Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica

Motion Sickness and Space Motion Sickness

Toru Matsunaga, Noriaki Takeda

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1095-1120
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1095

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Motion sickness occurs when man is expected to certain types of real or apparent motion. The signs and symptoms are malaise, pallor, cold sweating, nausea and vomiting. According to the sensory conflict theory, neural mismatch among the actual sensory input from the eyes, the vestibular apparatus and the somatosensory receptors and the signals expected to be received in the central nervous system causes motion sickness.
We developed a rat model and examined the roles of histamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline in the development of motion sickness. We conclude that 1) histamine plays a role in the onset of the disorder; 2) acetylcholine is involved in the sensory conflict mechanisms; 3) noradrenaline modulates the sensory information.
Space motion sickness is generally regarded as a variation of the common type of motion sickness. Here, we introduce three hypothese of space motion sickness and explain the results of space vestibular experiments on space motion sickness in the Skylab mission and Spacelab-1 mission.

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Adult T Cell Leukemia Concomitant with Oral Candidiasis

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1122-1123
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1122

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Diagnosis of Cerebellopontine Angle Lesions with Slight Hearing Impairment

Toshihisa Murofushi, Masahiro Mizuno, Masashi Sugasawa, Tetsuo Senba, ...

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1125-1133
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1125

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The authors reviewed 82 patients with cerebellopontine angle lesions, who were examined audiologically and neurotologically at the University of Tokyo from April 1977 to March 1987. Acoustic tumors (AT) were diagnosed in 58. The others had meningiomas, epidermoids, aneurysms, etc. Nearly all (93.1 %) of those with acoustic tumors had sensorineural hearing loss. Ten patients (17.2%) had an interaural difference of hearing levels of up to 25dB at 500, 1000 and 2000Hz, which was defined as a slight interaural difference and only four (6.9%) had hearing levels of 25dB or better at 500, 1000 and 2000Hz, which was defined as a slight hearing impairment. On the other hand, in those with other lesions, hearing acuity was preserved in fifty percent. Sixteen (66.7%) and fourteen (58.3%) had slight interaural differences of hearing levels and had slight hearing impairment. The results of physiological tests-auditory brainstem response (ABR), stapedial reflex (SR), and caloric test-revealed that ABR is sensitive in patients with AT and other tumors or abnormalities. Caloric test and SR showed good sensitivity in AT but not in other tumors or abnormalities. These findings may help in the differential diagnosis of AT and other tumors or abnormalities.
The authors conclude that ABR has good sensitivity for cerebellopontine angle lesions with slight hearing impairment and that the use of SR and caloric test together with ABR may enable us to distinguish AT from other tumors or abnormalities.

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Changes in the Auditory Brain-stem Response in Comatose Patients

Shunkichi Baba, Tosiaki Yagi, Hideharu Aoki, Ayako Sakuma, Jun Yamaguc ...

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1135-1141
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1135

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The auditory brain-stem response (ABR) was correlated with age, cause of coma and prognosis in 157 comatose patients. It was found that changes in the ABR could not be attributed to the age or cause of coma. In the patients who recovered and the persistent vegetative state the one to five inter wave latency became shorter. In the patients who later died, the one to five inter wave latency was prolonged. The patients who showed no response or only wave one from the beginning of coma and those in whom the wave form increased with the latency all died. These findings suggest that the ABR may be important test for judging the prognosis in comatose patients.

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Glomus Jugulare Tumor -A Case Report-

Kenji Toyoda, Yoshikazu Suzuki, Hideki Matsuoka, Satoru Takenouchi, Ma ...

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1143-1150
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1143

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This paper describes a glomus jugulare tumor in an 82-year-old woman, the oldest to be reported in Japan. The 46 cases reported in Japan so far are analyzed statistically. The results revealed that the infratemporal fossa approach is the best operative procedure. Metastasis was found in 2 cases, 18 years postoperatively in one of them. The time interval until recurrence averaged 3.3 years, and it was as long as 7 years in some cases. Therefore, long-term observation is thought to be necessary.

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Radioisotopic Measurement of Tympanotubal MucociIiary Clearance in Otitis Media with Effusion

Kazuhiko Takeuchi

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1151-1156
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1151

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In an attempt to analyze the tympanotubal mucociliary function in otitis media with effusion (OME), human serum albumin labeled with technetium 99m was instilled into 52 ears of 34 children: 36 ears with effusion and 16 without. The radioactivity in the tympanum was analyzed quantitatively. The time until the onset of clearance and the mucociliary transport rate of the eustachian tube were determined. The tympanotubal clearance rate was significantly lower in the ears with than in those without effusion. The ears with effusion took significantly longer to start clearing than those without. There was no difference in the mucociliary transport rate of the eustachian tubes in the two groups. It is concluded that the mucociliary function of the tympanotubal system is impaired to various degrees in chronic OME, and that it is more severely damaged in the tympanum than in the eustachian tube.

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Bilateral Simultaneous Bell's Palsy in a Child

Masataka Murakami, Susumu Nakae

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1157-1162
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1157

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A 12-year-old boy developed simultaneous bilateral facial paralysis following rhinopharyngitis. There was no evidence of systemic disease. Therefore, the diagnosis of bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy was made. After about 2 weeks of conservative treatment he showed complete recovery. Rises in antibody titers to herpes simplex virus and rubella virus, and a rise in EB-VCAIgG were demonstrated. Psychological tests showed a personality similar to that found in psychological hearing loss. So this palsy seemed to be due to viral infection plus psychological factors.

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Laser Surgery for Allergic Rhinitis

Tomoshige Fukutake, Toshio Yamashita, Koichi Tomoda, Naohiro Sudo, Nor ...

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1163-1179
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1163

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Using specially designed handpieces, we vaporized with a defocused CO₂ laser beam the inferior turbinates of 150 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis refractory to nonsurgical treatment. A CO₂ laser was used with the assumption that the allergic reaction could be inhibited by causing scar tissue formation in the superficial layer of the submucosa of the inferior turbinate where the allergic reaction is considered to occur. Of the 150 patients, 141 showed subjective improvement one month after laser surgery. Of the 40 patients who were followed for more than one year, 34 had good results. Hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa in response to provocative nasal testing and the number of eosinophils in the nasal smear were both decreased one year after laser surgery. Histopathologically, the superficial layer of the submucosa of the inferior turbinate was occupied by fibrous tissue after laser surgery. Laser surgery is an easy, safe and effective treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis, especially in children.

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Study on Flow Rate after Surgery for Vocal Cord Polyps, Nodules and Reinke's Edema

Shinzo Tanaka, Masahiro Tanabe

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1181-1186
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1181

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Occasionally the air flow rate during phonation is inadequetely improved by endoscopic microsurgery for vocal cord polyps, nodules and Reinke's edema. To clarify the factors influencing the air flow rate after surgery, we studied severity of the laryngeal lesion and the improvement of hoarseness in patients with inadequete flow rate.
1) In patients with polyps, the large and/or bilateral lesions appeared to cause inadequete improvement of the flow rate. There was no relationship between improvement of the flow rate and hoarseness after surgery.
2) A patient with vocal cord nodules and little improvement of the flow rate had red vocal cords before surgery and no reduction of hoarseness.
3) In a patient with Reinke's edema, good relief of hoarseness was obtained regard less of little improvement of flow rate which did not relate to severity of the laryngeal lesion.

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Voice Onset Time of Patients with Laryngeal Disorders

Kazutomo Kitajima, Fumika Fujita

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1187-1196
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1187

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We measured the voice onset time (VOT) of word initial voiced (/b/, /d/, /g/) and voiceless (/p/, /t/, /k/) consonants spoken by four subjects with laryngeal disorders.
The VDTs of voiced consonants which exceeded a normal category boundary between voiced and voiceless consonants were frequently found in two out of four subjects. Perceptual confusion between voiced and voiceless consonants was apt to be more common when the voiced consonants exceeded this boundary.
The VDT's of voiceless consonants did not differ significantly from normal VOT.

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Eye Deviation and Compensatory Ocular Counterrolling after Regional Destruction of the Sacculus by Laser Spot Irradiation

Takashi Yoneda

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1197-1213
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1197

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Eye deviation and ocular counterrolling in guinea pigs after regional destruction of the sacculus by Laser spot irradiation was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively.
1. Eye deviation in normal head position: guinea pigs with destruction of 1 /3 of the anterior portion of the sacculus, showed peculiar eye deviation even when the head position was normal; i.e. the eye on the side of destruction deviated downward and laterally, while the eye on the non-operated side deviated slightly laterally.
2. Eye position and counterrolling when the head and body were tilted showed two different patterns depending on the direction of the tilt. When the tilt was down towards the damaged side, the eye position appeared “fixed” and counterrolling was scarcely observed. However, counterrolling occurred when the tilt was towards the intact side in an “almost normal manner” or “increased counterrolling”.
3. Follow-up observations for 3 weeks postoperatively showed that the abnormal eye deviation and ocular counterrolling subsided and gradually improved.
These results indicate that regional destruction of the sacculus disturbs fixation of the eyes and ocular counterrolling of the eye on the same side and then causes deviation of the contralateral eye. These results and the facts reported by other investigators suggest that the sacculus on the lower side during head-body tilt acts as the primary and leading factor in vestibulo-ocular reflexes.

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Aging and Nasal Mucosal Hypersensitivity and Reactivity

Ryo Amesara

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1215-1221
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1215

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate nasal hypersensitivity and reactivity in aged healthy subjects and in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Thresholds of hypersensitivity to histamine and reactivity to methacholine and histamine were measured by a nasal provocation technique and biochemical analysis of nasal secretions following methacholine and histamine challenges.
Hypersensitivity in the allergic group was significantly higher than in the healthy group regardless of age. Reactivity in the older group was significantly lower than in the younger group of healthy subjects, but not in allergic patients.
These results suggest that congenital hypersensitivity in allergic patients may cause continuous stimulation of the target organs by histamine or other mediators and produce secondary morphological changes in the nasal mucosa such as increased number of goblet cells and nasal glands.

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Clinical Effect of AA-673 Tablets in Allergic Rhinitis

Tadao Enomoto, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Takao Samukawa, Kosaku Sakaguchi

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1223-1234
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1223

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Twenty patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with AA-673 tablets for a mean period of 66 days.
Based on the final global improvement, “moderate improvement or better” was observed in 40% of the patients, and “slight improvement or better” in 80%. The global improvement rate increased with the administration period. Among the symptoms, nasal obstruction and swelling of inferior turbinal membrane were markedly improved. As side effects, eruption was observed in 1 patient, and heavy feeling in legs in 1 patient. Temporary elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 2 patients. It is concluded that AA-673 tablets are useful in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinits.

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Clinical Effect of Metharmon®-F in Middle-aged Females with Lump Sensation in the Throat

Kazuhiro Ohta, Takashi Matsunaga, Hiroyuki Kitamura, Masuko Nisikawa, ...

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1235-1246
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1235

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Fifty-one famales with lump sensation in the throat were treated with Metharmon®-F.
The overall effectiveness was excellent in 9 cases, good in 15 and fair in 15. The clinical effects were unrelated to the patients' age, clinical course and past history. Pharyngo-laryngeal synptoms subsided in most patients together with unidentified complaints. Metharmon®-F was considered to be useful lump sensation in the throat.

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Some Advice to Beginners on Audiometry

[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 81 Issue 8 Pages 1248-1249
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.81.1248

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