Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica
Online ISSN : 1884-4545
Print ISSN : 0032-6313
ISSN-L : 0032-6313
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Volume 75, Issue 11special
Displaying 1-32 of 32 articles from this issue
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  • Loop Diuretics and Saccular Endolymphatic Potential
    Jun Kusakari, Junichi Kambayashi, Masaaki Rokugo, Eiich Arakawa, Kenji ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2271-2274
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2271
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    The effects of loop diuretics, furosemide and ethacrynic acid upon the saccular endolymphatic potential (SEP) were examined in 21 guinea pigs and the results were compared with those of the cochlear study previously performed by one of authors (Kusakari, et al. 1978). The SEP was reduced by furosemide and ethacrynic acid in a similar way as the cochlear endolymphatic potential (CEP), suggesting that the SEP is the potential leak from the cochlea. The result obtained in the present study suggests that the potential decays to about 15% of the original value until it is transmitted from the cochlea to the saccule.
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  • Experimental Studies on Allergic Endolymphatic Hydrops
    Jiro Hozawa, Shigeki Kamata, Takashi Ishida, Noriko Kimura
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2275-2277
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2275
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    The labyrinths of guinea pigs sensitized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were investigated by electronmicroscopy after challenging this antigen through the foram. stylomastoideum. Horizontal nystagmus toward the contralateral side was observed about fifteen minutes after challenging. The animals sacrified in this stage did not show endolymphatic hydrops, however, particles of HRP were observed in intracellular vesicles and basal lamina of the Reissner's membrane. This particles were took in dark cells of the stria vascularis, too. In the animals sacrified forty-eight hours after challenging HRP, endolymphatic hydrops could be observed. These findings were not observed in the control study and suggested that hyperpermeability of the Reissner's membrane and hypersecretion of the stria vascularis induced by antigen-antibody reactions were probable causes of endolymphatic hydrops.
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  • The Effects of Intravenously Administered Glycerol on Meniere's Disease
    Kanemasa Mizukoshi, Yukio Watanabe, Naoki Ohashi, Hideto Kobayashi, Yu ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2278-2284
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2278
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    Single doses of 10% Glycerol, 500ml for 2 hours intravenously, produced significant hearing threshold shifts in 6 cases out of 9 cases with definite Meniere's disease.
    Instead of orally administered Glycerol test, this intravenously administered Glycerol test may be adopted as a simple and easy method for diagnosis of reversible and fluctuative Meniere's disease. The difference between intravenously and orally administration has been discussed from the points of their side effects. The effects of a prompt improvement of the hearing in Meniere's disease by intravenously administered glycerol would be a strong indication of an osmotic effect than a metabolic one.
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  • Comparison between the Pupillary Light Reflex Test and the Mecholyl Test by Means of Conjunctival Instillation in Patients with Meniere's Disease
    Machiko Takeda, Mitsuko Itoh, Takuya Uemura
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2285-2289
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2285
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    The pupillary light reflex test and the mecholyl test by means of conjunctival instillation were performed successively on the same day in 44 cases with Meniere's disease. Although the results of both tests on the affected side in the attack stage were agreed in six of nine cases, the remaining three cases were positive in the mecholyl test alone. This may indicate that the mecholyl test is more adequate for ascertaining the existence of autonomic dysfunction in Meniere's disease than the light reflex test.
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  • Electrophoretic Studies of Human Endolymph Obtained from the Endolymphatic Sac by the Epidural Shunt Operation for Ménière's Disease
    Masaaki Yamane, Takashi Futaki, Masanori Yoshioka, Akira Shirahata
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2290-2296
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2290
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    Among 20 patients with Ménière's disease who had been tried for sampling the intra-sac-endolymph during epidural shunt operation, six specimens with lesser blood-contamination were selected for analysis using a flame photometer and electrophoresis.
    The ionic concentration ratio of sodium to potassium of the samples was similar to those of the extracellular fluids. The protein concentrations were considerably higher than those of CSF obtained from the same patients.
    Immunodiffusion test revealed that transferrin, C3 and C4 were present, however, β-lipoprotein could not be detected in the intra-sac-endolymph.
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  • Peripheral Vestibular Disorders and Changes in Angulation of Shoulders while Stepping
    Kiichiro Taguchi, Masato Kikukawa, Chiharu Hirabayashi
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2297-2303
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2297
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    A polarized light goniometer (abbreviated as Polgon) and a microcomputer were applied for the calculation of the real values of changes in shoulder angulation during stepping movement in normal subjects and patients with peripheral vestibular disorders.
    Characteristic results were obtained from patients with Ménière's disease, showing larger means and variations as compared with those of normal subjects. The shoulder of the same side with affected ear usually showed larger values than those of another shoulder.
    Those patients with sudden deafness accompanying vestibular disorder presented larger means and normal standard deviations. The results obtained from two patients with vestibular neuronitis were almost normal. Five subjects with other vestibular disorders showed larger means only when stepping with the eyes closed.
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  • Implications of the Results of Stepping Test in Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Dysfunction
    With Reference to Latent Time for Deviation
    Jin Okuno, Isamu Watanabe, Hiroyoshi Ishida, Kunihiko Tsutsumiuchi, Sh ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2304-2311
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2304
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    The stepping test is a dynamic test for the evaluation of equilibratory function, whose accuracy is so high that it enables us to detect even a slightly compensatory stage labyrinthine disturbance undetectable with static equilibratory function tests. Because it is a equilibrium movement test, it requires a more precise adjustment of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems. A stepping test with eyes closed allows us to record and observe even a slightest disturbance of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract that cannot be demonstrated with static equilibratory function tests. In patients with unilateral labyrinthine disturbance, a deviation occurs during the stepping test. No publication is available, however, that deals with the time course change in the stepping record.
    We recorded the center of gravity in the stepping test by KINETOGRAVICORDER and studied time-course change in the recording. Our findings were as follows:
    Nine patients with unilateral Meniere's disease (in normal phase), selected as subjects, were instructed to face front in the dark. In that position, they performed steppings in an exact rhythm (1.2Hz) with eyes closed, while recordings were taken to examine the onset of deviation. Deviation started with the 8th to 17th step (average 12.4th step), or 6.4sec to 13.6sec (average 9.95sec) after the initiation of steppings.
    The above results suggest that: (1) A voluntary movement due to central programming is eliminated by approximately about 12 steppings to be replaced by an extrapyramidal reflex. The period during which the said 12 steppings or thereabouts are performed (about 10sec) is the latent time for deviation, (2) a regular rhythm accelerates the manifestation of laterality in the motor reflex, (3) the imposition of regular rhythm has an element of the Jendrassik maneuver, so that it encourages the manifestation of deviation in steppings. We concluded therefore that the stepping test would yield sufficiently meaningful data even if the number of steps to be taken was reduced from that in the past test.
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  • ENG Findings During an Acute Course in a Case of Ménière's Disease
    Yutaka Yoshimoto
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2312-2321
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2312
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    ENG recordings were performed on a case of Ménière's disease during vertigenous attack. The ENG findings obtained in this case was summarized as follows; (1) Nystagmus directing to the non-affected side occurred immediately after the vertigenous attack (although it is generally said that nystagmus during this period occurs to the affected side). (2) The nystagmus to the non-affected side changed the direction to the affected side after a “transition period”. (3) During the transition period the eye movement was unstable and nystagmus occurred periodically either to the right or to the left. It has been revealed that nystagmus occurring during an acute Meniere's attack showed precarious, dynamic changes.
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  • Clinical Observation of Meniere's Disease
    Especially on the Effects of Conservative Therapy for Vertigo and Hearing
    Hiroyuki Mineta, Yasuhiro Serizawa, Hajime Nakagawa, Kazushige Fujikaw ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2322-2328
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2322
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    Our 55 patients with Meniere's disease were statistically analysed on the age and hearing. As the results, Meniere's disease was found most frequently in the ages of thirty, forty and fifties. The average hearing loss was 27.7dB. These results were almost similar to the many previous reports. Furthermore, 24 new patients who could be followed their course were investigated on the effect of conservative therapy for vertigo and hearing. As the conservative treatment, vasodilator, vitamin and minor tranquilizer were used.
    Consequently, vertigo was improved in 95.8% of the patients by the conservative therapy. However, these patients were not completely free from any vertiginous attack.
    On the other hand, hearing rather became worse in 33.3% of the patients even after the improvement of vertigo. In the literature, we can find many reports about the results of conservative and surgical treatment for Meniere's disease. However, their results also show that the surgical treatment is not always good for vertigo improvement and hearing preservation in Meniere's disease.
    From these points of view, we emphasized that new and better methods of treatment for Meniere's disease should be developed in the near future.
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  • Clinical Dose Evaluation of Medical Treatment for Meniere's Disease
    With Special Reference to the Dose Response for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
    Kanemasa Mizukoshi, Yukio Watanabe, Isamu Watanabe, Jin Okubo, Toru Ma ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2329-2336
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2329
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    Vertigo is a subjective sensation, which is very difficult to evaluate. There are large variation in patients' thresholds. Therefore, the dose evaluation of medical treatment for Meniere's disease is a very difficult in clinical practice.
    In order to evaluate the antivertiginous dose response of ATP, both subjective and objective symptoms in 154 patients with Meniere's disease (69 cases) and other peripheral vestibular disorders (85 cases) were analyzed in a double-blind controlled study comparing doses of 300mg and 150mg daily for four weeks respectively. The clinical subjective and objective symptoms in these cases were evaluated at the first otoneurological examinations before prescribing treatment, the second after two weeks, and the last after four weeks, by the doctors and patients respectively. The method of giving medicine is the matched-pair-group-methods for this double-blind control trial. The statistical comparison between the effects of the two doses showed that the 300mg ATP dosage was significantly more preferred than the 150mg dosage when the subjective and objective gloval evaluation in these cases was analyzed. However, no significant preference between the two dosages was revealed in vertigo and/or dizziness. The statistical comparison between the two dosages, on the other hand, showed its more significant difference in spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus and caloric nystagmus tests.
    Therefore, it should be emphasized that the statistical analysis between the two dosages of such antivertiginous drug in the double-blind controlled study of the matchedpair-groups should be applied for determination of the maximum dose response in patients with vertigo and/or dizziness.
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  • Experience on Treatment of Ménière's Disease with Herbal Medicines
    Kiichiro Taguchi, Minato Hirabayashi, Tetsuya Ishiyama
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2337-2344
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2337
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    Patients suffering from Ménière's disease were treated with two kinds of extracted herbal compounds called Hangebyakujitsutenmato and Ryokeijitsukanto.
    The following results were obtained.
    1) Vertigo or dizziness, and accompanyin subjective symptoms such as stiff nucha or shoulders, nausea or vomiting, and anorexia were strikingly reduced after the treatment. However, the medicines were poorly effective to tinnitus.
    2) Both medicines were estimated to be useful to clear away positive pathological findings such as Romberg's sign and gaze nystagmus, except for hearing impairment.
    3) The results obtained in four weeks treatments were markedly better than those of two weeks.
    4) The side effect was revealed in a case in which an increasing headache had been complained during the treatment with Hangebyakujitsutenmato.
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  • Clinical Studies on Cases of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
    Shigeaki Shirabe, Toyoji Soda
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2345-2349
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2345
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    330 patients who complained of vertigo or dizziness visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukuoka University Hospital in 1981. 58 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were clinically investigated.
    About a half of those with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo had already seizures before the vertiginous attack, on which they were examined. After the examination 9 cases out of 58 had recurrences of the attack, but their courses progressed favorably with 40 cases (70%) running in several days or weeks.
    The mechanism of incidence with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is said to be mainly of a local factor of the otolithic organ, but in addition, repeated general onset motive may lead to recurrence. Furthermore, lesions are not considered to be limited to the otolithic organ but extended to semicircular canals, or in relation to etiological factors recovery is retarded.
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  • Computer Analysis of Galvanic Body-Sway Test
    Yukio Watanabe, Kanemasa Mizukoshi, Naoki Ohashi, Hideto Kobayashi, Ma ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2350-2354
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2350
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    In general, the threshold of Galvanic body-sway is much lower than that of galvanic nystagmus. Therefore, in order to establish a clinical galvanic body-sway test for differential diagnosis between vestibular endorgan and retrocochlear lesions, we have studied on effects of galvanic stimulation on the body-sway by using the gravicorder. The galvanic stimuli were used by the stimulator, in which the DC-currents were controlled from 0.1mA to 1.0mA, and applied for 5sec. The test subjects stood on the gravicorder (Anima Co.) with feet together, eyes closed, and hands at sides.
    The 10 induced galvanic body-sway were averaged by using the small digital computer PDP 11/34. The normal characteristics of the galvanic body-sway responses were measured in a group of 8 normal subjects. In these tests, the direction of body-sway, patterns of swaying, the latency of the initial sway were analyzed by the computer. In these normal subjects, the initial body-sway to the cathode sides appeared at 0.22 seconds in average after the galvanic stimulation (0.6mA), and then the second sway to the anode side deviated at 0.45 seconds in average after the start of the stimulation. Increasing stimulus current from 0.1mA to 1.0mA produced a linear increase in the galvanic-response amplitude. Therefore, the thresholds of the galvanic body-sway test could be measured by these test procedures. No side effects were observed in these galvanic stimulation under 0.6mA.
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  • Square Drawing Test in the Vestibular Neuronitis
    On Micrographism
    Hideki Ohyama, Toru Sekitani, Akira Tosaka, Keiko Nishikawa, Tatsuya O ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2355-2364
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2355
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    Follow up study of ten cases with vestibular neuronitis those who were examined and treated at Yamaguchi University Hospital from 1976 to 1981 comparing especially the findings of writing test with those of vestibular function test. In the vestibular function test, all patient presented unilateral canal paresis by the caloric test and spontaneous nystagmus toward the healthy side. As for the writing test, nine cases showed deviation toward involved side with shortening in Fukuda's vertical writing test and eight cases showed micrographism with shortening in Sekitani's Square Drawing Test. And these pathological findings of writing test were evaluated to correlate to the change in vestibular function test.
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  • List of Literature on Vestibular Neuronitis
    Papers written in the world-spread medical journals till December 1981
    Toru Sekitani
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2365-2370
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2365
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    Literature on the vestibular neuronitis as one of the peripheral otogenic vertigo (in other word; retrolabyrinthine origin) was collected from the world-spread medical journals appeared in Excerpta Medica and so on, since 1909 when Ruttin firstly described and indicated this disorder to the recent paper till December 1981.
    These search on the paper was supported (in part) by the Research Grant for the Intractable Diseases from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan; as one part of the project of Vestibular Disorder Research Committee, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan, since 1980.
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  • A Rare Child Case of Vestibular Neuronitis
    Yutaka Yoshimoto
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2371-2382
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2371
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    This paper deals with the findings obtained in a 9-year-old girl with vertigo who was diagnosed as having classical vestibular neuronitis. The case provided evidence that classical vestibular neuronitis could occur in children under 10 years with the symptom of vertigo.
    She had neither remarkable subjective symptoms nor deviation of the extremities at 4 days after the onset. It appeared that vestibular neuronitis in young children recovered faster than in older cases who have more chances of being examined. At first visit (4 days after the onset) rotato-horizontal nystagmus to the intact side was remarkable. The nystagmus became less remarkable with time until it disappeared one month and a half after the onset. The caloric test revealed advanced CP (canal pareais). The patient under the discussion did not recover from this disorder throughout the observation period. The vestibular neuronitis findings obtained in a 9-year-old girl with vertigo were identical to those obtained in older people.
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  • A Comparative Analysis on Vestibular Neuronitis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome
    Akira Takahashi
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2383-2391
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2383
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    In 1916 three French neurologists, Guillain, Barré and Strohl, presented their important paper describing 2 patients with polyneuritis. They emphasized the predominant motor weakness of the limbs with minimal sensory loss, hyporeflexia, elevated protein level in cerebrospinal fluid without cellular reaction and favourable prognosis. Since that time, the syndrome has been referred the Guillain-Barré syndrome, but the diagnostic limits of the disorder had been disputed because of inclusion of many types of acute and chronic polyneuritis under this title. In 1960, Osler and Sidell published a paper and set down diagnostic criteria which severely restricted the definition of the disorder. A new diagnostic criteria for the disorder was clearly proposed for field studies by an ad hoc NINCDS committee (1978) and Asbury (1981). These clinical study yields pathological and experimental evidences suggesting that GBS is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy (AIMP) and a distinctive entity. GBS is now one of the most frequent forms of acute polyneuritis.
    Vestibular neuronitis is the term applied originally by Dix and Hallpike (1952) to a distinctive disturbance of vestibular function, characterized clinically by an abrupt and usually a single and severe attack of vertigo and by an absence of cochlear abnormality. The pathological site of the vestibular pathway and the nature of the affection have not been established. Consequently, there is confusion regarding its nosological situation.
    In this article, the diagnostic criteria of the Guillain-Barré syndrome are reviewed and vestibular neuronitis is compared with it in order to refine the definition. In considering the clinical characteristics, there is some similarlity between vestibular neuronitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The only significant difference is that vestibular neuronitis is confined primarily to the vestibular nerve. Thus, it is suggested that vestibular neuronitis should be investigated in future with relation to AIMP as well as from the viewpoint of directly infectious or vascular etiology.
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  • Equilibrium Findings of Chronic Otitis Media
    Takeshi Kanaya, Masaru Shirato, Tokuji Unno
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2392-2398
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2392
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    Equilibrium function tests were done in fifty patients with chronic otitis media to detect vestibular disturbance.
    Spontaneous nystagmus were found in twenty seven (54%) patients. In seventeen out of twenty seven patients, the direction of the spontaneous nystagmus was toward the uninvolved side, whereas another ten patients revealed the nystagmus toward the involved side. Patients whose nystagmus was toward the involved side were almost free of inner ear disturbance and at acute aggravated stage of otitis media.
    The relation between the appearance rate of spontaneous nystagmus and the following clinical signs or symptoms was investigated: (1) vertigo, (2) bone conduction abnormality, (3) otorrhea, (4) fistula sign. Those who exhibited high appearance rate of spontaneous nystagmus were the patients with otorrhea and with fistula sign.
    High rate abnormalities of righting reflex, deviation and caloric tests were observed in the patients of cholesteatoma with vertigo.
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  • Nystagmus Test in Patients Treated with Ototoxic Drugs
    Yasuo Harada, Mamoru Suzuki, Katsuhiro Hirakawa
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2399-2403
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2399
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    Positional and positioning nystagmus tests were performed in 48 patients treated with either streptomycin sulfate (SM) or kanamycin (KM) and 17 patients treated with tobracin (TOB). Average pure tone thresholds of 4 frequencies (500, 1000, 2000 and 4000Hz) tended to be greater (24.1dB) in KM group than SM group (16.4dB). Nystagmus was observed in 8 out of 48 subjects (16.7%). Average SM dosage of the group with nystagmus was 23.2g which was not significantly different from that of non-nystagmus group. This probably indicates variable susceptibility of the vestibular system to SM among individuals. Overall pure tone threshold in non-nystagmus group was within normal range, whereas most of the pure tone thresholds in group with nystagmus ranged from 16 to 60dB. This indicates necessity of vestibular function test in the early stage as well as conventional hearing test in order to detect mild vestibular dysfunction. Types of nystagmus observed varied among subjects, such as horizontal, horizontal-rotatory and pure rotatory. Only 3 out of 8 patients with nystagmus were complaining of vertigo. Furthermore, vertigenous symptom was not related to characteristics of nystagmus. No nystagmus was observed in the KM and TOB treated patients.
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  • Vestibulo-cochlear Disorders and Occupational Reinstatement
    Shoji Takayasu, Sanae Katori
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2404-2413
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2404
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    A questionnaire had been set out to the patients with peripheral vestibulo-cochlear disorders who had been treated at least five years ago, on relation between the survival symptoms and their occupational reinstatements. The results were assayed in clinical and epidemiological view point.
    The failure of “back-to-work” due to the vertiginous diseases was found in 15 patients (20.0%) —group B—, and found it in nine patients (11.4%) with another reasons —group C—. The remains (group A) succeeded to return to the same works.
    The most influenced symptom to failure was “vertigo”, and tinnitus, anxiety, hearing disturbance in order, while the cochlear symptoms were significant higher in group A and C than in group B.
    It was very interesting the fact that reinstatement would have been related with a “disturbed side” of inner ears, namely the left ear disturbed frequency was higher in group A with statistically significant than in group B, and the right ear frequently disturbed in opposite relations. Because this suggested to introduce a consideration of the behaviour science, the behaviour dynamics or the ergonomics into the medicine.
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  • Motion Sickness on Vestibular Disorders
    Masashi Kawano, Shigeaki Shirabe
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2414-2418
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2414
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    A question and answer survey was made referring to motion sickness on vestibular disorders, which are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (33), sudden deafness (28) and Ménière's disease (29), and compared them with that of the healthy persons (130).
    There were many of those with the history of motion sickness statistically significant in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo compared with Ménière's disease and sudden deafness, showing severe symptoms. Those never experienced any motion sickness in the past were found more in sudden deafness and Ménière's disease than that in the healthy persons.
    It can sufficiently be suggested that benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is an otolithic dysfunction. There are differences in seriousness and incidence of motion sickness between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and other inner ear disorders as well as healthy persons, which identifies a relationship between the otolithic organ and motion sickness.
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  • Diagnostic Significance of Otoneurologic Examination in Differentiation of Peripheral Vestibular Diseases by Means of a Quantitative Statistical Method
    Yoshiaki Nakai, Toshio Imoto, Kazuo Konishi, Yasuhiro Minowa, Midori T ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2419-2426
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2419
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    This paper is a presentation of an approach to the prediction of central vestibular diseases or peripheral vestibular diseases, that are Meniere's disease, sudden deafness, vestibular neuronitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and drug ototoxicity, from mathematical statistical point of view. An analysis was performed by the quantification method for multi-dimensional qualitative data based on 13 otoneurologic tests and sex. We got 5 axes (roots) because there are 6 groups of outside criterion. We chose the first, the second, and the third axes in discrimination study because of their large value of correlation ratio. We could estimate that the first axis divided the group of peripheral vestibular diseases, and the group of central vestibular diseases, and that the OKP test was the most significant test in discriminating between them. Second axis divided the group of Meniere's disease, sudden deafness, and drug ototoxicity, and the group of vestibular neuronitis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The hearing test was the most significant test on the second axis. The third axis divided the vestibular neuronitis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and the caloric test was the most significant in discrimination.
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  • Development of the Cupula in the Rat
    Yoshiaki Nakai, Haruhiko Masutani, Kuan-cheng Chang, Akiko Morimoto, K ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2427-2435
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2427
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    Development of the cupula in the ampullae was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, using fetus and mature rats. Adult mice crista was also observed.
    At the 16th day of fetus, Cupula was often observed on the crista, and homogenous substances were found on the supporting cells of crista. At the 17th day of fetus, the similar substances buldged on the supporting cells and connected with the marginal processus of the cupula. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the cupula possibly originated from the supporting cells on the crista at the 16th day of fetus in rats. At the 19th day of fetus, the cupula was almost completely formed. Immediately after birth, morphological findings such as thickness, extension, surface structure of the cupula and subcupular space were almost complete. On the other hand, TEM examinations revealed that vestiform structure of the cupula first appeared at the 19th day of fetus, while mesh or fibrous structure was observed in the cupula on as early as the 17th day of fetus.
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  • Formation of Otoconia in the Normal Otolithic Organ
    Nubuharu Tagashira, Yasuo Harada
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2436-2442
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2436
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    Utricular macula of the normal guinea pigs were studied. The surface of the sensory epithelia of the macula was examined using SEM and X-ray microanalyzer. Some specimens were also freeze-cracked and observed in the same way. Numerous granular substances were observed on the surface of the sensory epithelia. It was also found that these granular substances were transformed into the otolithic crystal. There were many protrusions from the surface of the supporting cells surrounding the sensory hair cells. These protrusions and granular substances contained some amount of calcium. In the cracked specimens, small granules were found in some cells and these granules also contained some amount of calcium. Therefore, it is suggested that precursors of otoconia may be secreted from the supporting cells.
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  • Experimental Study on the Disorders of the Vestibule and Semicircular Canals Due to Intermixture of Endolymph and Perilymph
    Yoshiaki Nakai, Kazuo Konishi, Kuan-cheng Chang, Kazuhiro Ohashi, Haru ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2443-2450
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2443
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    As a mechanism of the attack of Meniere's disease, membrane breake theory is proposed. The detailed observation of the effects induced by the mixture of endolymph with perilymph was considered to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of vertiginous disease. We ruptured the saccular membrane of the guinea pig and observed the effects functionally and morphologically.
    Functionally, horizontal-rotatory-mixing spontaneous nystagmus to the healthy side was observed, however, behavioral observation evealed no deviating tendency.
    Morphologically, the degenerations of the sensori-epithelium, which were resemble to that induced by drug intoxication or accerating stimulus, were found in the maculae and the cristae ampullares. There were only slight disorders at the organ of Corti. Many vacuoles and vesicles and partial swelling were observed in the marginal cells, these findings were resemble to that of the dark cells and transitional cells of the cristae ampullares.
    By these results, discussions were made on the relationship among the range of degeneration, endolymphatic flow and the attack of Meniere's disease.
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  • Ultrastructural Study on the Permeability of Blood Vessels in the Inner Ear
    Capillaries of the Stria Vascularis and the Spiral Ligament
    Masafumi Sakagami, Toru Matsunaga, Paulo H. Hashimoto
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2451-2458
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2451
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    The blood capillaries in the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament were studied by electron microscopy with freeze-fracture and thin section methods including tracer experiments of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and microperoxidase (MP) in guinea pigs. The capillaries in both tissues, composed of non-fenestrated endothelial cells, are connected by tight junctions, and contain about the same number of micropinocytotic vesicles. After intravascular administration, both of tracers were found to have been transported to the basal lamina in the stria vascularis, but they were absent in the spiral ligament. The tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells in the stria vascularis prevented the penetration of HRP, but sometimes allowed the penertation of MP. On the other hand, that of the spiral ligament was impermeable to both tracers. Almost all micropinocytotic vesicles of the stria capillaries contained both tracers. In the spiral ligament some micropinocytotic vesicles were stained with both tracers, but others were unstined. It is concluded that the capillaries of the stria vascularis are similar to the muscle capillaries, whereas those of the spiral ligament are similar to the brain capillaries.
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  • Influences to the Inner Ear Due to Various Diuretic Agents and Glycerol
    Yoshiaki Nakai, Kazuhiro Ohashi, Kuan-cheng Chang, Kazuo Konishi, Haru ...
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2459-2467
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2459
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    In recent years, glycerol or loop diuretic agents are known to be the drugs considered to reduce endolymphatic hydrops, there by it has been used for the diagnosis and partially a therapy for the inner ear dizziness.
    In this present study, the above agents and generally used various diuretic agents have been administrated to animals experimentally, and those effects against the stria vascularis were observed by electron microscopy.
    The change in substance-permeability of the stria vascularis by diuretics were reviewed by a tracer using horseradish peroxidase. Subsequently, the following results were obtained.
    1) After intravenous injection of furosemide and bumetanide, temporary reversible change was observed at the stria vascularis.
    2) By the tracer study, furosemide has an action of easing the leakage of substances to the endolymphatic space.
    3) By oral administration of furosemide, no abnormality was observed.
    4) Metholazone as a thiazide type diuretic agent in its intravenous injection caused slight changes.
    5) Intravenous injection of potassium canrenoate as an antialdosterone drug was proved to show the same effect as that of loop diuretic agents.
    6) Glycerol, mannitol and isosorbide showed no marked change in the inner ear.
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  • An Experimental Investigation of Streptomycin Ototoxicity to the Otolith Organ by the Parallel-Swing and Observation of Otoconia through SEM in Guinea Pig
    Takashi Futaki, Isuzu Kawabata
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2468-2476
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2468
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    The authors wish to verify and to compare the toxic effects of SM to the otolith organ both in the physiological and in the morphological aspects simultaneously in guinea pig.
    24 white guinea pigs (250-300gr. body weight) were divided into five groups, i. e. one control group which was injected saline and two groups which were administrated SM intramuscularly in the dosis of 250mg per kg every two days, seven times and two of adding Methyl B12 (500ug) every day.
    Prior to administration, the parallel swing (P. S.) was performed to all of them and the eye movement was recorded electronystagmographically using the leg-free-cramp through the needle electrodes.
    At the points, two and four weeks after the final injection, samely as before the P. S. was carried out and immediately sacrificed for SEM-observation of otoconia.
    Concerning the amplitude, the ratio of the average values before and after the two weeks feeding with saline injection in control groups, yielded 1.09 which showed no remarkable change. On the other hand, the ratio of amplitude in SM-administered ones, was presented as values 0.45 which resulted as significant reduction. This reduction means the depressed excitability of the otolith organ by intoxication. The ratio of phase-lag was significantly greater than that of control. In the two groups of Methyl B12, the reduction was as half as SM alone.
    In SEM-investigation of otoconia of SM group, a decrease of their number and a loss of variety in shape and size, i. e. small only and fragmented with blunt edge of the crystal, were revealed distinctly in corresponding with the results of P. S.
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  • Electronystagmographic Study in Guinea Pigs on the Vestibular Effect of Vincamine
    Kohji Tokumasu, Satoshi Yoneda
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2477-2483
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2477
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    The response decline phenomenon induced by repeated rotatory stimulations was studied electronystagmographically in guinea pigs. The phenomenon has been considered to be habituation of vestibular response obtained by learning in the central nervous system. This phenomenon was observed in the four gunea-pigs after injection of Vincamine of 2mg/kg intraperitoneally. However, the expected drug-effect of Vincamine to promote the response decline induced by repeated rotatory stimulations was not confirmed since any difference of decrease of nystagmic response between in the four guinea-pigs injected by Vincamine and six control animals.
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  • Experimental Direction-Changing Positional Nystagmus induced by Intra-Tympanic Infusion of the Drugs
    Kochiro Shigeno, Shigeto Nakajima, Tetsuya Egami
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2484-2490
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2484
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    Experimental direction-changing positional nystagmus was elicited in rabbits by intra-tympanic infusion of the drugs with different specific gravity such as ethanol and heavy water. Ethanol provoked horizontal positional nystagmus to the right when rabbit was hold with right side down, to the left with left side down, to the non-infusion ear with nose up and to the infusion ear with nose down. The direction of horizontal positional nystagmus induced by heavy water were opposite to those by ethanol. These drugs probably made some effect to the inner ear referred to the change of the specific gravity.
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  • Effect of Low Blood Pressure upon Eye Movement of the Rabbit with Unilaterally Narrowed Vertebral Artery
    Koichi Yamamoto, Toru Matsunaga, Takeshi Kubo
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2491-2496
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2491
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    When catapres, which is known to decrease the blood pressure (BP), was injected intravenously, suppression on per-rotational nystagmus was observed in both beat number (BN) and fast phase eye velocity (FPEV), (P<0.05, t-test). Slow phase eye velocity (SPEV) of per-rotational nystagmus was less affected. Decrements of nystagmus BN and FPEV were more pronounced in the nystagmus beating toward the side of artifically narrowed vertebral artery than the one beating to contralateral side. This influence of blood pressure change upon VOR were supposed to be a ischemia occurring in CNS rather than that in the peripheral vestibular system.
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  • Baroreflex and Personality Tests in the Patients with Vesticular Disorders
    Etsuko Tagami, Hiroko Nakahara, Yasuhiro Fujisaki, Toru Matsunaga
    1982 Volume 75 Issue 11special Pages 2497-2503
    Published: 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.75.11special_2497
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    Autonomic nervous function test and personality study were performed on 85 vertigo patients (25 Meniere's disease, 25 peripheral vertigo, 4 vertebulobasilar insufficiency, 14 other central vertigo, 17 other types of vertigo). As the index of autonomic function, sensitivity of the baroreflex to blood pressure change was investigated. For this purpose phenylephrine was injected intravenously and trinitroglycerin was administered subglottically. CMI and Y-G tests were used for studying a personality. The patients with Meniere's disease especially on the vertigo attack, showed high sensitivity in baroreflex activity when trinitroglycerin was used to reduce blood pressure. We considered it a sympathicotonic state. Also major population of Meniere patients were classified into abnormal types in Y-G and/or CMI tests i. e. nervousness and instability, compared with the other entities of patient groups. These results suggest that vertigo attack may be occurred basing on the autonomic dysfunction, which also has some relation with specific personality.
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