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Volume 94, Issue 9
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL IONS IN ENDOCOCHLEAR DC POTENTIAL AND COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS IN THE GUINEA PIGTHE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM ON THE COCHLEATORU HANDA1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1127-1133
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEndocochlear DC potential (EP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) in the guinea pig under the influence of the divalent heavy metal cations of manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium, and the trivalent cation of lanthanum were investigated. The area from the scala tympani to the scala vestibuli was perfused with control and test solutions.
CM decreased gradually to 50-80%, but EP showed no change after perfusion with a solution containing 1mM of metal ions. At a concentration of 10mM, EP decreased from 80mV to 10-20mV and CM decreased to 15-55%. At 100mM, EP increased by about 10mV at the beginning of perfusion, remained steady for 1min, and then rapidly decreased to 0-10mV. Meanwhile, CMcontinued to decrease, finally sustaining a 10-56% reduction. The decrease in EP and CM were irreversible, and perfusion of the area with the standard solution for 20min had no effect. The osmolarity of the artificial perilymph containing 100mM of metal ions was twice as high as that of the normal physiological solution. The effects of osmolarity, however, were excluded because perfusion with an artificial perilymphatic solution made hypertonic by either NaCl or sucrose changed neither EP nor CM. The application of 100mM of metal ions topically to the round window membrane caused no change in EP.
The alkali metal ions are known to inhibit inward Cal2+ current. Therefore, the present results suggest that Cal2+ ions play a role in maintaining EP generation in the stria vascularis and CM generation in the organ of Corti.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
SHOKO INAKI1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1234-1243
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurement of swallowing pressure was done in 75 patients who complained of abnormal sensation such as obstructive sensation, difficulty in swallowing, etc. in the throat without noticeable cause. Abnormal swallowing pressure curves were observed in 33 patients (44%), and 76% of them showed abnormal elevation of the pressure at the hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal region.
These results indicated that subclinical swallowing disorder, particularly abnormal high swall-owing pressure, can be a possible cause of their complaints. The author assumed that abnormal elevation of swallowing pressure is due to hypertonicity of the hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal muscles.
By the animal experiments using dog, a muscle relaxant, eperizone hydrochloride, revealed to change muscle tonus of the hypopharyngoesophageal muscles. Intravenous administration of the drug decreased swallowing pressure and prolonged the relaxation time of the cricopharyngeal muscle.
Clinically the muscle relaxant showed to be effective in ameliorating the complaint of the patients with abnormal high swallowing pressure at the hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal region.
Based on the above results, the author proposed that the clinical entity, hypopharyngeal-cervical esophageal hypertonicity, causes a subclinical swallowing disorder leading to the abnormal sensation in the throat.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
YASUO MORI, SOUICHI HARAGUCHI, TAKATO O. YOSHIDA1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1244-1249
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntibody-production of mononuclear cells from human tonsils was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the culture system following polyclonal stimulations with pokeweed mitogen.
The results were summarized and discussed as follows ;
1) Age-related changes were not observed.
2) Antibody-producing ability in the intermittent phase of recurrent tonsillitis was significantly impaired.
3) Antibody-production in the recrudescent phase of recurrent tonsillitis was increased and might be reactivated probably by stimuli of the recent infection in vivo.
4) It was suggested that the recurrent tonsillitis was due to the low antibody-production ability of tonsillar mononuclear cells.
5) These results gave an immunological basis on the operative indication of recurrent tonsilli-tis.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
HWA SIK LEE, YUICHI MAJIMA, YASUO SAKAKURA, MASASHI INAGAKI, YOUKO SUG ...1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1250-1256
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interpretation of conventional radiographic views for sinusitis in children has given rise to considerable controversy. Thirty-three children (66 sides of sinuses) aged from 4 to 15 years who were suspected of having chronic sinusitis were studied to determine the accuracy of conventional X-ray examination, comparing the results with those of CT. Coronal CT was taken after conventional X-ray examination (Waters and occipito-frontal views), and the time interval between these two examinations was 0 to 14 days (average 5. 1 days).
The rate of correspondence in diagnosis of sinus pathology between conventional X-ray views and CT was 74. 3% in the maxillary sinus and 40. 9% in the ethmoid. The rate of overestimation with conventional X-ray views was 24.2% in the maxillary sinus and 56. 1% in the ethmoid, while that of underestimation was 1. 5% and 3. 0% in the maxillary and the ethmoid sinus respectively. The incidence of false positives according to conventional X-ray views was 8. 0% in the maxillary sinus and 33.3% in the ethmoid.
Our results indicate that Waters view is sufficient to diagnose maxillary sinus pathology in children. However, additional radiologic examinations, such as CT, are necessary in investigating the pathologic conditions of the ethmoid sinus, since diagnostic significance of occipito-frontal view for ethmoid pathology is doubtful in children. A routine preoperative CT is recommended, which allows a detailed evaluation of pathologic changes and anatomical relations of the ethmoid before embarking a surgical intervention for the ethmoid sinus in children.View full abstractDownload PDF (1126K) -
TOORU WAKABAYASHI, YOSHIHITO YASUOKA, TAMIO KAMEI1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1257-1264
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of bilateral nontraumatic internal carotid aneurysms presenting with recurrent massive epistaxis was reported. A 37-year-old female complaining of massive epistaxis from the left nostril was admitted to our hospital. After admission, she experienced recurrent massive epistax-is, but had no cranial nerve palsies. Carotid angiography demonstrated an aneurysm of the cavernous portion of the left internal carotid artery partially protruding into the sphenoid sinus. Neck clipping of the aneurysm was unsuccessful, therefore the left internal carotid ligation in the neck was performed with a Selverstone clamp. After the ligation, no rebleeding and neurological deficits occurred. Postoperative carotid angiography showed an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery at the same site. The carotid angiography of 3 months later and 1 year and 3 months later revealed that the left aneurysm decreased in size and the right one remained un-changed.
Twenty-one cases including ours that presented nontraumatic internal carotid aneurysm of the cavernous portion were reviewed. Twelve cases had no cranial nerve palsies, and 7 cases includ-ing ours had no other symptoms than massive epistaxis. Because massiveness of epistaxis from an internal carotid aneurysm often threatens one's life, diagnosis should be made by carotid angiography as soon as possible. There are several surgical procedures for such aneurysms. Clipping is the ideal method which can interrupt the blood flow to the aneurysm completely, but it is very difficult to be performed anatomically. Carotid ligation in the neck with little surgical invasion was an excellent method in 7 cases without rebleeding and neurological deficits. Bilateral intracavernous internal carotid aneurysms were found in our case and another case. Unilateral internal carotid ligation was performed in our case, but risk of enlargement of the contralateral aneurysm should be considered following this procedure. If the contralateral one increases in size, a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis should be considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1873K) -
HISAYOSHI ISHIZAKI1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1265-1279
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBody sway test which examines the vestibule-spinal reflex is sensitive for evaluating vestibular dysfunction in patients with vertigo, dizziness or unsteadiness.
Body sway is usually evaluated by measuring the length and area of traces on the force platform. However, it is not necessarily possible to evaluate abnormal body sway with these indicators because there is a discrepancy between sway length and area.
In the present study, 8 directional vectro-posturography was developed and applied to the patients with Meniere's disease. Averaging of measurements at moving 3 points was used to eliminate high frequency noise over 4. 92Hz.
The subjects consisted of 66 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease and 31 normal controls. Eight directional vectrogram allowed measurement of shift area and directionality, simultane-ously. The patient's group showed statistically significant body sway in the right forward and left backward direction with eyes open, in all the directions with eyes closed, when compared with the control's group. The effect of vision on postural stability was studied by obtaining 8 directional Romberg's quotients. The patients with Meniere's disease had significantly in forward- backward, and left-forward and right-backward direction when compared with controls. However, later-ality of the affected side was not detected from the vectrogram. The effect of endolymphatic sac operation on postural stability was evaluated in the patients of unilateral Meniere's disease who showed progressive hearing loss and resisted conservative medication therapy. The results showed unstable body sway in the condition with eyes closed until at least 4 months after the operation.
The patients with Meniere's disease presented pathological body sway, even during symptom free periods, when examined with 8 directional vector posturography.
Power spectral analysis of body sway indicated that most energy was distributed at frequencies lower than 0.5Hz. Nevertheless, directional preponderance of body sway was characterized by higher frequency components. The findings infers that postural stability at the frequency range over 0. 5Hz, may be governed by the input of vestibular organs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
MASAKI OHNISHI, Ruby Pawankar, HIROKUNI OTSUKA, MASAKAZU IKEDA, TERUMI ...1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1280-1287
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the conditions, kinetics and cell sources for basophil/mast cell and eosinophil colony stimulating activity (CSA) production by nasal epithelial cells taken from house dust (HD) nasal allergic patients. Epithelial scrapings removed from HD nasal allergic patients were grown to confluence over 7 days as a monolayer of epithelial cells in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) on collagen coated microwell plates. CSA in nasal epithelial cells conditioned medium (CM) was assessed with density-gradient separated, nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose assays.
In the 14-day methylcellulose assays, the number of Eo-type colonies in the presence of either 10% or 5% CM was significantly higher than the background number of Eo-type colonies (negative control). Comparison of Gm CSA among 1%, 5% and 10% CM with negative, revealed no significant differences. We also compared the Eo-type CSA in the presence of 10% CM in the 14 -day methylcellulose assay with 21-day methylcellulose assay. There was no significant difference in the number of Eo-type colony between the 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose assays.
We also examined the composition of the cells in the colonies in the 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose cultures. The percentage of metachromatic granule containing cells in a Eo-type colony in 14-day methylcellulose assay was significantly higher than in a Eo-type colony in 21-day methylcellulose assay. On the other hand, the percentage of eosinophilic granule containing cells in a Eo-type colony in 14-day methylcellulose assay was significantly lower than in a Eo-type colony in 21-day methylcellulose assay. We also measured histamine content in individual Eo-type colonies in 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose culture. Average histamine content in a Eo-type colony was 1.8±2. 2ng (N=15) in 14-day methylcellulose culture and 0. 7±0.8ng (N=15) in 21-day methylcellulose culture.
These studies confirmed the existence of regulatory growth factors in the nasal epithelial cell CM taken from HD nasal allergic patients that stimulate and/or inhibit the growth and differentiation of human basophils/mast cells and eosinophils from common, committed progenitor cells and point to the existence of a unique microenvironment for basophil/mast cell and eosinophil development provided by nasal allergic epithelium.View full abstractDownload PDF (1881K) -
HIDENOBU TAIJI, JIN KANZAKI1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1288-1296
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The indices of hearing recovery for sudden deafness was examined. Because it did not reflect the severity of the initial hearing loss, the standard of the Japanese Ministry of Welfare was thought to be inadequate.
2) Since the prognosis of sudden deafness was known to be influenced by several factors, it seemed to be necessary for evaluating the efficacy of treatment to exclude various modifying factors. For this purpose predicting hearing recovery based on multiple regression analysis is appropriate.
3) The predicting recovery rate with the actual recovery rate for 4 kinds of treatment was compared. No significant difference was found between the expected values and the observed values.
4) The scatter diagram indicated 2 groups of patients. This might be due to different pathophysiology of sudden deafness. In the good recovery group, the recovery rate for prostaglan-din E, therapy was significantly better than the expected one.View full abstractDownload PDF (646K) -
MIKIKAZU YAMAGIWA, YASUO SAKAKURA, KOTARO UKAI, YUICHI MAJIMA, YUKIYOS ...1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1297-1303
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the effect of recognition of head and neck malignancies on patients' psychosomatic condition and personality, we applied the Cornell Medical Index Health Question-naire (CMI) and the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and collected medical and psychologi-cal data from 35 male (42-78 years of age ; average 62.5) and 15 female (20-76 years of age ; average 54.7) patients with malignant head and neck tumors (10 nose and paranasal, 8 oral, 8 pharyngeal, 14 laryngeal, 6 thyroid gland and 4 others). The two tests were done twice for each patients ; at first immediately before hospitalization for treatment of the tumors at Mie University Hospital and secondly just before discharge from the hospital. The period of hospitalization ranged 1 to 13 months, average 3. 3 months. At the end of hospitalization doctors and nurses who had mainly taken care of the patients estimated the patients' recognition of their malignancy by analyzing behavior and information mainly from their family and classified patients into three groups ; Group R (Patients who recognized that they were patients with head and neck malig-nancies) comprised 22 patients, Group N (who did not recognize the condition) comprised 15 and Group U (who could not be classified into Groups R or N) comprised 13. Comparison among the three groups revealed the followings.
1) Patients in Group R were relatively young (average 56. 3 years) and extrovert (estimatedby MPI) and their somatic and psychological complaints registered on the CMI were less than those in other 2 groups. Psychosomatic condition after recognition that they had been patients with malignant tumors was better than before. That means the recognition did not badly affect at all.
2) The other two groups did not provide any estimate of the effect of malignancy-recognition by patients. Patients in Group U were considerably neurotic at admission and they were more depressive and autonomic nerve dysfunctioning at discharge. It might indicate that the psychosomatic condition in those patients became worse when they recognized the malignancy. Patients in Group N, older (average 65. 3 years) and mainly treated nonsurgically, were in good psychosomatic condition before and after the treatment. The effect of malignancy-recognition was quite obscure in this group.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
WITH SPECIAL REFERRENCE TO THE NEWLY DEVISED TONSILLAR CRYPTSCOPE AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF VESSELS IN CRYPTSKEIJI FUJIHARA1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1304-1314
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that inflamed human palatine tonsils have many surface crypts showing characteristic lymphoepithelial symbiosis, which play an important role in immune response. The cryptepithelia are rich in blood vessels. This proliferation of blood vessels is said to be the initiation of various kinds of immune responses. We devised a tonsillar cryptscope in order to observe the tonsillar crypt. Scopy with the cryptscope confirmed seven characteristic types of capillary vessels. The cryptscopic figures showed different patterns in tonsillar diseases such as hypertrophic tonsil, recurrent tonsillitis and tonsil with focal infection (palmoplantar pustulosis and psoriasis vulgaris). In this study the significances of tonsillar cryptscopic figures were investigated through the study of three dimensional structures of blood vessels and immuno-histology.
In order to understand the structure of capillary vessels in details, human palatine tonsils were studied using corrosion casting techniques with a scanning electron microscope. Horseshoe type capillary vessels corresponded to the curved capillary vessels in the epithelium. This type of capillary vessel was observed in the epithelia covering the interfollicular area.
The tonsillar blood vessels, along with closely related substances in the epithelium and the parenchyma, were immuno-histologically examined. Where the lymphocytes had densely infiltrated the epithelium, the basement membrane became thickened and often disrupted ; the endothelial cells were also enlarged. Adrian et al reported that lymphocytes invaded from the capillary vessels within the epithelia. Thus it was suggested that the horseshoe type was related to lymphocyte invasion of the epithelia.
With the Arthus reaction in the rabbit tonsil, some resin leakage through the vessel walls around the crypt was observed in the three dimensional structure of capillary vessels. Immune complexes positive to anti-C3 and anti-IgG antibodies were found in the crypt epithelia of human tonsils with focal infection. The small bleeding spot was therefore attributed to the Arthus reaction.
The tonsillar crypt scope is a useful instrument. It allows us to get information about various histological conditions of the cryptepithelia macroscopically without resort to tonsillectomy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2788K) -
YOUSUKE TAKEUCHI1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1315-1324
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotid artery involvement in head and neck tumor is a great concern to surgeons because of the unpredictable effects of its resection. For the investigation of brain collateral circulation, color Doppler guided Matas' test has been performed to examine blood flow in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA). SSA-270A convex (3. 75MHz) and linear (3. 75MHz, 2. 5MHz) array probes (Toshiba Co., Ltd.) were used for this investigation. A tempor-ary occlusion test (60 sec) was performed on the common carotid artery (CCA) in thirty patients who were scheduled to undergo radical neck dissection. The blood flow velocity of MCA during Matas' test was recorded. Then relative flow (percent blood flow before the test) of MCA during the 60 sec Matas' test was measured. The relative mean flow was 72% with a standard deviation of 15%.
The results of thirty patients were classified into four groups according to the relative flow of MCA after 60 sec occlusion of the common carotid artery: Group A, over 87% (three cases) ; Group B, 86-72% (twelve cases) ; Group C, 71-57% (twelve cases) ; Group D, under 56% (three cases). Brain collateral circulation (BCC) of the Group A patients was considered to be excellent, and therefore reconstructive vascular surgery (RVS) was not necessarily indicated. In Group B patients (fair) and Group C patients (slightly poor) further investigation of BCC, i.e., Balloon Matas' test (occlusion of CCA and ICA), SPECT and brain angiography, was considered to be necessary. In Group D patients (poor) RVS was inevitable if either CCA or ICA had to be resected. Important information is provided by this noninvasive examination to predict the risk of carotid resection. This test seems to be useful to determine whether or not RVS is indicated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1723K) -
YOUSUKE TAKEUCHI1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1325-1330
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: July 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the diagnosis of the head and neck region it is important to investigate the relationship between the lesions and surrounding vessels, including their hemodynamics, pre- and/or postoper-atively. For this purpose color Doppler has been used in recent years. However, there is little information on the use of color Doppler in this region. This report describes an attempt to apply this examination to the region of the head and neck.
Standard methods of detection of the main arteries and internal juglar vein have been devised, and the blood velocity and flow of those arteries were measured using SSA - 270A convex (3.75MHz) and linear (3. 75MHz, 2.5MHz) array probes (Toshiba Co., Ltd.). This technique was also applied to several clinical cases. The results of these investigation were as follows.
1) The middle cerebral, vertebral and basilar, and carotid arteries and their branches could be studied.
2) Blood velocity and flow of the main arteries were reasonable when compared with the results of scintigraphy and electromagnetic studies.
3) The vessels surrounding the tumors were easy to detect. The location or hemodynamics of metastatic tumors, pseudoaneurysm, and tongue hemangioma could also be displayed. The technique was also useful for the blood flow estimation in the portion of vascular anastomosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (3314K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1374-1377
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (162K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1378
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (106K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 94 Issue 9 Pages 1379-1380
Published: September 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (208K)
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