The records of hospitalized patients in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University Medical School between 1976 and 1990 were analyzed. The total unmber of patients was 4,448. The locations of the diseases were: 1,002 were in the pharynx (22,5%),895 in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (20,1%),732 in the ear (16,5%),550 in the larynx (12,4%),475 in the diseases of abnormality (10,7%),217 in the trachea and esophagus (4,9%),202 in the oral cavity (4,5%),111 in the salivary gland (2,5%), and 264 in the face and neck and other areas (5,9%).

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We experienced 549 patients with microtia between 1968 and 1991.
Males distinctly predominated, with sex ratio being 9:5.
Of the 549 patients, the right ear was malformed in 319 and the left in 181, and malformation was bilateral in 49. In almost all patients with microtia, it was associated with congenital aural atresia or high-grade stenosis.
Seven cases of familial microtia were found, in which 3 of the fathers had cup-ears.
About 27% of the patients' mothers had had a cold, threatened spontaneous abortion, toxemia or other complication during their pregnancy.
No obvious genetic or environmental factors in the etiology of microtia were found.

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Although surgery is considered the fundamental treatment for cholesteatoma. Nonsurgical treatment is available for some patients.
We report the details of the indication s of non-surgical treatment against cholesteatoma and also the result of surgical treatment of cholesteatoma in our department.
Cholesteatoma which can be treated without operation are a s follows:
Those that resemble a post-operative state of the open method and easily dryup by cleaning.
Shallow and wide frontage of invagination of matrix
Restoring ventilation of mastoid antrum and tympanic cavity with treatment.
The result of surgical treatment are as follows:
We had 137 cases (93 ears) of ear surgery in our department from February 1,1988through September 30,1990. Cholesteatoma accounted for 95 cases and 69.5%.
We used staged operations or reviewing operations against cholesteatomas.
Good results ware obtained in 77.4% of the cases of cholesteatoma,63.9% of the cases of chronic otitis media or others and 70.1% of all the cases.
Reperforation (23.4%), lateral position of ear drum (10.2%), lowering of hearing ability (3.6%), retruction pocket (2.2%) and residual cholesteatoma (7.9%) ware observed as sequelse of operations.

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A case of cerebellar abscess of otogenic origin is reported. A 50-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for headache, vomiting, otalgia and otorrhea. He was diagnosed as having cerebellar abscess secondary to cholesteatoma by CT scan. He was cured by intravenous antibiotic therapy, removal of cholesteatoma, and cerebellar abscess. Postoperatively, he was asymptomatic.

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We report two cases of vertigo considered to be premonitory symptom of subsequent cerebellar infarction.
Two patients who suffered from vertigo visited our clinics. At that time, they had no obvious neurological symptom except vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. They showed spontaneous nystagmus which seemed to be caused by a peripheral vestibular disorder. After one or two weeks, they showed cerebellar signs and CT scan revealed infarctions of cerebellar peduncles. For the diagnosis of premonitory vertigo, we emphasize the importance of detection of background pathology, such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and collagen disease.
Antiplatelet drugs are considered useful in preventing the subsequent infarction. However, we could not prevent the infarctions by the administrations of ticlopidine in either of the present cases.

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Effects of eyelid movements on vertical EOG recording were examined in five subjects. The subjects were instructed to fixate a stationary target, and to change the angle between the edge of upper eyelid and visual axis voluntarily, and compulsively by using a small bar attached to the upper eyelid. In this situation, the eyelid was photographed simultaneously with the D. C. electrooculography recording.
As a result, the potential of the upper electrode correlated negatively to the angle between the edge of the upper eyelid and visual axis, and this supported Barry's theory quantitatively.
These findings indicate that the EOG recording of upward eye movements associated with eye closure (so called Bell's phenomenon) is contaminated by the artifact of upper eyelid movements.

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A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) arising in a recurrent juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) 20 years after radiation therapy is described. The MFH extended from the nasopharynx into the pterygomaxillary space and infratemporal fossa and infiltrated the skull base. Surgical excisions and radiotherapy caused temporary improvement, but the MFH recurred rapidly. Although administration of MTXVCR/ADM suppressed regrowth of the MFH for 3 months, the patient expired 32 months after initial hospital admission.
A review of the m edical literature revealed six other documented cases of sarcomatous transformation of JNA. In 5 of these cases, the JNAs had been irradiated before sarcomatous change. This high occurrence rate suggests the danger of indiscriminate application of radiation therapy in JNA.

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A 67-year-old woman complained of dull pain around the right orbita and temporal headache. She had suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and had been administered corticosteroid hormone.
Rhinoscopy revealed no abnormalities. Sinus X-ray findings revealed an increased radioopacity in the right ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses and computerized tomography demonstrated a soft tissue density lesion there.
Because of suspicion of mucormycosis, sinusitis or tumor, ethmosphenoidectomy was perfomed by way of the nasal and maxillary sinuses. Tyroid matter in the right ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses was proved to be aspergillus by histopathological examination.

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We encounterd a case of frontal pneumocele. The patient was a 46-year-old man, with chronic sinusitis. One year earlier, he had been treated for subcutaneous abscess on the same portion. The anterior wall of the frontal bone formed a small bone defect and the pneumocele was balooned out by Valsalva's maneuvre.
The cause of the pneumocele was thought to be expantion of the mucosa of the frontal sinus into the subcutaneous tissue by the air pressure coming through the naso-frontal duct.
We removed the pneumocele and covered thefrontal bone defect with a hydroxyapaceramic plate. After the operation, he was satisfied with his face.

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The level of serum IgE and IgG₄ antibodies, which are specific to dermatophagoides farinae, were estimated by indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay during immunotherapy with patients effected by house-dust. We studied 17 patients who had begun house-dust immunotherapy, and every month we measured the IgE and IgG₄ antibody titers in their serum.
The IgG₄ a ntibody titers were increased by immunotherapy (64.7%) and began to rise 24 weeks later. However, this was not correlated with nasal clinical symptom improvement.
In many observed cases, the IgG₄ antibody titers were high and the IgE antibody titers were low, this often appeared during immunotherapy (41.2%).
Whether specific IgG₄ did act as “blocking antibodies” during immunotherapy in nasal allergy patients, remained uncertain.

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We produced antigen-containing repository microspheres consisting of ovalbumin (OA) as an antigen and poly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) (LGA) as a biodegradabl e polymer for a safer and simpler method of antigen administration in rush immunotherapy. The efficacy and the changes of the immunological parameters obtained by rush administration of antigen-LGA microspheres were compared with those in a current rush immunotherapy model, a conventional immunotherapy model, and a linear antigen administration model using implantable osmotic pumps in guinea pig models. In the rush immunotherapy model using OA-LGA microspheres (LGA group), the threshold values in the antigen inhalation test was significantly increased after 10-week immunotherapy. The increase of the threshold value in the LGA group showed an intermediate type between the current rush immunotherapy model (rush group), and the conventional immunotherapy model (conventional group). The LGA group showed a most drastic increase of anti-OA IgG2 blocking antibody among the groups. The rush immunotherapy using implantable osmotic pumps (Alzet group) revealed only a gradual and slight increase of the threshold values in comparison with the other three groups. The Alzet group was inferior to the LGA group in the production of IgG2 blocking antibody despite the induction of IgE reagin. The excellent therapeutic effect of the LGA group compared to the Alzet group was attributable to the unique antigen releasing manner of antigen-LGA microspheres in which a relatively high dose of antigen was released in the early period, and also to the property of the microspheres to be easily ingested by phagocytes.
In conclusion the novel rush immunotherapy using antigen-LGA microspheres could be safer and simpler than the current method with an excellent therapeutic efficacy.

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In a retrospective study of patients who had visited our department between January,1985 and March,1991,15 out of 910 skin-tested cases were suspected of being non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES). To study the symptomatology of NARES, we compared the results with those obtained on randomly selected 50 allergic rhinitis cases.
NARES suspected patients seemed to have more severe rhinorrhea and sneezin g attacks with a high incidence of eye symptoms, such as itching sensations, as compared to allergic rhinitis patients. Nasal obstructions seemed to be more severe among the allergic rhinitis patients. Nasal obstructions seemed to be more severe among the allergic rhinitis patients. Perennial symptoms were observed in 75% of NARES-suspected patients and profound rhinorrhea with sneezing attacks occurring in the “on-again-off-again” pattern were observed in 63.6%. The degree of swelling of the nasal mucosa in these patients was lighter than that in patients with allergic rhinitis. This reflects the symptomatology of NARES suspected patients.
Average RIST I gE was 49.2 U/ml for NARES-suspected cases while it was 515.7 U/ml for allergic rhinitis cases. Similarily, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils was higher in allergic rhinitis cases than in NARES suspected cases, being 6.0% and 3.8%respectively. The average age of NARES-suspected cases was greater than that of allergic rhinitis cases,35 and 21.8 respectively. The number of female cases was greater in NARES-suspected group as opposed to males in the allergic rhinitis group.
Only 10 years have passed since NARES was first introduced by J acobs. Currently, active diagnosis of this syndrome is impossible and diagnosis can only be made through exclusion, that is, only after all the known causes of rhinitis have been ruled out. Further investigation of the symptomatology together with the investigation of the pathophysiology of this syndrome should lead us to active diagnosis of this syndrome.

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Chamaccypariso btusa (cypress) counts in Nagoya City were recorded in 1990 and 1991. The proportion of cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica) and cypress pollen varied from year to year, with the cypress count being 5.2% in 1990 and 34.7% in 1991. The frequency of positive reaction in skin tests and RAST (score>2) for cypress was 44.7% and 56.5%, respectively. One of these cases gave a positive intradermal reaction to cypress alone. This suggested the importance of cypress pollen in the late cedarcypress pollination season.

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Forty one patients with perennial allergic rhino-sinusitis were orally administered azelastin hydrochloride (Azeptin R) at a dose of 2 mg/day for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy and the safety were evaluated.
The clinical efficacy rate, which was estimated by the changes in the subjective symptoms and the objective findings including the roentgenographic changes in sinuses, was 53.7%.
There were no patients who showed any side effects throughout the trial. The clinical availability rate, which was evaluated by the clinical efficacy and the satety, was 53.7%. The patients who showed a shadow larger than moderate in X-ray photos of the sinuses in the pretreatment state revealed a high improvement rate as demonstrated by X-ray findings in the maxillary sinuses (70.0%) and in the ethmoidal sinuses (75.0%).
The patients who had nasal blockade as the main symptom showed a high clinical efficacy rate in comparison with the other patients.
These findings revealed that azelastin ( A zepti R) had an excellent clinical efficacy with a high safety for the patients with allergic rhino-sinusitis. They also suggested that the high efficacy of azelastin especially in the patients showing mucosal swelling in the nasal cavity or sinuses might be attributable to the inhibitory action of azelastin for leukotrienes or leukotrienes' synthesis.

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The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Mao-bushi-saishin-to extract capsules were investigated in Japanese cedar pollinosis according to our criteria for efficacy evaluation. The drug was administered to patients who were seen before the beginning of the scattering season (prophylaxis group,57 patients) and the course of onset and severity of symptoms were investigated in an early period of pollen scattering and 2 and 4 weeks after pollen scattering. The drug was also administered to patients who were seen after the beginning of the scattering season (therapy group,71 patients) to investigate its therapeutic effect. In addition, by reviewing the allergy diaries, the relationship between the scattered pollen count and each symptom was investigated.
In the prophylaxis group, the efficacy rate (>moderate) was 100% in the early period of scattering,55.1% at week 2 after scattering and 65.2% at week 4.
The severity rating was mild or less in 93.2% of the cases in the early period of scattering,44.9% at week 2 after scattering, and 50.0% at week 4. In 16 cases the severity was consistently mild or less throughout the study period. Administration of the drug for 2-4 weeks before scattering resulted in good prophylaxis. In the therapy group, the efficacyr ate (>good) was 44.9% at week 2 of treatment and 48.1% at week 4.
The allergy diaries revealedt hat the nasal and ocular symptomsw axed and waned with the status of pollen scattering. Sneezing, nasal discharge and interference with daily life were less severe in the prophylaxis group than in the therapy group which indicates the effectiveness of preseasonal medication.
Side effects, viz, ab d ominal distension, flush face, dry mouth and belching, were found in 4 cases but all were slight.
The utility rate ( >useful)w as 61.4% in the prophylaxisg roup and 49.3% in the therapy group.

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Mao-bushi-saishin-to extract capsules (6 caps. /day) were administered orally to 61 perennial nasal allergy patients presenting with nasal obstruction for 4 consecutive weeks to assess the overall efficacy, safety and utility of the drug. In the doctor's evaluation, the overall efficacy rate covering excellent and good responses was 38.3% at week 2 of treatment and 54.7% at week 4 of treatment. The utility rate covering useful and higher ratings was 60.7%.
Nasal symptoms, viz, sneezing attack, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, dysosmia and interference with daily living were all improved. Nasal obstruction, in particular, disappeared in many cases, thus generating a high improvement rate. Nasal mucosal findings, viz, swelling of inferior turbinal mucosa, watery secretion in nasal cavity, and nasal discharge eosinophil count showed good improvements.
The time course of each nasal symptom i n terms of the average score according to allergy diaries, revealed significant reduction in nasal obstruction, dysosmia and interference with daily life in severity at and after week 2 and sneezing and nasal discharge were significantly alleviated at week 4 as compared with the findings obtained during the baseline period.
As side effects, headache was reported in one case and stomachache in one case. These symptoms were relieved after discontinuation of treatment.

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A 86-year-old woman presented with an ulcerated tumor,19 X 20 mm, on the lower lip.
The histopathologic examination of the tumor revealed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
The primary lesion was resected with an 1.5 cm margin on each side and the excisional defect was repaired with modified McGregor's fan-shaped flap reported by Nakajima in 1984.
The prognosis was excellent both cosmetically and functionally and there has been no recurrence for 3.5 years postoperatively.
This method is suitable for defects involving over twothirds of the lower lip.

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The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between taste perception and oral complaints of a select group of elderly persons in relatively good health between 62 and 92 years old at a home for the elderly. The taste threshold was measured for four tastes, sweetness, saltiness, sourness and bitterness, using the dropping procedure. Fifty eight elderly persons (16 males and 42 females) and 15 normal volunteers, between 20and 37 years participated in the study. We interviewed the elderly persons, asking questions concerning oral complaints, smoking, drinking (alcoholic beverages), artificial teeth, dysgeusia, dysosmia, etc.
Compared to the v olunteer group, the elderly persons in their sixties through nineties showed a decrease in ability to perceive sour and bitter tastes. Concerning sweet and salty tastes, compared to the volunteer group, elderly persons in their sixties through eighties showed a decrease in the ability to perceive taste, while elderly persons in their nineties showed taste perception to be consistent with that of the volunteer group.
Twenty five of the 58 persons complained of abnormal oral conditions, such as a dry throat. The complaints were not related to person's ability to recognize the four tastes. The persons who drank alcoholic beverages had a statistically significant higher incidence of oral complaints. The ability to perceive bitter taste decreased for those who smoke and those whose tongue was coated with fur.

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We examined the adherence of Streptococcus Pyogenesto tonsillar epithelial cells, based on age and the presence or absence of a chronic infection, using a flowcytometry two-color analysis.
To determine the fibronectin on the tonsillar epithelial cells, we used the FITC-conjugated anti-fibronectin antibody, and to determine the bacterium, added avidin-PE to the biotinylated bacterium.
The number of bacteria adhering to epithelial cells decreased as a result of decreased fibronectin with the advance in age, and tonsillar epithelial cells from the patients with chronic infection contained more bacteria than those from normal healthy individuals. However, the patients with chronic infection are in remission.

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Tonsillectomy was performed on various diseases that were suspected to be the cause of tonsillar focal infection (pustulosis palmaris et plantaris: 18 cases, chronic urticaria: 5 cases, exudative erythema: 2 cases, psoriasis: 9 cases, others: 6 cases).
The relationship between postoperative prognosis and otorhinolaryngological examination parameter was examined.
There was no relationship between provocation test and tonsillectomy. There were many cases in which the postoperative prognosis was good or excellent among the cases with a positive negation test. WBC, ESR, body temperature, ASO and ASK were not related to the postoperative prognosis. It is necessary to find a more reliable method for the diagnosis of tonsillar focal infections.

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We report a 48-year-old man with carcinomas in three separate regions of the tongue. During treatment, newly developing carcinomas were found in the hypopharynx and esophagus. In the lower esophagus, field carcinogenesis was observed and was detected by Lugol's solution spraying method under esophagoscopy.
It is well recognized that tabacco and a lcohol significantly increase the risk of field carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. Our case also had a past history of drinking (Sake index: 200). Additionally, the correlation between multiple primary cancer of the head and neck and genetic predisposition such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been clarified. The types of HLA-A9 (24), Aw33, B5, B17, Cw3 and DR2 (w15) were detected in our case.
Currently, the clinician must be attentive to second primary cancer in order to extend the survival of patients.

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Lipoma, the most common soft tissue mesenchymal tumor, is extremely rare in the pharynx. A case of retropharyngeal lipoma is reported. The patient was a 36-year-old female with an asymptomatical submucosal tumor of the retropharynx. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-circumscribed mass with a fat density.
It is very difficult to distinguish between recurrent lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma from clinical and pathological features. Long-term postoperative follow-up is recommended because of the risk of recurrence of lipomas and the possibility of liposarcomas.

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We recently experienced a case of retropharyngeal abscess caused by pyogenic spondylitis. The patient was a 63-year-old male who visited our department complaining of dysphagia. Diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess was readily made from the local findings. After discission on the posterior wall of the pharynx profuse drainage of purulent discharge was observed. The inflammation seemed to subside gradually, but the tetraparesis was exacerbating. Pyogenic spondylitis was diagnosed through radiological studies. After this diagnosis was made, orthopedical surgery was performed and the prognosis of this patient seemed to be good.

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A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx is reported and the literature is reviewed. The patient was a 74-year-old man who had the complaint of hoarseness for three yers. A biopsy from the larynx was performed and preoperative histological diagnosis was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, total laryngectomy, right radical neck dissection and left conservative neck dissection were performed. Final pathologic diagnosis was mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx.
Greater than 95% of laryngeal malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx is very rare and only 59 cases have been reported. Our case and several other reported cases were initially incorrectly diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Some cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx may have been overlooked.

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Two pediatric cases of acquired laryngeal stenosis are reported.
Case 1: After measles, an 8-year-old male complained of husky voice caused by adherent stenosis in glottic anterior commissure. Treatment with a contact YAG laser was applied to open the adherent stenosis. Then a triangular silicic prism stent was held between the vocal cords by a nylon string.
Case 2: A 3-year-old male com plained of sudden dyspnea caused by subglottic stenosis after prolonged endotracheal intubation. Removal of subglottic cicatricial granulation and graft of oral mucosa were performed under laryngofissure. The enlarged subglottic space was kept by holding a silicic stent to prevent recurrent narrowing.
Chronic laryngeal stenosis is rare and presents variou s problems depending on the individual. There is no single treatment which has been universally successful. It is most important to choose proper treatment for each case.

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A rare case of a hypopharyngeal foreign body, a piece of stalk of green tea, is reported with a review of the literature.
A 45-year-old woman had been suffering from pharyngalgia and hoarseness for 3 days and she visited our hospital. She was treated with antibiotics as acute arytenoiditis, but this inflammation was refractory. Six weeks later, rigid esophagoscopy was done and we removed a piece of stalk of green tea lodged in the piriform recess.
The importance of a careful history from all patients with inflammation in the aerodigestive tract is emphasized.
The statistical fin d ings of pharyngeal foreign body cases in our hospital between 1981and 1990 are reported.
In total,121 cases of pharyngeal foreign bodies were treated. The incidence of pharyngeal foreign bodies is higher in children under 10 years of age and adults in their twenties, and is also higher in women than in men. Fish bones (108 cases,89%) were the usual foreign bodies lodged in the pharynx. The locations of foreign bodies were as follows: 56 cases (46%) lodged in the tonsil,37 cases (31%) in the base of the tongue,9 cases (7.4%)in the vallecula, and only 8 cases (6.6%) in the hypopharynx. Foreign bodies were lodged in the base of the tongue and the vallecula more frequently in older people than in younger people.

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During the 15 years from 1975 to 1989,101 patients (males: females= 48: 53) with foreign bodies in the esophagus were treated in our clinic.
The annual incidence appears to be increasing gr a dually. Two peaks were observed in the age distribution, one in the children below age 4 and the other in elderly people above 50.
Press-through-packs (PTP) were found in 27 cases (26.1%), coins in 15 cases (14.9%), and dentures in 14 cases (13.9%). Coins were found only in children.
The incidence of PTP foreign bodies appears to be increasing.

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We performed a basic study using the cisplatin-liposome to examine the efficacy of blood vessel embolism by the liposome itself, gradual discharge of the agent from the liposome, and affinity of the liposome to cells. Rats were allotted into 3 groups. Cis p latin and cisplatin-liposome were administered to rats by intravenous injection and intraarterial injection. In group 1, cisplatin alone was administered by intravenous injection, in group 2, cisplatin alone was administered by intraarterial injection, and in group 3, Cisplatin-liposome was administeted by intraarterial injection.
Total platinum concentration in the blood, liver, lungs, kidneys, and the muscle of branching area was measured for 7 days after injection.
Rats bearing tumors were also allotted into 3 groups. Cisplatin and cisplatin liposome were administered to the tumor-bearing rats by intravenous injection and intraarterial injection. In group 1, cisplatin alone was administered by intravenous injection, in group 2, cisplatin alone was administered by intraarterial injection, and in group 3, cisplatin-liposome was administered by intraarterial injection. Tumor size and total platinum concentration in the tumor were measured 8 days after injection, and the pathological changes of the tumor were observed. In all groups, the total platinum concentration in the blood dropped rapidly up to 2 hours after injection.
In all groups, the total platinum concentration in the blood, kidneys and lungs changed similarly. In all groups, the total platinum concentration in kidneys was high.
In the group administered cisplatin-liposome by intraarterial injection, the total platinum concentration in the muscle of the branching area and the liver was higher than that of the other groups.In the tumor-bearing rat group administered cisplatin-liposome by intraarterial injection, the tumor size was smaller than in the other groups, and the total platinum concentration in the tumor was higher than in the other groups. The pathological change of the tumor showed good anticancer efficacy of the cisplatin-liposome. These findings suggest that the cisplatin-lipo some is applicable to selective intraarterial chemotherapy.

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Local injection of OK-432 was performed on 5 patients with malignant head and neck tumors. Even though the tumor was relatively small, neither surgical resection nor aggressive chemotherapy was indicative in any of these patient.
Locally, cicatrizations were observed after severe inflammatory reactions. Lymph nodes persisted as indurations and did not disappear until the end.
Histologically, tumor cells were not noticed from samples o btatined after treatment. With this method of treatment, curative therapy is possible against relatively small tumors.

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Tomomi Itaya, Isato Tsuge, Toshio Kimura, Yasuhiro Ito, Masakazu Kouketsu and Syunkichi Baba (Nagoya City University Medical School)The relationship between the HLA type and disease has been reported by many authors. Watanabe (1983) reported that patients with HLA B5 (BW51, BW52) were considered to be highly responsive to OK-432.
We used local injection of OK-432 in 4 cases of head and neck tumor, and investigated the relationship between their respose and the HLA type, clinically and histologically.
Among our cases, we could not find any patients with HLA B5 highly responsive to OK-432. However, it is useful to know the responsiveness of OK-432 before treatment.

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To investigate the effects of the low powered laser in otolaryngeal fields, we conducted clinical studies. The laser used in this study was a He-Ne laser with a 632.8 nm wavelength and 8.5 mw power (Model PDT, Senko Medical Instrument Co, Tokyo). Eight patients were irradiated by the laser for 3 or 6 minutes per day, every day or every other day.
The sites irradiated were skin defects, fistula, failure of suture, stomatitis, pharyngeal ulcer, and oral mucosal ulcer. Six cases showed improvement, and 2 of them showed prominent improvement.

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