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Volume 44, Issue 8
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[in Japanese]1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 547-548
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (300K) -
Akira Shimomura1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 549-558
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of petroleum products in the gas industry is nothing novel, for “gas oil”was the usual enricher in the pre-war carburetted water gas practice. However, after the war, it was substituted by heavy oil (crude in the case of Japan) and later by naphtha on economical as well as technical reasons. A much more serious change took place when petroleum products, no longer a subsidiary material, became the main raw material for the manufacture of town gas on accoount of: rising difficulties in obtaining suitable coals for carbonisation, and also in disposing of byproduct coke at a profitable price; and easiness in obtaining various kinds of petroleum products at favourable prices from large refineries which were newly installed in many places.
The oil gasification started in the line of well-established water gas practice using heavier oils at first. But it was soon found that the gas so made was unsuitable for town gas. The use of catalysts for town gas production made an epoch, and such cyclic catalytic plants as ONIA-GEGI, SEGAS and many others became very polular not only in Europe but also in Japan. The versatility of these plants for using various kinds of petroleum products was dropped, and they now use solely naphtha which has been found to be the most economical material bringing out many technical advantages.
The idea of centralization of gas manufacture and long distance transporation of gas under high pressure invited the introduction of the newly developed I. C. I. process for making from naphtha a lean gas, which was originally meant for a synthesis gas. For enrichment of the I. C. I. gas it was quite opportune that the importation of the Saharan natural gas was realized, and indcustrialization of the Recycle Hydrogenator (G. R. H.) and Catalytic Rich Gas (C. R. G.) process, both the fruits of long pains-taking research work at the Midlands Reseach Station (Gas Council) under the guidance of Dr. Dent, was successful.
Three major topics in Europe regarding natural gas, viz.(i) marine transportation of liquefied natural gas, (ii) newly found vast gas-fields in Groningen, Holland, and (iii) gas and oil search in the North Sea are also mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (1444K) -
Yoshiro Morita1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 559-563
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are four processes of oil gasification which are used to prod-uce petrochemical raw materials and town gas, i. e., (1) thermal cracking, partial oxidat-ion, hydrogenolysis and the other.
The author elucidating the typical papers picked up from already-published many papers, then describes how the researches have been carried out and what the future trends and problems are.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Kiroku Yamazaki1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 564-574
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recent zoom of motor vehicle population especially in large cities in Japan throws serious problem for air pollution as with modern cities in other country.
Motor vehicle pollutants come from three sources- exhaust, crankcase emissions and evapolation. Except the last one depends mainly upon control of combustion and maintenance of engine.
Principal differences in burning mechanism of premixed and diffusion flames are described on standpoint of carbon or soot formation in order to undertsand the nature of exhaust from gasoline or Diesel vehicles incuding polybenzenoid substances some of which are considered to be a contributor for cancer.
Content of exhaust pollutants- carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon and its incomplete combustion products alter in wide range according to driving conditions of vehicle as idling, acceleration, cruising and decceleration. It is important to note that hydrocarbon emission is extremely remarkable in decceleration step.
Diesel exhaust is rather clean compared to gasoline powered one and propane makes remarkable no improvement for exhaust pollutants.
Exhaust control devices- catalytic and afterburner- developed in America are briefly reviewed.
Improvement of engine itself in order to cut incomplete combustion to roll back air pollutants is also elucidated.
Estimations of American scholars for future hydrocarbon emission under exhaust control are cited.View full abstractDownload PDF (1463K) -
Futoru Yoshimura, Shinji Mitsui, Tadayoshi Mitani1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 575-581
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of inert substances (alumina, active charcoal, coke, silica gel and quartz powder) on differential thermal analysis (DTA) of swelling coal was studied.
Some peaks appeared on the DTA of swelling coal under reduced pressure (3mm /Hg) between 350°C and 550°C, but these were not reproducible, and were considered due to not only thermal change during carbonization but also dilatation of coal. When the swelling of the coal was reduced by mixing with inert substance, only one reprodu-cible endothermic peak appeared between 350°C and 550°C. This endotherm was related mainly to the latent heat of volatile matter. The temperature of endothermic peak was slightly different with kind of inert substance or mixing ratio, and these differences were seemed due to thermal diffusibility of inert substances or samples.
The effect of adsorption by alumina, coke or quartz powder on DTA of coal was slight but that of silica gel was remarkably. However, it seemed that the adsorption of imert substances did not affect on the temperature of endothermic peak.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
Kazutoshi Imuta, Yasumasa Yamashita, Koji Ouchi, Hideo Tanaka1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 582-590
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principal objective of this study was to find a selective reaction that would depolymerize coal under mild enough conditions to permit recovery of the unaltered monomeric units.
Depolymerization reaction with sulphonic acids-phenols was found to be effective.
Various rank of coals were treated at various temperatures with p-toluene sulphonic acid in phenol.
Extensive depolymerization occurred and the solubility in pyridine and benzene-ethanol increased.
The molecular weight calculated from the saturated weight is 300-450, which agreed well with the values determined experimentally for the pyridine soluble materials. The OH content of the reacted coals also increased, but a dehydration reaction took place simultaneously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
1965 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 596-600
Published: August 20, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (706K)
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