Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which can be prepared from various plant biomasses, are crystalline cellulose-based fibers with a width of 3–100 nm and have attracted attention as highly functional nanomaterials. Ehime Prefecture is a citrus-growing region in Japan, and its squeezed orange juice is well-known throughout the country. Massive amounts of peel waste are generated after juice processing, leading to waste management issue. Therefore, the effective use of citrus peel waste remains an issue, both locally and globally. The squeezed juice residue contains cellulose, which can serve as raw material for CNFs. Previous reports on the preparation and application of CNFs from citrus peels with primary cell walls are reviewed in this paper to summarize previous studies on CNFs derived from primary cell walls, which remain less well-known, and to discuss their potential development. This paper focuses on CNF preparation from citrus peels, analysis of their physical properties, development of applications, and discussion regarding CNFs from primary walls. This study suggests that the primary cell wall is novel raw material for producing highly advanced CNFs.

Vietnam’s agriculture is facing significant challenges from climate change, including drought, floods, salinity intrusion, etc. which threaten productivity and sustainability. This requires strategies to help crops combat these negative impacts and move towards sustainable agriculture. This review will explore endophytes-beneficial microorganisms that live within plants as a key solution to help Vietnamese agriculture improve productivity and combat climate change. Endophytes have been demonstrated to promote plant growth, improve nutrient uptake, and enhance resistance to extreme environmental conditions caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. Some strains also provide biocontrol properties that help plants resist common plant diseases and pests, thereby reducing dependence on industrial chemicals. This article summarizes studies on the isolation, characterization, and application of endophytes in Vietnamese agriculture. This approach represents a forward-looking step toward building a sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural framework in the context of a changing climate.

Tidal currents are the result of oceanic flow caused by tides and are a source of renewable energy. The tides reverse direction every half cycle, with one cycle taking between a half day to a full day, depending on location. It is therefore possible to predict the power generated by tidal power generation system. This study presents a tidal power generation system using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) under variable-speed operation. Previously studies have investigated the gear ratios and generator capacities for producing maximum annual energy while operating the system under maximum power-point tracking control, constant turbine output control or constant rotor voltage control. In this study, we investigated the gear ratios and generator capacities for producing maximum annual energy while change the constant stator current and the generated maximum current speed. As a result, the annual capacity factor increased as the generated maximum current speed decreased. At the generated maximum current speed of 2.0 m/s, the annual capacity factor was about 38.67% for the constant stator current is range of -1.70 to -1.05 pu. The response of a speed control system employing the gear ratio and generator rated capacity was examined. It was shown that slip and stator d-axis current closely followed the desired values.