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57 巻, 1 号
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広戸 幾一郎, 平野 実, 豊住 頼一, 進 武幹1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 1-9
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーThe function of the larynx is divided into the following three: 1) phonation, 2) opening and closure of glottis during respiration, 3) prevention of entrance of food into respiratory tract during deglutition. In regard to the three functions of the larynx, the specificity of laryngeal muscles was studied from the standpoints of comparativee anatomy and electromyography.
1) hylogenetically speaking, the primary function of the cricothyroid is nothing but the phonation.
2) The cricothyroid is electromyographically in tonic contraction during respiration in order to help maintaining fixation both the thyroid and the cricoid cartilages and the patency of glottis.
3) Dring deglutition, however, the cricothyroid relaxes to allow the reduction of diameter of glottis, namely the muscle plays a passive role during deglutition.
4) The contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the strongest among the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during respiration and its slight contraction is observed even during expiration apd phonation. It means that the function of the abductor is primarily a respiratory one to open the glottis and secondly the phonatory to make the vocalcord tense.
5) Among the intrinsic adductors, the function of lateral cricoarytenoid may be more dominant than the interarytenoid, because the former's electromyographical discharge is stronger than the lather's during phonation and anatomically the interarytenoid does not always lie both arytenoids, but it is divided into two muscles, for instance in the case of dogs.
From tfe facts described above, the essential function of laryngeal muscles in terms of their specificity is as follows: the external adductor or tensor is the phonatory muscle, the abductor is the respiratory muscle and the internal adductors are the phonato-preventive.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (12015K) -
―Cervical Syndrom発現機構についての一考察―檜 学, 黒沢 吏1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 10-20
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーIt was found by the authors that in cases where 1% procaine solution was injected into nape muscles in normal subjects, vertiginous attacks as indicated by a sensation of sway of the body and “blacking out” were observed, accompanying with nausea and vomiting. The phenomenon mentioned above was evidently presented in case of applying the solution to deep nape muscles such as M. rectus capitis dorsalis major et minor, M. obliques atlantis and M. transversoocclpltalls. Whereas when the same procedure was carried out in superficial nape muscles such as M. trapezius and M. splenius, no sign of demonstrable disequilibrium nor any of disturbances of the vegetative reactions was observed. As to M. sternocleidomastoideus, it should be stressed here that when the procaine solution was applied to the muscle on one side and in a specific portion, i. e, in the origin of the muscle, the disequilibrium previously described was often observed, but it was not so marked as that in the case of deep nape muscles.
By employing “Active head rotation test” devised by the authors as well as Romberg test, the authors were able to demonstrate the vertiginous attacks in the cases at hand as incoordination of the eye and head movements in case of active head rotation and a positive Romberg sign respectively.
It is quite possible to say that the phenomenon mentioned above is considered to be caused on account of suddenly occured disturbances in the central nervous system, especially in the brain stem, which would be caused by ablation of impluses originating from y system in the muscles previously described, and that according to the investigations hitherto described, the ablation of impluses mentioned above should be presented by the injection of procaine solution mentioned.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1514K) -
―序論―太田 文彦, 柳原 尚明, 杉山 治美1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 21-27
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーStudies on the tubal function have gained much more importance in recent years, because the good tubal function was proved to be one of key point to attain satisfactory result of the reconstructive surgery of the sound conductive system. Although several different methods to evaluate the tubal function have been described, the Eustachian air douche is a most popular clinical procedure to examine the patency of the tube even in these days. Concerning the acoustical properties of the blowing sound, objective analysis has not hardly be made and the true meaning of subjective descriptions regarding to the auscultated sound has not hardly be known. This is the reason why the authors designed to study the acoustical properties of the tubal blowing sound.
As a preliminary experiment, the ordinal procedure of the Eustachian air douche was examined from the acoustical viewpoint. The frequency response characteristics of a standard otoscope was measured as illustrated in Fig. 1. The blowing sound recorded through an otoscope had not any acoustic component above 2kc, which was clearly seen by the soundspectrogram shown in Fig. 2. According to these results, an otoscope in general use was thought to be an acoustical band pass filter, and the inf ormations gained by the auscultation was limited by this frequency characteristics of the otoscope. In order to obtain more extended acoustic component, the authors devised the pick-up and recording method of the blowing sound and performed the soundspectrographic analysis of the recorded sound. The blockdiagram and the frequency response curve of this method were illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4a respectively. It was shown by these figures that the author's method was more favourable to obtain acoustical informations of the tubal blowing sound as compared with the method using otoscope.
The narrow band soundspectrogram and wide band soundspectrogram of a normal blowing sound recorded by the auther's method were presented in Figs 5 a and 5b. The noise pattern up to about 4kc which had at least two main resonant frequency bands, was found to be characteristics of the normal blowing sound.
Several representative abnormal patterns were demonstrated. A characteristic bar illustrated in Fig. 6-a was marked in the case of tubal obstruction. A distinguished vertical striped pattern as shown in Fig. 7 was obtained in the case of tubo-typanal catarrh. Generaly, narrow band soundspectrogram provided more distinctive abnormal pattern.
The spectrum of the blowing sound was found to be another clue for the evaluation of the tubal patency. As an example, the pattern obtained in the case of patulous Eustachian tube was illustrated in Fig. 8. The resonant frequency band around 1kc which was one of characteristics of the normal pattern, could not be recognized in this figure.
Further investigations concerning the orign of the resonant frequency band and the abnormal features will be made to establish the clinical importance of this acoustical method, The availability of the author's method for the evaluation of the tubal function will be discussed in more datails comparing the results of other examinations on the tubal function in the following papers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (12795K) -
―兎大腦皮質脳波, nystagmogenic zone脳波の観察―時田 喬, 青木 茂, 米倉 英明1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 28-37
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーThe authors have demonstrated that one of the most important roles of the vestibular labyrinth is to facilitate the optokinetic reflex and to back up visual perception. In this report, the central mechanism of optic-vestibular coordination during nystagmus was examined. Namely, electroencephalograms in the occipital area and in the nystagmogenic zone in the mesodiencephalon in rabbits, compared with optokinetic, labyrinthine and optokinetic-labyrinthine nystagmus, were observed. Pure optokinetic stimuli were given to rabbits by means of rotation of a large cylinder. Pure labyrinthine stimuli were given to rabbits with eyes covered by means of rotation of the Bárány's chair. Regular optokinetic labyrinthine stimuli were given to rabbits with eyes opened by means of rotation of the chair in the large cylinder. The observations were performed under no anesthesia. The following results were obtained.
1. Pure labyrinthine stimuli by means of chair rotation with an angular acceleration of 1°/sec2. induced desynchronization of EEG of the occipital area. When labyrinthine stimuli were added to optokinetic stimuli, the labyrinth favours the optokinetic nystagmus with the activation of the brain stem reticular formation.
2. The electrical activity of the nystagmogenic zone increased markedly by pure optokinetic stimuli and increased slightly by pure labyrinthine stimuli. And the most marked increasing was observed by optokinetic labyrinthine stimuli. These findings suggest that the nystagmogenic zone plays important roles as a center of optokinetic nystagmus circuit and as a place of optic-labyrinthine integration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1577K) -
豊田 厚二, 林 清弘, 木村 知郎, 中村 正三1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 38-50
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーFive typical cases of unilateral malingering claiming a disability insurance were described.
Unreliable history, unreasonable shift of the audiometric curve, inconsistent results of the TTS test and an absence or an abnormal pattern of shadow hearing gave us the first clue to be alert for the possibility of malingering in all cases (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4).
Moor's test was usually negative, but some malingerers responded with increase in the bone conduction threshold when the external auditory meatus of the worse ear stopped up with a plug (Fig. 5).
Stenger's test was positive in all cases. Using the modified Stenger-Weiland test, it was possible to measure air conduction threshold of the worse ear in cases of unilateral aggravated or simulated deafness. In this test, we tempted malingerers to deny hearing, when the sound from bilateral receivers could be heard on the worse ear and even though in the median plane. By doing this, some reasonable approximation to the true threshold was obtained (Fig. 6 A, B, C, D, F). The result was confirmed by experiments in other patients and students, and the condition necessitating noise masking was also discussed (Fig. 7 A, B, C, D).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1583K) -
高橋 宏明1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 51-56
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーWe oto-rhino-laryngologists devote ourselves to the physiological or physical study of speech mainly as the natural scientists.
In the other hand, since speech is one of the most important means of human communication its meaning is raison d'etre.
The meaning of speech, the phonemic system, has come into existence as a promise in certain linguistic society during a long period, and it cannot be a natural scientific phenomenon essentially. Therefore, the truths in certain speech belonging to a language which has a unique phonemic system are not always true in other speechs, and a phonemic system of a language itself changes gradually in process of history of the linguistic society. Besides, among a speech in an era there exist many regional differences represented as dialects, and also many minor differences which resulted during individual speech learning.
Even oto-rhino-laryngologists as natural scientists cannot neglect the above mentioned nonscientific factors either in case they are occupied in the physiological study on phonetic and articulatory mechanism or in the physical study on speech as a sound. Their final research aim will become obscure immediately if they neglect the above factor.
In conclusion, researchers of speech should have a vast viewpoint and a deep knoweldge concerning the ralated branches.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (909K) -
―斜面台検査加速度記録法に就て―北原 正章, 佐藤 利子1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 57-63
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーAs an index of “righting reflex”, head position (in space) and movements of human subjects standing on a tilting plank were continuously registered and measured by means of an unbonded straingauge-type accelerometer attached to the forehead.
Results obtained from 25 normal adults and 68 patients with vertigo were discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (873K) -
岩井 一1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 64-72
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリー1. Spiral ganglion of 13 day old chick embryo was cultivated in Rose chamber and ganglion cells were observed continuously by phasecontrast microscope.
2. The ganglion cells cultivated as long as 100 days were classified into 4 groups according their cytological features which were correlated to the recovery and maturation processes of the degenerating ganglion cells.
3. The patterns of intracytoplasmic granula formation and vacuole formation were demonstrated. Some of them were interpreted as the reversible change.
4. After reviewing the previous works in the tissue culture and animal experiment of the nervous tissue, it was suggested that the resultes of this work would be contributable to the elucidation of the various forms of the nerve cells in living organism.
This work is a part of the author's studies which have been done in Tissue culture laboratory of Northwestern University since Nov. 1961 till Nov. 1962. With the permition of Dr. G. E Shambaugh. M. D., the chief of the department of otorhinolaryngology, and of Dr. M. F Orr. Ph. D., the director of the laboratory, this paper was submitted. The acknowledgement of the author is devoted to these two great leaders.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8772K) -
永谷 憲, 中村 信三郎1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 73-76
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーInsgesamt 108 Kranken in unserer Klinik wurden von Oktober 1961 bis September 1962 mit Steroidhormonen behandelt and gate therapeutische Erfolge mit diesen Mittel bei 75 Kranken erzielt. Es scheint, als eigne sich die kombinierten Behandlungen durch den Steroidhormon and Antibiotika besonders gegen die allergischen oder exsudativen Veranderungen der chronischen Entzundung in Hals-Nasen-Ohrengebiete.
Unsere klinischen Erlebnisse mit Steroidhormonkur zeigten dass uns die Verpflichtung anerlegen, die Medikamente nur unter genauer Uberwachung fur Nebenreaktionen zu gegen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (437K) -
平野 実, 竹内 義夫1964 年 57 巻 1 号 p. 77-82
発行日: 1964/01/01
公開日: 2011/10/14
ジャーナル フリーIt is well accepted that nasality must be regarded as a matter of resonance. However the acoustical characteristics of the nasalized vowels are yet remained in spite of many investigations.
Reviewing previous investigations, the authers attempted to synthesize the nasalized vowels by modifying the normal non-nasalized vowels acoustically. Five Japanese vowels uttered by a normal subject with three different pitches were acoustically modified using a bandpass filter, and the way of modification, by which the vowels were most markedly nasalized was discussed.
It was clarified that each vowel was most markedly nasalized when the harmonic in a specific frequncy range was strengthened. This frequency range was found to vary according to vowels but not to pitches of the foundamental tone, i. e. to be ca. 800cps for vowel “u”, ca. 800cps for vowel “o”, ca. 1000cps for vowel “a”, ca. 800 to 1000cps for vowel “e”, and ca. 600cps for vowel “i”. What these facts should mean was discussed by sonagrams and it was concluded that each vowel was most markedly nasalized when the bandwidth of the first formant was increased in the direction of higher frequency range.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2210K)
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