耳鼻咽喉科臨床
Online ISSN : 1884-4545
Print ISSN : 0032-6313
ISSN-L : 0032-6313
71 巻, 5special1 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 大迫 茂人, 西田 正孝
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 529-539
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is suspected that one of the causes of congenital auditory disorders is a certain type of drug administered to a pregnant mother which hinders the development of auditory organ of the fetus. We selected 3 types of aminoglycoside antibiotics for the experimentation, namely, Kanamycin, Dideoxykanamycin B and Gentamicin to determine the influence of these drugs on rats and mice in their embryonic and infant stages.
    First, the above drugs were given subcutaneously to pregnant animals and infant animals, and by means of bioassay method, all three antibiotics were traced in the internal ears and other organs of the fetuses and infant animals. The transitional density of aminoglycoside antibiotics in the internal ear of mice and rats was considerably high.
    Next, we examined the naturally delivered newborn rats and mice to determine the Preyer's auricle reflex.
    It is our deduction that the period when the adverse effects of such antibiotics on hearing organs of the fetuses and the newborn appear most conspicuously is 10 to 14 days after birth.
  • 大迫 茂人, 時本 孝行
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 540-550
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    We analyzed the development of auditory disorders in fetuses and infants.
    The naturally delivered newborn rats that had ingested antibiotics through their mothors were studied to determine Preyer's auricle reflex and the auditory vertex evoked potential. (AEP).
    Dosages of 400mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Kanamycin, 200mg/kg of Dideoxykanamycin B and 150mg/kg of Gentamicin were administered to the newborn for 7 to 10 consecutive days during five different periods between 24 hours and 40 days after their birth. The animals were anesthetized with Nembutal 30mg/kg given intraperitoneally.
    We first checked the development of hearing in the normal newborn. Their evoked potential was obtained 11 or 12 days after birth and by 16 to 20 days after birth, the value of the potential was about the same as adult rats.
    The value of auditory vertex evoked potential of newborn to which the antibiotics had been administered was then determined. During the embryonic period and newborn period of 1 to 7 days, little or no effect of the antibiotics was observed. On the other hand, administration of doses at 10 to 14 days after birth produced serious side effects. Such adverse effects were not apparent in the samples from rats given the drugs after the 16th day of birth.
    Our results indicate that the aminoglycoside antibiotics have a serious effect on the hearing of the rats around 10 to 14 days after birth.
  • 頭司 研作, 中井 義明, 張 寛正, 時本 孝行
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 551-558
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    今回我々は他覚的聴覚検査法の一種である頭頂部誘発反応を用いて, 強大音曝露及び聴器毒性薬物による影響を検索した.
    実験動物にはモルモットを使用した. 実験条件として強大音曝露には, 2000, 4000Hz, 110~120dBSPLの純音強大音10分及び1.5時間曝露し聴器毒性薬物にはナイトロミン及びフロセマイドを使用した.
    (1) 強大音曝露では, 曝露直後より反応域値は上昇しその後振巾は曝露直前値にまで減少した.
    (2) ナイトロミンでも同様に静注後振巾は増大し2日後には注射前の振巾より著るしい振巾の減少をみた.
    (3) フロセマイドでは急激な振巾の減少がみられその後漸次回復した. この現象は血管条の変化によるものと推察された.
    形態的変化のみられない時期における機能的聴覚変動を脳波聴性賑発反応にて検索した.
  • 中井 義明, 森本 明子, 張 寛正, 山中 太木, 西里 枝久子
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 559-571
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    マウスに大腸菌の内毒素リポ多糖を一定時間間隔の注射を行うことにより, 内耳に下記の如き変化が起ることが見出された.
    蝸牛ラセン器では下部回転において内外有毛細胞の変性消失, その一部では骨ラセン板内の神経線維の部分的消失をみた. 上方回転ではその変性の程度は軽度であった.
    血管条ではその細胞間隙の拡大, 構成細胞内のライソゾームの出現, 変性などが観察された.
    前庭半規管においてはその膨大部稜, 平衡斑のI型, II型感覚細胞に種々の程度の変性ならびに一部消失が観察された.
    暗細胞においてもその胞体内に大小種々の空胞増大, Infolding 間隙の拡大などがみられ内リンパ組成の変化していることも推察された.
    以上の結果より臨床上原因不明の内耳性難聴あるいは平衡障害の原因の一つとして Shwartzman 反応が付加され得る.
  • 森本 明子, 中井 義明
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 572-583
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Morphological studies were made of the otolithic membrane in its normal and pathological states in guinea pig, mice and squirrel monkey using scanning and transmission electron microscopes.
    The otolithic membrane normally consists of three layers; the first layer, situated nearest the endolymph, is an otoconial layer wherein otoconia of calcite form of varying sizes are contained; the second and third layers are made up of a gelatinoid substance which forms meshes similar to those of fibrous tissues. Sensory hairs of sensory cells were found to be in contact with these gelatin layers but not with otoconia. The two gelatin layers are considered to play the role of fixing otoconia on the macula. Electron microscopic pictures provided evidence that the dark cells of the utricle are able to absorb otoconia.
    The intratympanic cavity injection of ototoxic drugs, on the other hand, was followed by degeneration of sensory cells as well as by a reduction in or the disappearance of otoconia or the appearance of giant otoconia or mosaic like clusters of otoconia.
    Changes in the otolithic organ that were observed following loading with impact sounds were not only alterations due to excessive mechanical stimuli but also those suggestive of metabolic disturbances, e. g. irregularities of architecture of the gelatin layers and an augmentation of the accessory membrane.
    In this presentation mention was thus made of findings on morphology of the otolithic membrane and those pertinent to the metabolism of the otoconia.
  • 山崎 太朗, 中井 義明, 前田 育子
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 584-606
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The present report is concerned with 122 patients (133 ears) with chronic otitis media. These patients visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Osaka City University Medical School and underwent bacteriological examinations. In the first bacteriological examination, the most frequently detected strain was Pseudomonas (in 39 ears), followed by Proteus inconstans (in 37 ears). The prominent increases of these strains attracted our attention. Next to these two strains, Staph. aureus (in 31 ears), Staph. epidermidis (in 31 ears), Proteus mirabilis (in 29 ears) and Corynebacterium (in 19 ears) were also detected in this order of frequency. Analysis of the total bacteriological data from 215 ears including those from ears examined twice or more further clearly disclosed a great increase in Proteus inconstans and a high incidence of fungi.
    In cases where otorrhea after the acute phase of chronic otitis media persisted for shorter periods, Staph. aureus took place the other strains.
    2. Antibiotic sensitivities of bacteria in the otorrhea from patients with chronic otitis media were tested.
    1) Almost all of Staph. aureus were sensitive to cephalosporins, CP, TC, GM, CBPC and SBPC, but 23% of them were resistant against ABPC. EM, SM, KM and LCM were resistant to about 70% of the strains detected.
    2) Only few strains of P. mirabilis resisted penicillins, cephalosporins, TC and GM.
    3) Strains belonging to P. inconstans were highly sensitive to CBPC and SBPC but GM was resistant in 28% of these strains.
    4) Strains belonging to Pseudomonas showed high sensitivities to GM and CL.
    3. Colimycin F solution was used in 36 cases of chronic otitis media, and the following results were obtained.
    1) This drug was highly effective in those in whom otorrhea after the acute phase of chronic otitis media persisted for shorter periods, while the effect was inferior in those ears accompanied by the otorrhea lasting for longer periods.
    2) The efficacies were analyzed by the strains. This drug was effective for Staphylococus and is hopefully utilized for elimination of Pseudomonas. Proteus, on the other hand, did not respond to this drug in many cases. In addition, Colimycin F frequently induced growth of Proteus as a result of microbial substitution.
    4. SBPC-Rinderon solution was prepared by adding Rinderon to 5% SBPC saline solution and topically applied in the cases of chronic otitis media. It was effective in 12 out of the 15 cases (80%) without adverse reactions in any case. In some cases, however, Pseudomonas and Candida began to grow due to microbial substitution. Some countermeasures for controlling these growths must be taken when prescribing this drug.
  • 横山 俊彦, 大迫 茂人, 星野 建一
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 607-619
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of the whole-body vibration upon auditory and speech were examined in a series of eight experiments, in relation to the simultaneous existence or otherwise of noise. The 8 series of experiments consisted of; 1) measures of vibration which produced from vibratory tools and vibration environments, 2) effects of low-frequency vibration on man with the analysis of human body-mechanical vibratory system, 3) subjective responses to vibration, 4) minimum audible pressure level in dB SPL for pure tone (warble tone) and speech discrimation during exposure to vibration, 5) Temporary Threshold Shifts (TTS) produced following exposure to vibration, 6) fundamental pitch of Japanese vowels read by talkers under vibration, 7) vocal intensity and maximum phonation time read by talkers under vibration, and 8) monosyllablic word articulation and the sound spectrograms of the selected speech materials read by a talker under vibration. Talkers sitting erect were exposed to vertical sinusoidal vibration at low frequency in each of 5cps, 10cps, 15cps and 20cps in a controlled laboratory.
    As a result from these experiments, it was found that the effects of low-frequency vibration upon auditory acuity and speech quite varied; aggravated, not changed or improved by vibration condition. The effects of whole vibration upon speech may be due to the modulation of the air passing through the mouth, and due to involuntary tightening of the abdominal, thorax and larynx muscles.
  • 前田 育子, 前田 彦右ヱ門, 長浜 万蔵
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 620-624
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The sebaceous glands and the ceruminal glands exist as glandular tissues in the external acoustic meatus. Many ceruminal glands are distributed in the cartilagious portion of the external acoustic meatus and belong to apocrine glands histologically. Tumors seldom occur in the ceruminal glands.
    Recently, we experienced a case of ceruminous adenoma. A 36-year-old man visited our hospital. He complained of a feeling of fullness in the left ear and of ear pain. A diagnosis of adenoma in the left external acoustic meatus was made from the histological examination of the tumor in his left external acoustic meatus, and the tumor was extirpated. This ttissue was examined histologically, and an established diagnosis of clear cell hydroadenoma from ceruminal glands was made.
    We report the case together with some discussion with reference to the past literature, domestic and international.
  • 杉山 正夫, 前川 彦右衛門, 久保 正治
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 625-632
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The tonsil is a lymphoid tissue which is first exposed to the bacteria and virus entering the body through the nose and mouth and is considered to play an important role in the defense against these organisms. Furthermore, the tonsil is so situated that it can be influenced by conditions in the atmosphere. To elucidate the biological effects of photochemical smog oxidants on the tonsil, cell suspensions of lymphocytes from human tonsil were exposed in vitro to ozone at 5ppm for 5 minutes and examined for interferon production induced by NDV and 3H-thymidine incorporation stimulated with PHA. Rabbits were exposed in vivo to oxidants, ozone or exhaust fumes and their tonsillar lymphocytes were studied for interferon production and incorporation of 3H-thymidine in vitro. To produce oxidants, exhaust gas with CO content of 40-60ppm was irradiated by ultraviolet ray (1000μw/cm2). Rabbits were exposed to either Ozone (5ppm) for 3 hours, non-irradiated exhaust gas for 3 hours or UV-treated, oxidants containing exhaust gas (average concentration of ozone 0.5ppm) for 3 hours. The control group was raised for one week in clean air. Both the interferon production and 3H-thymidine incorporation in the human tonsil lymphocytes decreased markedly by exposure to ozone and degeneration, vacuolation and cell disruption were microscopically evident in some lymphocytes. Tonsillar lymphocytes from rabbits exposed to each gas showed only a slight significant decrease in interferon production when compared to those exposed to purified air. The tonsillar lymphocytes exposed to oxidants showed a slightly greater decrease in interferon production than those exposed to exhaust gas or ozone. As for blastoid transformation of tonsillar lymphocytes by PHA stimulation, the difference between the exposed groups and control group was not significant. Morphological changes in the rabbit tonsils were not observed by light microscopy in the control or experimental groups. The above results suggest that exposure to oxidants causes functional changes in the tonsillar lymphocytes, regardless of whether they are exposed in vitro or in vivo.
  • 山家 康嗣, 津川 善彦, 田辺 恭二, 小西 左内
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 633-647
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Efficacy of new antiinflammatory analgesic agent, 31252-S for the pain and inflammatory symptoms after tonsillectomy of children was investigated by double blind method in comparison with placebo.
    The results obtained were as follows.
    1) The effectiveness ratio was 60.5% for 31252-S, 35.6% for placebo.
    As a result of analysis of variance of the cumulative type, a significant difference was observed between the drugs (P<0.01).
    2) With respect to symptoms, a significant difference between 31252-S and placebo was observed on the 2nd day (P<0.05), as a result of canonical discriminant analysis.
    It was found that this difference in efficacy was due to the effectiveness of 31252-S on spontaneous pain, swallowing pain, redness and fever.
    3) No side effects which demanded particular attention were observed.
    The relationships among efficacy and body weight, efficacy and weight of tonsil extirpated, efficacy and blood picture were considered.
  • 久保 正治, 山本 正宏, 西田 正孝, 頭司 研作
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 648-654
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    We treated a total of 70 cases of cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth over the last 10 years. According to T classification, 16 cases fell under T1, 37 cases or the largest number of the patients under T2, and 7 cases under T3. Swelling of the cervical lymphatic glands was seen in 40 cases.
    The principal method of treatment was surgury, which was carried out in 46 cases. The combination of anti-cancer drugs, radiation and surgery was applied 28 cases and good cure rates were obtained. Of all cases, 30.4% survived for 2 years, 27.5% for 3 years, 19.4% for 5 years and 28.6% for 7 years.
  • 田中 耕一, 大迫 茂人, 黒木 哲夫, 箕輪 孝美, 嶋崎 昌義
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 655-660
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Unilateral exophthalmos is frequently complained of in the field of otorhinology, but the ethiological diagnosis is occasionally difficult. The patient herein reported visited our hospital complaining of exophthalmos and visual disturbance of the left eye. After a variety of examinations, a metastatic lesion originating from hepatic cancer was detected in the ophthalmic region. It was additionally demonstrated that a tumor growing near the left 6th-rib was also the result of metastasis from the hepatic cancer.
  • 大迫 茂人
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 661-670
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, endoscopic studies in the field of the otorhinolarygnology have been developed from the viewpoint of diagnostic information and therapeutic procedures under the various endoscopies (bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, laryngoscopy, mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy etc.).
    Specific characteristics of various endoscopic studies are important from the standpoint of the histological examination. New flexible fiberscopes are a remarkable improvement over the rigid (hollow metal tube) endoscopes heretofore in use, but fiberscopes lack convenience facilities in therapeutic procedures.
    The various examinations done prior to endoscopy including Roentogenogram, electrocardiogram and other clinical examinations become increasingly mandatory. As specific methods in the above examinations, computarized axial tomography, endoscopic diagnosis with toluidine blue staining and tantalum bronchography are emphasized.
    During biopsy, the careful use of forceps or brush are important for preventation of complications and accidents.
    Care after biopsy: (1) prevention against scattering and loss of the specimen (2) immediate fixation of the specimen with the appropriate fixative.
    Care in microscopy: (1) a thorough knowledge of the tissue in both normal and abnormal conditions. (2) the significance and application of specific staining (3) the electron-microscopic knowledge of the various diseases, namely, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell anaplastic carcinoma and carcinoid etc.
    In a biopsy using endoscopy, the specimens are exceptionally small and are easily destroyed, therefore findings in the electron-microscopic study on the specimen are significant for diagnosing diseases in this field.
  • 久保 正治, 西田 正孝, 山崎 太朗, 前田 育子, 小林 庸次, 福岡 正博
    1978 年 71 巻 5special1 号 p. 671-680
    発行日: 1978/05/15
    公開日: 2011/11/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mediastinoscopy was carried out in 45 patients with lung mediastinal disease in the period from February, 1967 to December, 1974. Histopathological examination revealed sarcoidosis in 10 out of the 45 cases. All the specimens were obtained from the paratracheal lymph nodes by means of biopsy, 7 specimens from the right side and 3 from the left.
    The surface of the lesions endoscopically looked bluish purple in 6 cases and light red in 4 cases. Adhesion to the surrounding tissues was minimum and the lesions were easily detached.
    Based on the histopathological findings, sarcoidal granuloma were classified into two groups; fresh and old lesions. Namely, 5 were fresh, dense, nodal lesions consisting of epitheloid cells, and 4 were old, loose, nodal lesions with advanced hyaline fibrosis. The remaining 1 was between the two. Detection of asteroid bodies was rapid, while that of Scahumann bodies was not so readily facilitated.
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