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95 巻, 6 号
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池園 哲郎, 富山 俊一1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 809-816
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーFollowing direct challenge with KLH antigen primary or secondary (after systemic immunization) to the ES (endolymphatic sac) in guinea pigs, ECoG (electrocochleograms) were recorded from the round window induced by click and tone pips. The recordings were carried out on the 2nd, 7th and 21st days after local antigen challenge.
There were no abnormal findings in the ECoG of the primary antigen challenged animals. On the other hand, prolongation of latencies, decrease in amplitudes of APs (compound action potentials) and increases in SP/AP ratios were observed in the 2nd day recordings of the secondary antigen challenged animals. However, all parameters of ECoG in the 7th day recordings were normal. Decreases in AP amplitudes were again found in the 21st day recordings. The ECoG findings with click and tone pip stimulation showed similar results.
From these findings, in conjunction with morphological observations, it is speculated that these ECoG finidings are caused by immuno-injury to the ES and cochlea, as well as the resultant endolymphatic hydrops which develops acutely and gradually subsides after secondary challenge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (568K) -
伊藤 健, 飯沼 壽孝, 加瀬 康弘, 小山 和行1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 844-850
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThe authors evaluated various head and neck lesions seen from April 1988 through March 1990 both by plain and enhanced CT, examined the incidence of rim effect (or rim enhancement), classified these effects, and discussed underlying mechanisms.
Materials consisted of 177 cases including primary tumors (28 benign and 49 malignant cases) and lymphadenopathy associated with malignancy (9 cases, metastastic nodes and malignant lymphomas), inflammatory lesions (20 cases), cystic lesions (12 cases), other lesions (7 cases, jugular thrombosis, carotid atheroma and aural lesions), and 22 cases without abnormal findings.
Among the 177 cases, rim effects were observed in 22 cases (12%). These effects were analyzed and classified.
The incidences of rim effect according lesion type are as follows; cervical lymphadenopathy associated with malignancy 5/9 (56%), primary tumors 8/77 (10%), inflammatory lesions none, cystic lesions 7/12 (58%), and others 3/7 (43%). The highest incidence was seen with cystic lesions including mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses and cervical cysts.
Rim effects were classified as follows; Type 1: cystic pattern, Type 2: parenchymatous pattern, Type 3: vascular pattern and Type 4: others.
Type 1 was seen in 15 cases (68%), Type 2 in 3 cases (14%), Type 3 in 3 cases (14%), and Type 4 in 1 case (5%). Type 1 included 6 cystic lesions, 3 malignant lymphadenopathies, 3 benign tumors and others. Type 2 included 2 malignant lymphadenopathies and 1 benign tumor, and Type 3, 2 jugular thromboses and 1 carotid atheroma. There was only one Type 4, a cystic lesion. Of interest is the mode of incidences among cervical lymphadenopathies associated with malignancy. Accessory chains showed rim effects in 3/7, all Type 1, and jugular chains in 2/13, all Type 2. The mechanism underlying the rim effects was discussed and the vascularity of the peripheral rims of the lesions appeared to be the most important factor in addition to technical artifacts inherent in CT.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1769K) -
慢性副鼻腔炎罹患症例について芦原 誠, 大森 琢也, 西村 忠郎, 酒井 正雄, 永津 郁子1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 851-859
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーTaurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) and carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) are found in large quantities in the olfactory epithelium and bulb. Taurine is a structurally simple amino acid, and has been reported to have several putative roles, such as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neurogrowth factor and to function in membrane stabilization. Carnosine, on the other hand, has been suggested as a putative neurotransmitter in the olfactory system. We have succeeded in visualizing taurine-and carnosine-like immunoreactivities (LI) in the human olfactory mucosa, and also carnosine-LI in the human olfactory bulb. For this investigation, we collected specimens of the human olfactory bulb by autopsy and from the olfactory mucosa by biopsy, and compared localization of taurine-and carnosine-LI in several cases. By means of biopsy using Nakano's forceps, samples of olfactory mucosa were obtained from 5 cases: a 17 year old female, 23 year old male, 46 year old male, 47 year old male, and a 57 year old male. The olfactory bulb of a 1 month old male was collected at autopsy. These specimens were processed for immunohistochemical study according to the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In the olfactory epithelium, taurine-LI was demonstrated in some primary olfactory neurons, and in basal cells. Carnosine-LI was observed only in primary olfactory neurons, i.e, dendrites, vesicles and axonal bundles of olfactory receptor cells, but not in basal cells. In the olfactory bulb, the olfactory nerve layer and the glomelular layer showed carnosine-LI positive reactions. Therefore, taurine and carnosine may possibly coexist in some olfactory neurons. Olfactory receptor cells are classified as sensory neurons. Considerable evidence indicates that they are continually replaced throughout adult life by proliferative basal cells. Taurine in the basal cells and the olfactory receptor cells may play certain roles in cell growth and differentiation. Nerve growth functions of taurine have already been reported in certain portions of the central nervous system. The existence of carnosine in the nerve terminals of the olfactory bulb supports the concept that this peptide is a putative neurotransmitter in olfactory neurons. The pattern of taurine staining demonstrated in our study is highly compatible with this theory.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2750K) -
平良 晋一, 奥田 稔, 大里 外誉郎, 水野 文雄1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 860-868
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーTo evaluate the relations between salivary gland tumors and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the levels of EBV-related antibodies were examined, and detection of EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) and EBVDNA in tumor tissue was attempted by the anti-complement immunofluorescence technique and polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
The mean VCA-IgG antibody level was increased to 925 (80-2560) in Warthin's tumor, 496(40-2560) in mucoepidermoid tumor, and 206 (40-640) in pleomorphic adenoma. The positive rate of EA-IgG was high in Warthin's and mucoepidermoid tumors. VCA-IgA antibody was positive in 2 of the 7 cases of Warthin's tumor. EA-IgA antibody was negative in all cases.
EBVDNA was detected in 7 of the 7 cases of Warthin's tumor, 3 of the 5 cases of mucoepidermoid tumor, and 2 of the 26 cases of pleomorphic adenoma. A relationship between Warthin's tumor and EBV was suggested by the 100% detection rate of the viral DNA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1855K) -
矢島 洋1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 869-877
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThere are many patients with allergic rhinitis who have no lower airway symptoms. The question arises as to whether or not the lower airway is involved in such cases, but the results of investigations in this field remain controversial.
To answer this question, I performed various respiratory function tests in patients with perennial nasal allergy or pollinosis with or without a history of bronchial asthma. In addition, physiological changes in lower airway lesions were evaluated after challenge with antigen and histamine in these patients. In the present study, respiratory function was examined by autospirometry and the following results were obtained.
1. The group with perennial nasal allergy and a history of bronchial asthma showed significantly lower FEV1.0%, PER, %VC, V75, V50, and V25 values than the group with perennial nasal allergy without history of bronchial asthma, indicating an obstructive lesion in the lower airway. The group with perennial nasal allergy alone showed lower V75, V50, and V25 values than the control group, suggesting small airway obstruction.
2. The group with perennial nasal allergy and a history of bronchial asthma showed marked hypersensitivity in the lower airway after histamine inhalation. The group with perennial nasal allergy alone showed marked changes in V75, V50, and V25: the degree was between that of the control group and that in the group with a history of asthma.
3. In patients with pollinosis, various respiratory function tests showed no abnormalities during the in-season of pollinosis and the out-seasons. However, inhalation of antigen or histamine decreased various parameters, significantly V55 and V25, during the symptomatic season. These findings suggest that reactivity was also increased in patients with pollinosis during the inseason in not only the nasal mucosa but also the lower airway, especially the small airway, even when lower airway symntoms were absent.
Obstructive lesions in small airways, called the silent zone, seemed to be present in patients with symptoms of nasal allergy or pollinosis even when lower airway symptoms such as bronchial asthma were not observed. These changes were especially marked in patients with perennial nasal allergy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (701K) -
八木 昌人1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 878-890
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study was performed to elucidate the anatomic variations of the jugular fossa (JF) on the basis of examination of 120 human temporal bones. Observations were made of temporal bones sectioned along a plane including the cochlea, the JF, and long axis of the internal auditory canal.
The position of the upper margin of the JF was classified according to its relation to the tympanic cavity, the cochlea, and the internal auditory canal.
The height of the upper margin of the JF was classified as follows. Low type; inferior to the level of the external auditory canal. Middle type; between the level of the external auditory canal and the cochlea. High type; superior to the level of the cochlea.
The results revealed that 58 ears were of low type, 46 middle type, and 16 high type. Middle and high type comprised 62 ears, thus in 52% of ears the upper margin of the JF was situated superior to the external auditory canal.
The relation between the JF and the cochlea was classified as follows. Medial type; medial to the medial margin of the cochlea. Lateral type; lateral to the medial margin of the cochlea.
The results showed that 74 ears were of medial type, and 46 lateral type. Therefore, in 62% of ears the upper margin of the JF was situated medial to the medial margin of the cochlea. Fortyseven ears of medial type were of middle or high type. Ears of lateral type included none of high type.
The jugular bulb diverticulum was observed in 32 ears, which consisted of 3 of low type, 13 middle type, 16 high type. When the upper margin of the JF was positioned higher, the JF was in a more medial position. However, no defect of the bony labyrinth was observed. In conclusion, it is considered that protrusion of the jugular bulb into the tympanic cavity was not caused by the abnormally high position of the JF, but by its lateral displacement.
Distances from the JF to the surrounding structures were as follows; to the tympanic membrane 5.58±2.43mm (mean±S.D.), to the tympanic cavity 2.94±1.92mm, to the cochlea 4.93±2.20mm, and the internal auditory canal 5.82±2.38mm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5406K) -
峯田 周幸, 酒井 丈夫, 鈴木 郁子, 国本 幹乃, 佐藤 守彦, 安原 秋夫, 石崎 久義, 森田 浩史, 野末 道彦1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 891-897
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーWe report a case of fatal transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (GVHD) that developed in a patient with laryngeal cancer. After a 39.6Gy irradiation dose, total laryngectomy with right radical neck dissection was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. However, seven days after blood transfusion, high fever (38.5°C) suddenly appeared. On the ninth day, watery diarrhea and facial erythema were observed. On the 12th day, liver disturbance and pancytopenia developed. The patient died on the 16th day because of overwhelming sepsis.
Transfusion-associated GVHD has a mortality rate of more than 90%. Therefore, the most important procedure for preventing GVHD is the use of irradiated blood products. Furthermore unnecessary blood transfusion should be avoided.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2629K) -
鍋島 みどり1992 年 95 巻 6 号 p. 898-903
発行日: 1992/06/20
公開日: 2008/03/19
ジャーナル フリーNasal airflow resistance was measured in order to study physiological changes in the upper airway before and after adenoidectomy. The posterior method was better for measuring the state of the posterior portion of the nasal cavity, as compared with the anterior method. The posterior method was modified by improving the pressure piece, the size of which had been inadequate for insertion into a child's mouth. A positive correlation was found between the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio examined on X-ray film and the nasal airflow resistance both before and after surgery. Also there was a positive correlation between the weight of the resected adenoids and nasal airflow resistance preoperatively. Nasal airflow resistance was found to be significantly higher in patients who snored, breathed by mouth or had nocturnal breathing disorders than in those without these symptoms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (899K)
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