日本における大型製材工場が，自らの製材端材を利用してFIT発電所を稼働した場合の採算性改善効果を評価した。以下の２つのシナリオにおいて各種採算性評価指標を比較した。シナリオ１：製材工場は，チップ，鋸屑，プレーナー屑の副製品を製紙会社および敷料会社に販売する。シナリオ２：製材工場は，FIT発電所を隣接地に設立し，副製品をその発電所に販売する。シナリオ２における発電所は，投資額が大きく，投資回収により多くの期間を要するためIRR，NPVは低く算出された。しかしながら，製造した電力は，FITにより20年間の固定買取が保証されている。製材工場における製品の販売単価が3％減少しただけで，シナリオ１の利益は大きく減少するが，シナリオ２は全ての採算性評価指標でシナリオ１より優れた結果となった。

Ozone is a powerful oxidant and is reactive toward lignin. Ozone can be used as an oxidant in pre-treatment process of lignocellulose material without producing any toxic residues nor making structural changes in cellulose and hemicellulose during ozonolysis process. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone for the delignification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The effect of 20, 40 and 60 mesh particle size, 30, 40 and 50% moisture content, and 30, 45 and 60 minute reaction time as well as their interactions, on lignin degradation, holocellulose content and reducing sugar concentration is investigated using response surface methodologies (RSM) with Design Expert 10. The total number of pre-treatment variations is determined by Box Behnken. The results show that ozonolysis is an effective method for delignifying lignin up to 63.86% and for increasing cellulose up to 40.95%. The ozonolysis process is able to degrade lignin and hemicellulose without decreasing the cellulose. The optimum condition of lignin degradation after the ozonolysis pre-treatment occurs at the condition with 40 mesh particle size, 50% moisture content and 30 minute reaction time. Enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB which has underwent ozonolysis pre-treatment can increase the concentration of reducing sugar. The optimum condition for lignin degradation is 42.42% and the reducing sugar concentration of 0.40 g / L is determined by the condition with 40 mesh particle size, 30% moisture content and 39.6 minute reaction time.

本稿では，連続水蒸気爆砕前処理を用いた廃菌床からの第２世代バイオエタノールの実証生産について報告する。廃菌床は日本において有力な第２世代バイオエタノール原料である。また，水蒸気爆砕は廃菌床の前処理法として有力である事が知られている。 最適な爆砕条件は繊維分析と実験室での糖化試験で評価された。得られた最適な爆砕条件で連続的に爆砕された廃菌床を容量8 m³の糖化槽で48時間糖化後，容量5 m³の発酵槽で発酵させた。投入した廃菌床に含まれるC6糖の61％が糖化発酵され，濃度1.8％のエタノールを含むもろみが得られた。

Oil palm plantation is a very potential source of feedstock for biodiesel production in Indonesia. Its productivity is high in terms of biomass, such as fresh fruit bunch (FFB), trunk and frond. FFB can be processed into crude palm oil (CPO) and further into biodiesel. Currently, most CPO productions are exported even though a domestic demand for biodiesel is increased. The problem might be due to a low added value of biodiesel production from CPO/FFB. The objectives of this study were to estimate the potential production of biomass from oil palm plantation and calculate the economic value of FFB as feedstock for biodiesel. Data were obtained from observation and survey at one of large stated-owned oil palm plantation companies in Indonesia. The results showed that potential production of biomass were 42.10 tons/ha/year based on photosynthetical approach. Further, based on conversion return approach, economic value of FFB when processed into CPO was found about USD 121.82 per ton FFB and this value would decrease to USD 95.20 per ton FFB is processed into biodiesel. This indicates that the CPO production is economically more favorable than biodiesel production. If the price of CPO decreases by more than 15%, implying at least 13% decrease in biodiesel production cost; the expansion of FFB use as bioenergy would be expected as the economic value of FFB derived from biodiesel production would be higher than that obtained from CPO production.