This paper is based on 21 cholesteatomas and 15 simple chronic ears operated on in children under the age of 10. The clinical history, pathology and results of meatotympanoplasty were presented with the purpose of demonstrating whether the cholesteatomatous ear in young children had special characteristics and behavior.
The condition of the disease in acquired cholesteatoma in young children was characterized by a poor function of the Eustachian tube of varing degrees which caused the extention and rapid growth of the disease. In some cases, cholesteatoma had an otoscopic appearance of originating from the adhesive process with retraction of the attic or tympanic membrane. The prognosis were poor compared with simple chronic otitis media. Meatotympanoplasty for acquired cholesteatoma should not be attempted unless good tube function is present.

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Two cases of bilateral facial palsy are reported.
Case 1. A 33-year-old woman with polyneuritis, presented bilateral facial palsy at an intervals of twenty days. In this case bilateral facial palsy resulted from sarcoidosis.
Case 2. A 45-year-old man presented peripheral facial palsy on both sides at a time interval of four days. This patient was diagnosed as bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy because there was no evidence of systemic disease.

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CT-scanning of the temporal bone revealed a fine contour of the inner ear anomaly in a 8-year-old boy with total deafness on the right. In the inner ear there was a globular mass with a small protrusion anteriorly and with a probably immature superior semicircular canal. The globular mass was considered to be the utriculosaccular capsule, and the anterior protrusion to be an incipient cochlear duct. CT-scanning of the temporal bone may bring significant progress in diagnosis of inner ear anomalies. Detailed configuration of an inner ear may be shown before histological examination.

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A unilateral mixed deafness with congenital ptosis and the Goldenhar syndrome were seen in a family.
The patient was a five-year-old boy with congenital ptosis of the right lid and right severe mixed deafness. His father also has slight ptosis of the right lid. His paternal aunt was diagnosed as the Goldenhar syndrome.
These two conditions, unilateral mixed deafness with congenital ptosis and the Goldenhar syndrome, were considered as not appearing by chance in a family, because relatives of the Goldenhar syndrome patients reported in the literature sometimes have such anomalies as syndactyly, spina bifida and anomalies of the external ear. Moreover, congenital ptosis and unilateral deafness are symptom of the Goldenhar syndrome.

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Ligation of the external carotid artery has traditionally been indicated for recurrent and copious epistaxis which can not be controlled by nasal or postnasal packings. The above procedure can be substituted by ligation of the maxillary artery in most cases. In this report, the anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and the method of ligation of the maxillary artery are described for practical purposes. There have been a number of methods for treating epistaxis. These are bibliographically reviewed in the discussion. Both the advantages and drawbacks of the ligation of the maxillary artery are also discussed. Because of its ease and effect, more extensive employment of the ligation of the maxillary artery is expected hereafter for treatment of epistaxis as one of the standard methods.

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Tonsillectomy was performed on a 47-year-old female whose aortic valve had been replaced with a prosthetic valve 2 years before. In this patient, anticoagulants, sodium warfarin and persantin, had been used to prevent post-valve replacement thromboembolism.
Special care had to be taken to reduce bleeding during and after tonsillectomy as well as to minimize thromboembolism. The anticoagulants were discontinued for 2 days preoperatively, and vitamin K was used perioperatively to resume normal coagulability. Exact ligature of the tonsillar arteries was performed at the time of tonsillectomy. Heparin, whose action could be easily controlled at the time of the bleeding, was given for 10 days postoperatively. The patient was discharged uneventfully 17 days after tonsillectomy without any bleeding or thromboembolism.

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Schwannomas are relatively rare tumors arising from Schwann cells of the sheaths of peripheral nerves.
This paper describes a case of Schwannoma of the cheek. A 48-year-old female was admitted for a swelling in the right cheek of ten years' duration. The tumor was removed following a skin incision of the preauricular region under general anesthesia on 21st April 1980. The size of the extirpated tumor was 7cm×5cm×4cm. Microscopic sections revealed the Antoni A and Antoni B tissues of a benign Schwannoma. Postoperatively, the patient had right facial nerve paralysis. However, she regained normal facial nerve activity three months postoperatively. She has been symptom-free for 18 months following surgery.

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Completely ideal objective olfactometry has not been established. Only partially objective olfactometries have been devised. Recording of the olfactorily-olfaction evoked EEG response from the human scalp is one of them. It is, however, technically difficult to record the olfactory response, because the odorous stimulation is a chemical reaction. We have created an almost satisfactory device for olfactory stimulation and the averaged olfactorily-evoked EEG response was recorded using this device.
Respiratory curves were obtained with a thermistor which is attached to the unilateral nostril and trigger pulses were generated at certain points of the inspiratory phase. These pulses drove the device for olfactory stimulation and the analog averager. Thirty responses were averaged. EEG was recorded from the vertex (active electrode) by the monopolor recording method. Other electrodes were attached to the unilateral auricle (indifferent electrode) and forehead (earth electrode). White noise (70dB) was given to subjects in order to mask auditory sensation.
Results were as follows:
1) Fifteen normal subjects were examined using five odors (A: β-phenyl ethyl alcohol; B: methyl cyclopentenolone; C: Iso-valeric acid; D: γ-undecalactone; and E: scatol). The responses evoked by the five odors at minimal concentrations consisted of positive waves with a peak latency of 600msec-700msec. Acetic acid also evoked the same wave.
2) When the olfactory epithelium was blocked by 0.4% Benoxyl, no evoked EEG response was obtained in normal subjects. Even when the nasal mucosa excluding the olfactory epithelium was almost fully blocked, response was obtained.
3) Diminishing the concentration of the odor, every odor evoked the response until concentration No. 3 (A; 10^2.5dilution salution, B; 10^2.7, C; 10^2.8, D; 10^2.2, E; 10^3.1). No response was obtained in concentration No.2 (A; 10^3.5 dilution salution, B; 10^3.7, C; 10^3.8, D; 10^3.2, E; 10^4.1)
4) No response was obtained in anosmic patients.
5) It was suggested that the olfactorily-evoked EEG response was due to stimulation of the olfactory epithelium (probably olfactory receptors).
6) The olfactorily-evoked EEG response can be clinically applicable.

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The recordings from a stepping test using the two-dimensional center of gravity of body sway were analyzed by means of a kinetogravicorder. This was done in order to study kinetic equilibrium function. This stepping test is a well-known method to demonstrate the laterality of labyrinthine function disturbance.
Various rhythm loads were given during this stepping movement. Right handed and left handed subjects were selected for observation in order to see the influence on the movement of their limbs
A locus of the center of gravity of body sway was resolved into X components (right-left movement) and Y components (forward and backward movement). A study was also made on the duration of contact and that of swing in comparison with that of stride.
The contact duration is readily affected by visual or rhythm loading. It was then considered that the contact duration has a factor that is readily influenced by programming the higher center in a man's stepping movement. On the other hand, swing duration is always resistant to change from rhythm or visual loadings, revealing a constant value. Since it has a constant value, it was considered that the swing duration is under the influence of a simple reflex that is said to be located in the spinal cord or at the level of the cerebellum. Moreover, the right-left difference was noted in the swing phase and we consider this as unilateral dominant laterality.

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From the laboratory and clinical studies on C-AMOX, the following results were obtained.
1) Tissue (sinus membrane and tonsil) and serum concentrations of C-AMOX were determined various times after 500mg of oral administration: 1.48-3.47μg/ml (2 hours after) in sera, 0.32-0.96μg/g (2 hours after) in sinus membranes and 0.42μg/g (2 hours after) in palatine tonsil.
2) C-AMOX was clinically used in 42 cases of ear, nose and throat infections and the rate of effectiveness was 81.0%. No side effects were observed.

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The effect of Bencyclane infusion on the velocity of blood flow in the vertebral artery was investigated in 6 normal subjects and 7 patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorder using the ultrasonic doppler method. Additionally, its effects on the vestibulo-ocular and opto-vestibular reflexes were examined in the same subjects using the damped pendular rotation test.
Blood velocities of the vertebral arteries increased bilaterally by 30% of the pre-injection value after Bencyclane infusion in the normal subject group. Although a similar amount of increase was observed in the patient group in the vertebral artery of the intact side, a smaller amount of increase was found in the vertebral artery of the side of the lesion.
The vestibulo-ocular (VOR) gain with eyes closed and the opto-vestibular (OVR) gain with the eyes open were measured. In the normal group, these were 0.69 and 0.96, respectively. There was no asymmetry of VOR or OVR gain in right or left rotation. After Bencyclane infusion, both gains were unchanged.
In the patient group, on the other hand, VOR and OVR gains were 0.77 and 1.06, respectively, when the nystagmus beating away from the lesion side was measured. These values were 0.64 and 1.00, respectively, when the nystagmus beating to the lesion side was measured.
Directional prepondelance of VOR and OVR gains in patients group tended to be improved after Bencyclane infusion.

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We gave Gamma-Venin (2.5-10gram) and sensitive antibiotics to patients with head and neck tumor who underwent surgery for the tumor and postoperatively developed severe infection of the wound or other places. Serial changes of immunological parameters were evaluated on the day before administration, 3rd and 7th days thereafter.
The following results were obtained.
1) Patients with head and neck cancer already have depressed cellular immunity and, therefore, postoperative administration of radiation or chemotherapy further decreases their cellular immunity to critically low levels and exposes them to severe infection. The number of T-lymphocytes sufficient to counteract these infections is between 700 and 400/mm³ and that of B-lymphocytes is less than about 100/mm³.
2) Gamma-Venin is very effective for those whose T-lymphocyte number is always above 400/mm³ or recurs above 400/mm³ from below 400/mm³, with a combination of the sensitive antibiotics.
3) Gamma-Venin is nearly totally ineffective for those whose T-lymphocyte number is always below 400/mm³ or decreased below 400/mm³ from above that level during the infection.
4) The number of B-lymphocytes is remarkably lowered in patients with head and neck cancer, compared to that in normal subjects. During infection the number is much more decreased to extremely low levels but the amount of immunoglobulin in the serum has never been decreased and always stayed at normal levels. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown.
5) The increase in the amount of immunoglobulin after the administration of Gamma-Venin is not documented, implying that it has no effect on helper T-lymphocytes to assist B-lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin.
6) The effectiveness of Gamma-Venin is primarily based on humoral immunity of anti-bodies and is not due to cellular immunity.
7) Tumor fever is frequently seen in those whose T-lymphocyte number is below 300/mm³ and Gamma-Venin is totally ineffective for these patients.
8) The overall cure rate for postoperative infection by Gamma-Venin is 55.6%.

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