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Volume 95, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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ATSUNOBU TSUNODA, KOICHI YAMASHITA, MIYAKO MATSUI, ATSUSHI KOMATSUZAKI1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTarget CT images of 147 patients and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images of 15 patients were examined to assess the relation between jugular bulb position and intracranial veins.
First, relation of jugular bulb position to venous volume was examined from CT. The height of the jugular bulb was measured from the lower margin of the tympanic annulus to the apex of the jugular bulb by counting CT slices individually on the both side. The heights of the right and left jugular bulbs were 4.0+/-3.9mm and 2.0+/-3.9mm respectively, indicating that the right jugular bulb was higher than the left, consistent with previous reports. The depth of the sigmoid sinus sulcus, which may reflect the venous volume, was measured on the slice showing the internal auditory canal. The right side was 6.7+/-2.2mm deep, while the left side was 5.3+/-2.0mm in depth. These measurement also showed that the height of jugular bulb and depth of the sulcus of the sigmoid sinus were closely related. The jugular bulb was higher on the side with the deeper sigmoid sinus sulcus (correlation coefficient r=0.73).
Frontal head and neck angiography were performed after bolus injection of contrast medium. Angiographic images were modified and examined by means of a digital subtraction process. A result from angiography was consistent with the measurement of CT. The side with greater venous flow has the higher jugular bulb. And such difference in right and left venous flows was observed at and proximately to the transverse sinuses.
The position of the jugular bulb and sigmoid sinus are important during ear surgery. Our date shows that the position of the venous system is influenced by the laterality in venous blood flow. From the embryological aspect, cases of high jugular bulb are due to a large difference between right and left venous return. And the right sided dominance of the height of the jugular bulb and sigmoid sinus sulcus are attributable to the variable development of the fetal venous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1092K) -
TAKASHI ABE, TAKASHI TSUIKI, KAZUO MURAI, MASAYO GOTO, TAKESHI ISHIKAW ...1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 7-14
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLow tone sudden deafness (LTSD) has the three following features; obscure origin, acute or sudden onset and sensorineural hearing loss limited to low frequencies without vertigo. Twenty LTSD patients with total hearing levels at low frequencies (125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz) from 70dB to 95dB (Group A) and 19 LTSD patients (typical LTSD) with levels above 100dB (Group B) were studied. All patients visited our department within one week after onset. All presented over the past 3 years and were follwed up for two years or more after initial examination. The clinical parameters such as incidence, subjective symptoms, the configuration of the audiogram and the prognoses of patients in the two groups were investigated comparatively. The following results were obtained.
(1) Patients in their twenties were more frequently affected in group A, but patients aged 20 to 50 were equally affected in group B.
(2) Females were more frequently affected in both groups, remarkably so in group B.
(3) Hearing disorders frequently occurred after an upper respiratory tract infection and stress in both groups.
(4) Fullness of the ear, tinnitus and hearing disturbance were common chief complaint and subjective symptoms in both groups.
(5) The configuration of the audiogram seemed to be variable within each group and between the two groups.
(6) The ratios of recurrent type to monoattack type were almost the same and the patients had good prognoses in both groups.
From the results mentioned above, both groups were considered to belong to the same category of LTSD. If this speculation is correct, LTSD seems to be a common disease which has its highest peak at the 70dB level in the distribution of total hearing level at low frequencies and the ratio of monoattack type to recurrent type is considered to be 3 to 1. More than 70dB total hearing level at low frequencies is desirable for analyzing the clinical parameters and pathological state as the evaluation criteria of sensorineural hearing loss of LTSD.View full abstractDownload PDF (1684K) -
USING FUZZY MEASURE AND FUZZY INTEGRALHARUHIRO HAYASHI1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 15-24
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe important items of subjective estimations were investigated for hearing aid users.
In this study, data of subjective evaluations were gathered from 166 peoples who have used a hearing aid for more than six months. Four principal factors in the subjective evaluations were found by factor analysis. Their four factors were the factor regarding loudness and noise ({S'1}), the factor regarding nature of sound and speech ({S'2}), the factor regarding feeling of fullness of sound and speech ({S'3}), and the factor regarding feeling of wear and so on ({S'4, }).
The model of fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral was applied to the result in order to make a mathematical model, and fifteen fuzzy measures were evaluated. Moreover, the Shapley values of four factors by fifteen fuzzy measures were solved.
As a consequence, hearing aid users attach great importance to nature of sound and speech when they select their hearing aids.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
YUKIKO IINO, MINORU TORIYAMA1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 25-31
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing a microchamber technique, we tested cholesteatoma debris and certain of its constituents for effects on the migration of human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cholesteatoma debris induced significant migration of monocytes. When the individual constituents of cholesteatoma debris, i. e., α-keratin, cholesterol, lauric acid and lipopolysaccharides, were tested for monocyte chemotaxis, only α-keratin induced significant monocyte migration. α-keratin extracted from the cholesteatoma debris with 8M urea also induced migration of monocytes with a bell-shaped dose-response curve, which is frequently encountered with chemoattractants. Therefore, cholesteatoma debris and one of its components, α-keratin, are potent chemoattractants for human monocytes. On the other hand, cholesteatoma debris showed no significant chemotactic effect on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Based on the present and our previous results, cholesteatoma debris acts on monocytes/macrophages as a strong chemotactant, a potent activating (priming) factor, and an inducer of production of tumor necrosis factor, which is a bone-resorbing cytokine. Therefore, we concluded that macrophages induced by cholesteatoma debris may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bone resorption in cholesteatoma otitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K) -
A COMPREHENSIVE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 271 PRIMARY CASESTOSHIYUKI ISHIGE, TOSHIO KANEKO, AKIYOSHI KONNO, JUNYA NAITOH, KATSUTA ...1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 32-40
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 271 patients with submandibular gland cancer, treated in 149 hospitals in Japan in the period from 1958 to 1991, were retrospectively studied with regard to age, sex, TNM classification (UICC 1987, Geneva), histological diagnosis, therapeutic method and prognosis.
The results were the following:
1. 157 males and 114 females
2. Stage I: 52 cases (19%); stage II: 64 cases (24%); stage ITI: 52 cases (19%) and stage IV: 103 cases (38%).
3. T1:29 cases (11%); T2:116 cases (43%); T3:93 cases (30%) and T4:43 cases (16%).
4. Cervical lymph node involvement: 40%, ranging 25% in adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell tumor, to 62% in undifferenciated carcinoma.
5. Distant metastasis: 11%
6. Histology: adenoid cystic carcinoma 37%, adenocarcinoma 20%, mucoepidermoid tumor 16%, carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma 10%, epidermoid carcinoma 10%, undifferentiated carcinoma 3%, acinic cell tumor 3%.
7. Treatment method: Surgical procedure alone; 51%, Combination of surgery and postoperative radiation; 18%.
8. 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 36% and 11%, respectively.
9. 5-year and 10-year survival rates varied according to the stages, being 76% and 38%, respectively, for stage I, 68% and 20%, respectively, for stage II, 15% and 10%, respectively, for stage III, and 14% and 4%, respectively for stage IV.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
TATSUYA YAMASOBA, SHIGERU KIKUCHI, MASATO YAGI, MASASHI SUGASAWA, TAKE ...1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 41-50
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied 50 patients with acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) who were examined at the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, and followed up for 18 months or more. We investigated the prognosis of hearing loss within 3 months after onset, rate of recurrence during long-term follow-up, interval between the first and the second episodes of hearing loss or between onset and the time when the diagnosis of Meniere's disease was made, and factors affecting prognosis.
The results were as follows.
1. Within the initial 3 months of follow-up, hearing loss continued to fluctuate in 5 patients. In the remaining 45, hearing returned to normal in 34, improved without returning to normal in 6, showed no marked change in 4, and became worse in one.
2. In long-term follow-up, the recurrence of hearing loss without vertigo occurred in 16 patients, and 5 others were eventually diagnosed as having Meniere's disease. The average interval between the first and second episodes of hearing loss was 9.2 months, and the diagnosis of Meniere's desease was made an average of 27 months after onset.
3. Recurrence was not significantly related to the initial prognosis of hearing loss.
4. Within the initial 3 months of follow-up, the prognosis of hearing loss was significantly better in patients whose hearing loss at 1kHz was within 20dB, and tended to be better in females and in patients attending within one week of onset. Long-term follow-up showed that the rate of recurrence was significantly lower in patients aged 40 years or more, and tended to be lower in patients who visited the hospital within one week of onset or whose hearing loss at 1kHz was within 20dB.
5. There were no significant differences between patients with single and recurrent attacks with respect to sex, subjective symptoms, and results of the glycerol test and electrocochleography.
ALHL tends to recur without any relationship to the initial prognosis of hearing loss. Since it is still difficult to predict whether or not hearing loss will recur, long-term follow-up is necessary even in patients with good initial prognosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (773K) -
YASUYUKI KIMURA, TAKAKI MIWA, HIDEO SAKASHITA, TAKEO DONJYO, TADASHI I ...1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 51-57
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reviewed the clinical records of 15 patients with parosmia examined in our department from April 1987 to September 1990. Seven (29.2%) of 24 patients with olfactory disturbance caused by traumatic injury complained of parosmia. Eight (23.2%) of 34 patients with olfactory disturbance caused by influenza also showed parosmia. The incidence of parosmia between two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Parosmia was observed in none of 42 patients with olfactory disturbance caused by nasal-paranasal diseases. All patients (n:15) always perceived odors as unpleasent. Twelve of them had spontaneous parosmia, and three patients recognized the unpleasant smell when an odor came. In comparison with the auditory system, we speculated that spontaneous parosmia resembles tinnitus. The cause of tinnitus is recognized as a disturbance of the auditory nerve (the first order neuron). Tinnitus is rare in patients with conductive hearing loss, and cases of olfactory disturbance of the "respiratory dysosmia" did not complain of parosmia. Post-traumatic olfactory disturbance is caused by transection of the fila olfactoria, which is part of an olfactory neuron, while post-inflammatory olfactory disturbance is caused by damage to olfactory receptor cells. Furthermore, the fact that the incidence of parosmia between the two groups was not statistically significant suggests the same etiological mechanism in receptor cells. We consider that parosmia is caused by damage to olfactory sensory neurons.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
WITH EFFUSION IN INFANTS AND CHILDRENYASUO MORI, SATOSHI IWASAKI, KENZO KUBOTA, SHINRI KINAGA, SHUJI OCHO1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 58-64
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn January 1990, the clinical features of acute otitis media (AOM) were retrospectively evaluated in 94 infants and children. These cases with AOM were treated with myringotomy under an operative microscope at their initial visit to our hospital during the five-month period from January to May of 1989.
These results were as follows;
1) AOM in infants and children should be called "acute otitis media with effusion", because AOM can occur at the same phase as otitis media with effusion (OME) and OME can occur after AOM, both otitis media have the continuum of the pathological condition in the middle ear.
2) For the treatment of recurrent "acute otitis media with effusion", myringotomy as well as reasonable chemotherapy should be performed even with the recent advent of the newer antibiotics.
3) We suggest that the number of chronic otitis media will be reduced at some future time, if all of"acute otitis media with effusion" can be appropriately treated.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
MINORU KINISHI, HIDEO HOSOMI, MUTSUO AMATSU, MAKOTO TANI, KAORU KOIKE1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 65-70
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the pathophysiology of Bell's palsy that edema as well as ischemia lead to both compression and hypoxia, Stennert employed high doses of cortisone and dextran and reported a high recovery rate. In the past 5 years, we have been treating patients with Bell's palsy and Hunt syndrome with a high dose of steroids or low-molecular dextran (SD therapy).
SD therapy was administrated in 71 cases of Hunt syndrome, and the results were compared with those of a group of 36 patients who had been treated with orally administrated low-dose steroids.
All patients with incomplete palsies recovered completely, regardless of the mode of treatment. In cases of complete palsy, 62% of patients recovered completely when treated with SD therapy. In contrast, 29% of the patients treated with orally administrated steroids recovered completely.
These results indicate that for patients with complete palsy SD therapy is more effective than oral steroid therapy, while patients with incomplete palsy recover completely with oral steroids. On the basis of this study, oral steroids are best used in cases of incomplete palsy unless complete palsy develops. In these latter cases, we now believe that SD therapy should be started immediately.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
SHIN MASUDA1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 71-80
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPatients with a paranasal disorder often manifest voice change. Yet, computer simulation of these nasal sounds is difficult using a nasal tract model without any branching cavity. In other words, acoustic property of the nasal tract is influenced by a coupling with the paranasal sinuses. If the transfer function of the sinus acts as a Helmholtz resonator, the resonance frequency, or "zero" point, of the sinus would be present on the acoustic spectrum of the nasal cavity. This study was designed to prove the validity of this hypothesis.
The sweep tone was given from the subjects' epipharyngeal space. The tone passed through their nasal space and radiated from the anterior nostrils. In 13 cases without nasal or paranasal disorders, the tones obtained at the nostrils were analyzed with Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and were compared between two conditions of the ostia of the maxillary sinuses, obstructed and opened with epinephrine.
The resonance frequencies of the maxillary sinuses ranged from 1 to 2kHz and varied considerably among individuals. This variation may be due to a difference in the maxillary sinus volume and in the diameter and length of the natural maxillary ostium. In past reports, in which the resonance frequency of the sinus was measured using a compound model or computed simulation, the maxillary sinus resonated below 1kHz. In these reports the ostium of the maxillary sinus was regarded as a straight pipe. However, the examination of 29 cadavers revealed that the radius of the ostium differes according to its depth. The radius in the depth halfway from the edge was narrower than that of the edge. The way of evaluating a shape of the ostium is different between the present and the past studies, thus possibly resulted in discrepancy of the resonance frequency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1283K) -
MEIHO NAKAYAMA1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 81-94
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCisplatin (CDDP) is known to have toxic effects on the inner ear. There has been numerous reports of hearing disturbances and cochlear damage following CDDP treatment, but very few concerning vestibular disturbances. In this study, guinea pigs were injected peritoneally with either 5mg/Kg or 10mg/Kg CDDP. Pathological changes were observed immediately after CDDP administration.
SEM investigation showed that exfoliation of supporting cells and destruction of cilia were extensive in the central part of the ampullae, while cells at both ends of the ampullae were rather well preserved. Cilia in the utricles were deformed but not exfoliated, and saccules were almost normal.
TEM investigation showed that type I cells were more heavily damaged than type II cells in the ampullae and utricles, as revealed by bulging of the cuticular free area and accumulation of cytoplasma in cavities. Deeper layers of cells and nerve fibers were not damaged, however. The destruction proceeds with cavities developing in mitochondria, then in the rough endoplasmic reticula and nuclear membrane. In type I cells, smaller cavities combine to form larger ones under the cuticular plate.
The findings of this study suggest that CDDP destroys enzymes, nuclear acids and protein metabolizing organelles in the cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (5765K) -
COMPARATIVE ASSAY OF 5-FU, FT, UFT, AND HCFU AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDYTADASHI NAKASHIMA, MORIMICHI MIYAGI, TETSUYA KUSUMOTO1992 Volume 95 Issue 1 Pages 95-103
Published: January 20, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemosensitivity of 23 human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (9 pharyngeal, 5 laryngeal, 5 oral cavity, 2 maxillary sinus, 1 salivary gland, 1 cervical esophagus) were examined using subrenal capsule (SRC) assays against 5-FU, FT, UFT and HCFU. Assays adequate for evaluation were obtained in 19 of 23 cases and the averages of tumor size changes on day 6 were, 17.3% for control, -0.8% for 5-FU, 10.3% for FT, -10.4% for UFT and 2.4% for HCFU. Sensitivity rates for each drug were 26.3% for 5-FU, 6.3% for FT, 38.9% for UFT and 11.1% for HCFU. To evaluate the clinical utility of these anticancer drugs, we determined the therapeutic index (TI), the ratio between tumor chemosensitivity and changes in animal body weight as a criterion for toxicity. The mean values of TI were 0.891 for control, 0.989 for 5-FU, 0.944 for FT, 1.054 for UFT and 0.980 for HCFU. UFT showed a greater antineoplastic effect as compared to the other three agents.
Immunohisochemical study of the transplanted tumors revealed a specific antigen staining pattern similar to that observed in the original human cancer tissues. Degeneration of tumor tissues in drug-treated animals was also confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Based on the results obtained from subrenal capsule assays, either by examining tumor size changes or evaluating TI, UFT proved to be the most effective of the 5-FU analogues against human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.View full abstractDownload PDF (2829K)
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