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48 巻, 12 号
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昭和44年10月1日石炭科学会議講演宮津 隆, 遠藤 正1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 853-860
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThis paper reviews on the prob-lems of analysis methods used in the studies of coals. Though accurate and sensitive methods must be required in the studies of coal, JIS M8810-14 (Analysis and Testing of Coal and Coke) which are usually employed, are not“reference method” but industrial standards. Therefore, there are many points which must be modified in above JIS, for that purpose. The following subjects are explained and discussed in this paper:
1) Proximate analysis
2) Estimation of mineral matter content in coal using,
a) calculation formula,
b) direct determination, and
c) graphical estimation by the determina-tion of calorific values.
3) Ultimate analysis, especially, determination of carbon dioxide presented as carbonate, and oxygen content.
4) Microfication of coal analysis
a) effect of reduction of sample particle size
b) effect of mixing of sample
c) estimation of theoretical numbers of particles required for each analysis抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1141K) -
昭和44年10月1日石炭科学会議講演高橋 良平, 三木 孝1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 861-868
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper the relationship between the structural movement and the coalification in the Amakusa coal field, Kumamoto Prefecture, is discussd. The six movements of different type, which happened in the different ages, are discriminated from the geological investigation. The first one was subsiding movement of the the basement, by which the sediments of the Tertiary were accumulated. During and afetr the deposition of the Tertiary the coal altered diagenetically.
The second movement caused the igneous activity, and a lot of igneous rocks such as tholeiitic basalt, hornblende-quartz andesits, etc. came out, of which the andesite intruded into the coal seams of the northern part, resulted in the products of natural cokes or “Kawarake”.
Prior to this thermal alteration, the coal might be in bituminous-rank. The third movement was the folding, through which “the Ittyoda Synclinal Structure was formed.” Because this movement was more intense in the central and southern parts of the field, the coalification in these parts was higher than that in the northern part.
According to the following fourth fold move-ment, which was stronger in the northern part just contrary to the former case, the coalification-grade became reverse that is known at present. It is noted here that in this movement coal balls of “Kawarake and Kiratan” and Schungit were formed, both of them are presumed to be formed only under strong compressive force.
Up to this movement the main coalification of the Amakusa coal might have been completed, resulting in that no more serious alteration of coal occured, although the fifth and sixth movemenets were in turn taken place.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1561K) -
昭和44年10月1日石炭科学会議講演向井 滋, 若松 貴英, 志田 芳久, 石川 恒夫1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 869-876
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to recover the bright coal concentrate from coal as well as the high quality coal concentrate of low ash, the electrostatic separation of coal was investigated using some typical coal samples in Japan. From the experiments of the coal separation in the corona dischrge field it was recognized that the recovery of the coal which has less than 3.0% ash content amounted to more than 96%. The concentrate was ascertained micro-scopically as the bright coal concentrate. It is much better in the corona discharge field to recover the coal concentrate of low ash than in the field without corona discharge. The effect of humidity on the electrostatic separation of coal was then studied. From the experi-mental results it was clear that the electrostaic separation was excellent in about 60% relative humidity of atmosphere. Thus, the separation of bright coal from coal is successful by electrostatic separation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1630K) -
昭和44年10月1日石炭科学会議講演藤原 幸男, 吉村 慶英1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 877-883
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the present report, the experiments of two different kinds were performed by use of the solid fuel samples, whose ash contents were varied extremely. The one is the experiment in the thermo-balance (in this case, burning boundary surface area does not change during the period of combustion), and the other is the experiment on the spherical sample (in this case, burning boundary surface area is reduced during the period of combustion).
As the result, from the experiment in the thermo-balance, it is supposed that the reactions have three steps, that is: the dehydration of moisture, the dehydration of crystal water and the reaction of combustion respectively.
And in the application of the Yagi Model to the spherical samples, we can not reached to a comfortable result.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1272K) -
昭和44年10月2日石炭科学会議講演横山 晋, 真壁 正孝, 伊藤 光臣, 武谷 愿1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 884-891
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2011/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThe present work on the deuteration of coal extracts was attempted to gain more information of coal structure, since the informations from previously reported papers were mainly concerned with the structural conception and no mention of its reactivity derivable from its structure has been made.
In this study, deuterophosphoric acid-boron trifluoride complex was used as a deuteration reagent. First, the deuteration of some authentic hydrocarbons was made in ordr to determine the reactivity based on the structure of these hydrocarbons. It was found that the deuteration of aromatic hydrocarbons occured readily at 65°C in two hours, and aromatic hydrogens were deuterated up to 80% or more. The deuteration in the alkyl parts of the alkyl aryl hydrocarbons was observed only in the case of cumene and tetralin, and almost all aliphatic hydrocarbons were not substituted under the above conditions.
These results may be useful for the analyses of the aromatic structure and reactivity of coal. Thus in the present work, a pyridine extract of Yubari coal was used for the application of deuteration. The content of deuterium was also calculated by means of a measurement of density of heavy water formed by combustion. In infra-red spectroscopy, especially absorption in the region of C.H stretching (near 2920cm-1) and out-of-plane deformation (920 -680cm-1) were so remarkable that their specific absorbance (the integral intensity in the case of out-of-plane deformation) could be utilized as a parameter of the deuteration on aromatic and aliphatic hydrogens.
In the case of pyridine extract, the reaction also proceeded rapidly, and 15 minutes from the onset of the reaction was sufficient to change 63% of the total exchangeable hydrogen. It was summarized that there was a limit of reaction under such a condition (17 hours at 65°C) and the total exchangeable hydrogen of the raw material was 27.3%. It was found that the aromatic substitution was faster than aliphatic substitution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1602K) -
昭和44年10月2日石炭科学会議講演長谷部 新次, 常本 武, 竹下 健次郎, 有田 静児1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 892-899
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーSome reagents were added to two kinds of coals, “Miike” and “Matsushima” in order to remove the sulfur during carbonization.
As a sources of active hydrogen, tetraline, isopropyl alcohol and cyclohexane were used.
At the temperature of 500-600°C, tetraline was more effective than hydrogen, to remove the sulfur from coal, but it was not so effective at the temperature higher than 700deg;C.
After converting the organic sullfur to inorganic one, they were washed with water, aqueous acids or alkalines.
Some of Fe-compounds, for example Fe (OH) 3, FeCl2, FeCl3, K4Fe (CN) 6 etc., were also used in Matsushima coal and the mixtures were carbonized at 750deg;C, but it is not so practical.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1369K) -
昭和44年10月2日石炭科学会議講演伊牟田 和敏, 大内 公耳1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 900-904
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe petroleum ether extracts of depolymerized Tempoku coal were analysed by gas chromatography . The principal peak detected were 9-methoxyphenyl xanthene, 2-methoxyphenyl benzofuran, dimethoxy diphenylmethan, dimethoxydibenzyl and xanthone.
The most abundant derivative of these compounds was 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-xanthene. Total number of separated peaks was 35.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (610K) -
塩素ガスおよび過酸化水素水による脱硫向井 滋, 荒木 百合子, 小西 正治, 音村 圭一郎1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 905-912
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to remove the sulphur, the bituminous coal with high sulphur content was treated with chlorine gas and hydrogen peroxide. The conventional coal preparation technique was insufficient to reduce the sulphur content of the coal used in this study.
On the treatment with chlorine gas, some amounts of coal particles were suspended in water, and then chlorine gas was introduced in this suspension for 0.5-6 hours. This treatment reduced considerably the total sulphur content in the coal. But, unfortunately, the coal treated with chlorine gas showed the unfavourable effect on the caking property. This difficulty was solved to some extent by adding some amounts of pitch, to the chlorine treated coal.
On the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, the aqueous solution of the 3% concentration was used. Some amounts of the coal particles were suspended in the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. By this treatment, it was confirmed that the inorganic sulphur in the coal was perfectly removed and the caking property of the product was not changed by this treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1312K) -
石炭および加熱炭の微細孔隙構造に関する研究戸田 雄三, 豊田 貞治, 本田 英昌, 畑見 正男, 吉田 雄次1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 913-919
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe changes in pore structure of six kinds of Japanese coals heat treated up to 900°C were measured by the absorption of carbon dioxide at 298°K and 273°K.
The micro-pore volume, the parameter of static pore size distribution, and the parameter of dynamic pore size were calculated from the intercept and gradient of Dubinin-Polanyi equation and the ratio of the amounts adsorbed during first 10 minutes to those of equilibrium state.
The micro-pore volume decreased slightly with the increase of HTT and showed a minimum at about 400°C. Then increased to about 600°C in all the samples investigated. At the higher temperature than about 600°C, the values of coals of higher rank than 85%C decreased sharply with the increase of HTT, but those of coals lower rank than 85%C flattened off or increased slightly.
It was found that the changes of pore structure were mainly due to the oozing out of tarry materials, demethanation, dehydrogenation and thermal shrinkage, in the range of HTT of about 100-400°C, about 400-700°C and above about 700°C, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1025K) -
加熱炭の偏光顕微鏡による研究杉村 秀彦, 熊谷 光照, 木村 英雄, 本田 英昌1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 920-927
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe changes of reflectance and anisotripic structure of heat-treated coals have been examined.
The reflectance of H.T. coals in creases with the rise of heating temperature, and the increasing rate of reflectance is abruptly great above the resolidification temperature .
Howerer, the accurate measurements of the reflectance are difficult above the resolidification temperature due to the development of anisotropic texture.
The anisotropic texture appeared in the H. T. coals is assorted as follows; isotropic texture, fine and coarse mosaic texture, incompletely and completely fibrous texture, and leaflet texture.
On the basis of this assortment, the degree of development of anisotropic regions has been estimated quantitatively with point-counter methods.
1) The variation of anisotropic texture depends on the rank of coal.
For non caking and weakly caking coals, it is difficult to find the anisotropic texture in the heat treated coal and the isotropic texture keeps even at the higher temperature.
In case of caking coals, the mosaic texture appears by heating, and the same texture hold up to the higher temperature .
For coking coals, the isotropic texture turns to masaic and fibrous textures. Then the latter increases with the rise of heating temperature.
2) The temperature at which anisotropic textue appears.
The anisotropic texture becomes obervable for caking and coking coals kept for 4 hours at constants temperature in the range 390-400°C.
3) The effect of residence time
For coking coal heated at 400°C, the anisotropic region expands gradually with residence time.
And the region of fibrous texture increases with the icrease of residence time.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2252K) -
昭和44年10月1日石炭科学会議講演高橋 良平, 永井 利明1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 928-934
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーQuantitative prediction method of coke-strength from coal petrographic analysis of row coals has been developed in many countries and is still being improved. One method developed by N. Schapiro of the U.S. Steel Corp.is really worthy and indeed in use for the routine works. In agreement to the N. Schapiro's method, we have studied the same subject using all the kinds of imported and domestic coals, and made the expedient diagram for calculation of coke-strength. It is, however, not enough for the cokes produced from the low rank coals. We reinvestigate, therefore, “Gefuge” of the screened coke under the microscope, taking the quantitative-, and qualitative relationships between reactive and inert macerals into consideration, which are considered to play definite roles on cokestrength. The results obtained may throw a light on the the problem, whether prediction of coke-strength from coal petrographical analysis is available for all cokes produced from all sorts of coals.
They are summarized as follows;
1) Coke-strength is primarily affected by the quantitative and qualitative relationships be tween reactive and inert macerals. The character and distribution of crystallites in cell-walls of cokes, however, have an influence indirectly upon strength of cokes.
2) Shrinking crack has a tendency that occurs more easily in amorphous or microcrystalline cell-wall than in well crystallized one. The crack is of macroscopic order and occurs independently from the sort of macerals.
3) Evaluation of crack-genesis is not yet established, but coupling the value with the one from coalpetrographical analysis, the prediction of coke-strength may become more accurate and usefull for the routine cokemaking work.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1420K) -
1969 年 48 巻 12 号 p. 940-943
発行日: 1969/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (632K)
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