Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
Volume 99, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • YOSHIKI KURODA, KAZUMI MAKISHIMA, TAKUYA SUGIMOTO
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 353-360,473
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The proliferative activity of tumors and the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein were investigated in 86 salivary neoplasms (54 pleomorphic adenomas and 32 malignant tumors), and in 17 normal salivary glands. Numbers of cells that stained positive to anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody and the nucleolar organizer region associated protein (AgNOR) were used as an index of the proliferative activity. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1) PCNA-positive and AgNOR-positive cells were elevated in malignant tumors relative to pleomorphic adenomas and normal salivary glands. 2) Salivary gland tissue around the pleomorphic adenoma with high proliferative activity demonstrated higher activity than normal gland tissue. 3) The proliferation of pleomorphic adenoma was not affected by the age or size of the tumors. 4) Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was not observed in pleomorphic adenoma and normal gland but was observed in malignant tumors. 5) In one case of a carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma, the pleomorphic adenoma region also revealed c-erbB-2 positive cells.
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  • COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH ARALDITE AND UNICRYL EMBEDDED SECTIONS
    YOICHI OGATA, NORMA B. SLEPECKY
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 361-369,473
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An improved method for embedding specimens in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, a water soluble polymer, was used to prepare the vestibular end-organs of the inner ear. Staining of the tissue sections of PEG embedded specimens with antibodies to α-tubulin and to calmodulin was compared with staining of tissue sections of Araldite and Unicryl embedded specimens. PEG embedded sections revealed sensitive immunocytochemical labeling with excellent morphological resolution. The problems of embedding and orienting small specimens of the inner ear in PEG are described and the methods used to solve them are described.
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  • ANZHOU TANG, MASAHARU URA, MASAYUKI YAMAUCHI, YUTAKA NODA
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 370-378,473
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes in cochlear blood flow (CoBF) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in a pressureinduced animal model of acoustic neuroma were examined. A suboccipital approach was used to expose the right cerebello-pontine angle in guinea pigs. Under surgical microscope, the bundle of nerves and vessels at the entrance of the internal auditory meatus was exposed without retraction. The two pressure points, one anterior to and the other posterior to the center of the bundle were separately compressed by a pressure probe (1mm in diameter). CoBF from the basal turn or second turn of the right cochlea was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. ABR was recorded from the electrodes placed on the vertex and the right mastoid process. With compression, the changes in CoBF and ABR were found in a total of 19 animals. We classified these changes into three types based mainly on CoBF. In type I (n=9), an increase rather than a decrease of CoBF was noted, and an increase in the I-II inter-peak latency with a decrease in the amplitudes of wave II-IV in ABR were observed. Those changes were mainly attributed to the blockage of cochlear nerve. In type II (n=6), CoBF was completely stopped and all waves of ABR disappeared during compression. This suggested the presence of cochlear ischemia. After relaxation of compression both CoBF and ABR recovered, but I-II inter-peak latency remained delayed. CoBF in type III (n=4) decreased and then slowly recovered. In type III, all waves transiently disappeared, and wave I reappeared with recovery of CoBF. The changes in type III were caused by damage to both the artery and the nerve. In addition, the changes in CoBF and ABR were closely related to the pressure points. The changes in type I were often found in compression of the anterior pressure point, whereas the changes in type II are associated with the posterior pressuring point (p<0.05). The results indicate that the cochlear nerve or the internal auditory artery is more susceptible to damage by compression of an anterior or posterior pressure point, and that the compression position is an important determinant in the type of auditory dysfunction and the degree of hearing loss.
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  • MASAKO NOTOYA, SHIGETADA SUZUKI, MITSURU FURUKAWA, YOZO OKABE
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 379-384,473
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The auditory training course of a 3-year-5-month-old child with acquired deafness who received a Nucleus 22 channel implant is reported. Soon after switching it on, her response was not very clear. There was good subsequent progress in auditory discrimination, whereas the patient's major communication strategy preoperatively had been manual, lip-reading, and written language. Her vowel discrimination score reached 100% in 8 months. The patient's articulation and speech intonation has also improved, and her auditory reception of environmental sounds has also shown relative improvement.
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  • EISAKU HIGUCHI, KEIJI IIZUKA, HIDEAKI SHOUDA, NORIHITO TAKEICHI
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 385-394,475
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An analysis of 74 patients with laryngeal cancer treated between February 1985 and July 1995 is presented. Their mean age was 64 years, and the male to female ratio was 14: 1. There were 48 cases of the glottic type, 21 cases of the supraglottic type, 2 cases of the subglottic type, and 3 cases of the transglottic type. Histopathologically. there were 72 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Cervical lymph node metastasis was detected in 12 cases (16%). The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in supraglottic carcinoma was significantly higher (p<0.01) than that in glottic carcinoma. There were 12 cases of second primary cancers. The location of the lesions was as follows: lung, 4; esophagus, 2; stomach, 2; prostate, 2; liver, 1; and gingiva, 1. Radical radiotherapy was performed in 52 cases; the local control rate was 98%, and the recurrence rate was 20%. Combined radiotherapy and total laryngectomy or laryngectomy alone was performed in 23 cases, and the recurrence rate was 23%. The recurrence rate for glottic carcinoma after initial therapy was 13%, supraglottic carcinoma 38%, subglottic carcinoma 100% and transglottic carcinoma 33%. Five-year total survival and cause-specific survival rate were 69% and 82%, respectively. Five-year cause-specific survival rates according to subsite were 95% for glottic carcinoma, 69% for supraglottic carcinoma, 0% for subglottic carcinoma, and 50% for transglottic carcinoma. The survival rate in glottic carcinoma was significantly better (p<0.05) than in supraglottic carcinoma. These results led us to establish the following guidelines for the treatment of laryngeal cancer: for T1 or T2 cases of the glottic type, radiotherapy is recommended first; for T3 or T4 cases of the glottic type, total laryngectomy after radiation therapy is recommended; for T1 or T2N0 cases of the supraglottic type, radiotherapy is recommended first; for T2N (+) or T3 or T4 cases of the supraglottic type, total laryngectomy after radiation therapy is recommended. If cervical lymph node metastasis is presently, neck dissection is necessary.
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  • NUCLEAR ANTIGEN (PCNA) AND MIB-1 IN EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA AND DYSPLASIA OF THE VOCAL CORDS
    MAKOTO URANO, SHIGENOBU IWATA, AKIHIKO TAKASU, SHIGEKI MORI, KAZUO SAK ...
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 395-401,475
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the proliferative activities in epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia of the human vocal cords as precancerous lesions, using immunohistochemical staining with anti-PCNA and MIB-1 (anti-Ki-67) monoclonal antibody.
    The series for this study consisted of nine patients with hyperplasia, 12 with mild dysplasia, ten with moderate dysplasia, eight with severe dysplasia, eight with vocal cord polyps, and 14 with invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
    The following results were obtained:
    1) The mean PCNA labeling index was 1.12±1.05 (MEAN±STD%) in polyp, 4.88±2.02 in hyperplasia, 2.76±1.76 in mild dysplasia, 3.80±2.03 in moderate dysplasia, 6.12±3.01 in severe dysplasia, and 19.07±10.37 in invasive cancer.
    2) The mean MIB-1 positive rates were 5.50±2.47 (MEAN±STD%) in polyp, 13.08±6.86 in hyperplasia, 16.55±7.34 in mild dysplasia, 15.94±6.73 in moderate dysplasia, 21.43±8.16 in severe dysplasia, and 41.48±14.05 in invasive cancer.
    In cases of hyperplasia, dysplasia and invasive cancer, PCNA labeling index values and MIB-1 positive rates increased in proportion to the histological atypical grade increasing. Some lesions which recurred or progressed to cancer were found show high expression of PCNA and MIB-1.
    In cancer cases, there was no significant correlation between the PCNA labeling index, MIB-1 positive rates and either the degree of tumor cell differentiation or the T-classification.
    There was a positive correlation between the PCNA labeling index and MIB-1 positive rates among all cases.
    In this study, those cases showing a high PCNA labeling index and/ or MIB-1 positive rates may indicate the possibility of recurrence or progression to malignancy in precancerous lesions of the vocal cords.
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  • JUN MARUYAMA, HIROSHI ARITOMO, SHOKO INAKI, JOJI KOBAYASHI, NAOAKI YAN ...
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 402-410,475
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Epidemiological and bacteriological studies were made on 164 infants less than 1 year old with acute otitis media (OMA) treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital between January 1991 and December 1993. The patients consisted of 101 males (61.6%) and 63 females (38.4%). Compared with the general population in Matsuyama city, the preponderance of male patients with OMA is statistically significant at the level of P=0.05. In infants less than 1 year old males are likely to be more susceptible to OMA than females. One hundred and four patients among the 164 (63.4%) were referred by pediatricians. Fever was the most common symptom (57.9%) and the next was otorrhea (19.5%). Between the patients younger than 6 months (younger group) and those 6 months old or older (older group) there were epidemiological diffierences which were statistically significant at the level of P=0.05. The older group contained 128 patients (78.0%) and the younger group 36 (22.0%). The difference in incidence between the two groups indicates that infants 6 months old or older are more susceptible to OMA than those younger than 6 months. In the older group 76.6% of the patients had bilateral OMA, while in 38.9% of those in the younger group the OMA was bilateral. In infants 6 months old or older bilateral involvement and, in contrast, in infants younger than 6 months unilateral involvement was more frequent. The period needed to cure OMA was confirmed for 179 ears of 106 patients. For 80 (44.7%) of the 179 ears the period extended beyond 4 weeks. Seventy-five of the 80 ears were those of patients in the older group. OMA in the older group tended to be more resistant to treatment.
    The middle ear secretion of 117 ears was examined bacteriologically. Specimens were collected from middle ear effusion of 99 ears following myringotomy and from otorrhea in 18 ears. Cultures of 68 specimens were positive for one species of bacteria and 13 cultures yielded two species. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Haemophilus influenzae were the three most common microorganisms in middle ear effusion. But it was considered that S. spidermidis was not pathogenic and was a result of contamination. In otorrhea S. aureus was frequently found. No difference in the results of bacteriological study was noted between the two groups.
    Transplacental IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are known to decrease after birth and their serum levels are lowest between ages 6 months and 1 year. Then the serum levels of the immunoglobulins increase gradually with active production until age 4 years. The incidence and period of restitution of OMA in infants less than 1 year old in the present study seem to reflect the above Change in the serum levels of IgG1 and IgG2 mentioned.
    Based on the above results emphasis is placed on close cooperation between the otolaryngologist and the pediatrician in the treatment of OMA in an infant less than 1 year old. Particularly careful follow-up is important in patients in the older age group because they tend to be more susceptible to OMA and the disease is more resistant to treatment.
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  • MUTSUMI KUGA, MINORU IKEDA
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 411-416,475
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes in gustatory thresholds were examined in 30 healthy volunteers by conducting electrogustometry and the filter-paper disc method, three times with a 4 week or longer interval. Gustatory thresholds, obtained from either method, notably decreased in the second and the third examination in many subjects. In chronological observations by using the electrogustometry, changes of 6 dB or less in the chorda tympani nerve area or 8 to 10 dB less in the glossopharyngeal nerve area were considered to be not significant. In the filter-paper disc method, the threshold changes with one concentration grade of test solution were observed at high frequency, while the threshold changes with two concentration grades or more were very rare, however all changes were significant In the filter-paper disc method, changes of the gustatory threshold in one or two kinds of tastes were relatively frequently observed. However, the gustatory thresholds of three or four kinds of tastes rarely changed simultaneously even by one concentration grade of those taste solutions. If such multiple changes of the taste thresholds occur, even when each taste threshold changed only by one concentration grade, it was as a significant change.
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  • MUCOSA: 10 AUTOPSY CASES
    HIROMI NAGAI
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 417-431,477
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The epipharynx lies between the nasal cavity and the mesopharynx, which is behind the oral cavity. It is a conduit for respired air, contributes to the equalization of pressure within the middle ear space via the eustachian tube and is closed by the soft palate during swallowing of food and fluid. It acts as a drainage channel for the mucous secreted by the nose and the glands within the epipharynx area. Various exchanges of the epipharyngeal mucosa occur because of the function of the epipharynx. In this study, distribution of the 3 types of epithelium in the epipharynx, which are ciliated, transitional and squamous epithelium, was investigated. The specimens of the mucosa with the bony wall of the epipharynx were collected from 10 autopsy cadavers at, (6 males and 4 females, aged from 37 to 83 years). Distribution of the 3 types of epithelium differed with the type, but there was no marked difference between the right and left halves of the epipharynx. Therefore, the distribution pattern was investigated by drawing superimposed geographical schemata of the epithelia, which were confirmed histologically in all 10 cases. The results obtained were as follows. On the superior-posterior wall, the squamous epithelium was invaginated into an area of the ciliated epithelium just like islands or bands in the nasal side and the epithelia of all 3 types were mixed in the mesopharyngeal side.
    The lateral wall was covered with a mixture of ciliated and transitional epithelia on the nasal side from the posterior lip of the eustachian tube and with a mixture of transitional and squamous epithelia on its mesopharyngeal side.
    The inferior wall was covered mostly with ciliated epithelium on the nasal side and with squamous epithelium on the mesopharyngeal side from Passavant's ridge. The transitional epithelium was distributed like an island between the areas of the ciliated and squamous epithelia in the lateral wall.
    The clearly definite schema of the 3 types of epithelium in the epipharynx, reported by Ali, has been generally accepted. However, the 3 types appeared as a mosaic or an island in the epipharyngeal wall and their distribution pattern was different in each individual.
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  • YOSHIE INOUE, TSUNEO INOUE, YASUO TANAKA
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 432-444,477
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Small dip-shaped hearing loss may be frequently observed on Bekesy audiograms in ears without any hearing loss on pure tone audiograms. Hearing tests and otoacoustic emission measurements were performed in club member of 2 senior high schools (K-D School and S-D School), in order to determine any relationship between inner ear impairments and the small dips on Bekesy audiograms.
    In the kendo, soccer, tennis and orchestral music clubs of K-D School micro-dips in depth over 10 dB were found to have incidences between 40% and 53%, and the micro-dips were distributed in frequencies above 5 kHz. In the of kendo, tennis, brass band and tea ceremony clubs of S-D School the incidences of micro-dips ears were between 30% and 48%, and the micro-dips tended to be distributed in higher frequencies except in the tea ceremony club. The micro-dips in the ears of the tea ceremony club members were distributed over all the frequencies examined, but most of them disappeared when counted for dip size above 15 dB remaining an ear at 7.5 kHz. Incidences of earphone or headphone users as a hobby were in the range of 30 to 70% in members of all clubs. There were no characteristic findings of clubs in the incidences of the earphone or headphone users. The degree of association between the micro-dip ears and the use of earphone or headphone was low.
    C-EOAEs which had a 6 ms or longer duration of evoked otoacoustic emissions were detected with an incidence of 40 to 65% and there was a significant association between the micro-dip ears and the C-EOAE ears. Incidences of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were between 26% and 28% in all clubs and there were differences in the incidences between sexes. The frequency distribution of the spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were remarkably different to that of the micro-dips. To determine whether the C-EOAEs express a predisposition to inner ear susceptibility to noiseinduced hearing loss and to ascertain that the micro-dip is a precursor notice to noise-induced hearing loss, further follow-up surveys are needed.
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  • KAZUO WATANABE
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 445-453,477
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was concerned with the effect of the speech rate converter, invented by cooperation of NHK Science and technical research laboratories with the ENT Department, Tokyo Medical College.
    The converter can make the speech rate up to 1.6 times slower with little change in voice quality and personal features, so that the spoken language can be easily understood especially by aged people and foreigners.
    The test sentences consisted of 40 frequently used conversational sentences and 40 synthesized sentences, and were read by a female announcer at a rate of approximately 500 moras/minute and recorded on a DAT tape. Twenty-one subjects, with the average age of 77.4 years, were instructed to listen to each of the 20 sentences at the original speech rate and at the converted rate, and to repeat the sentences. In order to reduce the learning effect, these 40 sentences were randomized in speech rate and the order of presentation. The average loudness of these sentences was the most comfortable level for each subject. The results of this test showed that the correct answer rate for the converted rate sentences was significantly higher than for the original speech rate.
    Another test was performed to study the difference in remembering the sentences between the original rate and the converted rate. This study revealed that a sentence at the converted rate was more easily understood and could be easily memorized.
    At present this device can be triggered by the incoming sound. Therefore, it is impossible to use it in a very noisy situation. In addition, the output is a little later than input, so the input voice is completely excluded from the ear canal when the device is used as a hearing aid. However, it can be used for a broadcast by mean of a special channel and for voices reproduced on a tape recorder, and this would be helpful for aged people.
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  • AS COMPARED WITH MAST CELL-DEFICIENT MICE, DETERMINED WITH AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT
    MASAKO WATANABE, KOHJI ASAKURA, HIROKO SAITO, AKIKATSU KATAURA
    1996 Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 454-463,477
    Published: March 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We performed general and topical sensitization by ovalbumin in wild type, WBBFI6-+/+ (+/+), mice and mast cell-depleted type, WBBFI6-W/Wv (W/W)v, mice. Although both mice showed almost equal PCA liters, W/Wv mice showed a lower level of antigen-induced eosinophilia, and more significant nasal symptoms and histamine hypersensitivity than +/+ mice. Antigen-induced increased levels of histamine and IL-5 in nasal lavage fluid were noted in +/+ mice. Cyclosporin A pre-treatment inhibited the antigen-induced nasal symptoms, nasal eosinophilia and increased levels of histamine and IL-5 in nasal lavage fluid in the +/+ mice. The PCA titer was not affected by the treatment in either kind of mouse.
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