI1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1211-1219
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author first reported that the vocal cords adduct during sniff. This movement was observed both in normal and in anosmic subjects.
In this paper four cases of dysosmia with no adduction of vocal cords during sniff was reported. The pattern of their olfactometry showed same tendencies, normal detective thresholds and inabil-ity of recognition and/or very low recognition threshold.
With the observations and referenced articles, the author concluded that the vocal cord's adduction during sniff is a specific movement when the larynx concern with olfaction, and that the adductory movements is related to olfactory recognition. It was thought that the orbital cortex integrates the afferent stimulations from the larynx during sniff and olfaction from the nose.
The author concluded also there exists these reported kind of dynosmia with no vocalcord adductory movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (2160K) -
TATUYA SAITOU1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1220-1231
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe site of origins, peripheral courses and intramucosal distribution of the sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibers supplying to the larynx were investigated by means of wheat germ ag- gulitinine-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and Falck-Hillarp method in 51 cats. The cervical sympathetic ganglia which send the postganglionic fibers to the larynx were the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), middle cervical ganglion (MCG), and stellate ganglion (SG). Location of MCG was at the bifurcation of the cervical sympathetic trunk, rostrally to the point of its crossing with the subclavian artery. After WGA-HRP injection, labeled sympathetic nerve fibers were observed mainly in the wall of the blood vessels and around the laryngeal glands of the posterior and caudal parts of the larynx. Labeled fibers originated from SCG were seen in the mucosa of the arytenoid region and posterior glottis ipsilaterally. Both the internal and external branches of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves contained the postganglionic fibers from SCG. Labeled nerve fibers from MCG were recognized in the ipsilateral mucosa of the glottis and subglottis and were also contained in the internal and external branches of the superior and the inferior laryngeal nerves. Labeled sympathetic nerve fibers from SG appeared in the mucosa caudal to the first tracheal ring. The pattern of distribution of labeled sympathetic nerve fibers revealed by WGA-HRP technique coincided with that of the noradrenergic fibers stained by Falck-Hillarp method.View full abstractDownload PDF (3887K) -
LARYNGOTRACHEAL PLASTIC SURGERY WITH AUTOGENEOUSNOBUKO KAWASHIRO, KEIJIRO KOGA, SETSUKO MURAKAMI, MIWAKO NAKANO1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1232-1238
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe performed laryngotracheal plastic surgery by transplantation of autogeneous costal carti-lage graft in 9 cases of subglottic stenosis (2 with congenital type and 7 with acquired type). Of 9 cases, 3 cases had the lesion after long-term intubation, 2 cases after tracheotomy and 2 cases after laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis. Five cases aged one year and the remaining 4 cases 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 6 years old, respectively.
We could successfully decannulate in all the 9 cases after our plastic surgery. The period from surgical treatment to decannulation varied from 9 days to 6 months. However, 8 cases were decannulated in 2 months after surgery.
Cotton et al (1978) did not use any stents in their treatment for subglottic stenosis, but we did in all of our cases. We preferred stents of the silicone Y-tube, and the recommendable duration of cannulation is 4 weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1550K) -
VOCAL FOLD LENGTH IN RESPIRATION AND IN PHONATIONNORIKO NISHIZAWA1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1239-1252
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy use of a rigid stereoendoscope system, the vocal fold length in living human subjects was measured in absolute values. The subjects were seven adults. None of them had special training for singing. The measurements were made during inspiration and phonation with systematic changes in vocal pitch. During respiration, the glottal width was widened in inspiration and narrowed in expiration. Following the widening of the glottis, the vocal fold length increased and following the narrowing of the glottis, it decreased. In steady phonation with systematic changes in vocal pitch, the minimum length of the vocal fold ranged from 5.6 to 9. 8mm in males and from 6.0 to 7. 3mm in females. The range of maximum length was from 10. 7 to 15. 0mm in males and from 9. 2 to 12. 6mm in females. In male subjects, the vocal fold length in usual spoken pitch (USP) ranged from 8. 9 to 11. 3mm. In the female subjects, it ranged from 7. 0 to 10. lmm. It is noted that the subjects having a larger value of the vocal fold length in USP, also have larger value in the minimum and maximum length of the vocal fold. There was a general tendency for vocal fold length to increase with pitch ascent at least within some portion of the voice range of spoken voice. The rate of the elongation in relation to the pitch ascent appears to be variable among the subjects. It is also noted that the vocal fold length does not necessarily increase with the increase in vocal pitch in the higher portion of the voice range, including both natural and falsetto registers. In these pitch ranges, the physiological mechanisms for pitch control might not consistently be seen in the change of the vocal fold length. It seems that these variabilities of relation between the vocal pitch and the vocal fold length are evident in spoken voice, while uniform patterns are dominantly seen in singing voice, although further research is needed to support this notion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1360K) -
KIYOFUMI GYO, KAZUHIKO TAKEDA, HIDEMITSU SATO, AOAKI YANAGIHARA1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1253-1258
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpeech perception by single channel cochlear implant can be improved to some extent by modifying the encoding process of the speech signals. The principle of our encoding strategy is to present speech signals with appropriate delay time for lower frequency components of the speech sound, while without delay for higher frequency components. This is based on a cochlear physiology that higher frequency sounds are perceived earlier than lower frequency sounds, since the former is perceived at the basal turn and the latter at the apical turn. The following tests were performed without the aid of lip reading in the two patients implanted with a single channel cochlear implant of 3M-House design. Lower frequency components of the speech signals were digitally delayed with a Sony SDP-777 ES surround processor. The results indicated that the optimal delay time for identification of /i/, /e/ and /u/ needed longer delay time, while that of /a/ and /o/ needed shorter delay time, corresponding to the difference between the first and second formant of each vowel. Comparison of vowel perception with and without delay coding showed that vowel identification with delay coding was superior to that without it ; 30% vs. 16% in case 1, and 48% vs. 30% in case 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
JUNKO ISHII, MIDORI NABESHIMA, MAKIKO KUKI, YUKO NAGASUE, TETSUO ISHII1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1259-1264
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe parasympathetic nerve which innervates the nasal mucosa is known to take a course along the facial nerve, geniculate ganglion, greater petrosal nerve and Vidian nerve as a preganglionic component. In the case of facial palsy with decreased lacrimation, it is proposed that the patients have a damage of the geniculate or suprageniculate lesion. This lesion is thought to cause parasympathetic, preganglionic denervation to the nasal mucosa. In the case of facial palsy with decreased lacrimation in Schirmer's test, it can be considered that the preganglionic nerve fibers of their parasympathetics to the nose were injured. Twenty-seven cases of facial palsy were selected for this study. We found that 18 (66. 7%) out of 27 patients with facial palsy showed a nasal cycle and that 9 (33.3%) showed no nasal cycle. Ten (62.5%) out of 16 patients with decreased lacrimation showed a nasal cycle. In Hasegawa and Kern's study, a nasal cycle was present in 72% of 50 normal subjects. Our data was simillar to their finding. Therefore we conclude that the nasal cycle was not influenced by injury to the preganglionic, parasympathetic nerve to the nose.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
TADAHITO SAITO, HIROMU KAKIUTI, KIYONORI KUKI, MASAYA YOKOTA, TAKASI J ...1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1265-1270
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecombinant Interleukin-2 (rIL-2) was administered locally to 20 patients with head and neck cancer. 800 thousand units of TGP-3 were injected around the tumor mass every day for about 4 weeks. Complete response (CR) was obtained in two cases with lip cancer and one with lingual cancer showed partial response (PR), and minor response (MR) in oral floor cancer. No recur-rence of tumors was observed in the two cases of lip cancer.
Chemotherapy was performed with rIL-2 in cases responding only insufficiently to rIL-2. It was interesting that arterial infusion of anticancer drugs subsequent to local administration of rIL-2 resulted in a dramatic decrease in tumor size in a short time. It is suggested that local administration of rIL-2 may play an important role in multimodal treatment for head and neck cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1958K) -
TADAHITO SAITO, TAKAAKI KAWAGUTI, JYUNITI YOD, TAKAAKI KIMURA, TOSHIHI ...1989 Volume 92 Issue 8 Pages 1271-1276
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiopsied specimens from patients treated by local administration of rIL-2 were examined immunohistologically. Lymphocytes infiltrating into the cancer tissue before and after administra- tion of rIL-2 were observed on paraffin embedded sections by Hematoxilin Eosin (HE) stain in relation to the clinical effect.
And their subsets were identified on frozen sections by Avidin Biotin peroxidase Complex (ABC) method using monoclonal antibodies to examine what kinds of effector cells were induced and increased in the tumor site by rIL-2 in vivo.
The intensity of increasing of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was correlated with the clinical effect of local administration of rIL-2. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes were mainely T lymphocytes, of which Leu-2a+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and Leu-3a+3b+ cells (helper/ inducer T cells) were almost equally observed.
Leu-2a+ cells were considered to be mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes because few Leu-2a+ cells were stained with anti-Leu-15 antibody. After administration of rIL-2, marked infiltration of T lymphocytes was observed and there was no obvious different response in degree of infiltration between Leu-2a+ cells and Leu 3a+3b+ cells.
Furthermore, IL-2 receptor+ T lymphocytes (activated T lymphocytes) were increased after administration of rIL-2. And natural killer (NK) cells were slightly observed and also increased after administration of rIL-2.
These findings suggest local administration of rIL-2 has possibility to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes, to increse NK cells and to activate these lymphocytes in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (2898K)
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