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56 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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神谷 佳男1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 75-76
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (239K) -
森田 義郎, 木村 孝良1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 77-83
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe efficent utilization of residual oil and coal has become a important problem since energy crisis. Gasification of residual oil and coal with basic catalysts such as sodium carbonate and calcium oxide has been attracted attention because of their promoting effect for the reaction and their ability of desulfurization. However, a fundamental understanding of the catalysis of basic materials for gasification has lagged for far behind its industrial applications.
This paper reviews catalysis of basic materials for reactions of carbon-oxygen containing gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam). In this review, the mechanism of catalysis of alkali compounds was classified by oxygen-transfer mechanism and electron-transfer mechanism. Problems in the study for mechanism of catalysis of basic materials on gasification of residual oil were discussed on the basis of the mechanisms classified.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1001K) -
椿 孟1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 84-93
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーMaking reference to the fact that iron and steel industry plays a great part in Japan's total energy consumption, this paper reports energy balance and ts consumption at various areas of the iron and steel industry in Japan, particularly of integrated works.
This paper also relates development and its trend on energy-saving technique.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1213K) -
アスファルトスルホン化溶媒としての芳香族抽出残渣油の適性工藤 一至, 寺田 清, 横川 晃, 三戸岡 憑之, 石橋 一二1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 94-102
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe suitability of raffinate (non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil) as solvent for asphalt was investigated. The experimental results were as follows;
When char, precursor from asphalt to activated carbon, was produced in the raffinate as solvent, boiling at 90-150°C, a portion of raffinate reacted with acid and the produced granulated char was changed to lumps with over 4 mesh size. This phenomenon was dissolved by using the higher fraction of raffinate. The raffinate boiling at 120-150°C was the most suitable for producing granulated char.
The hardness of char obtained by using 5/1 (wt./wt.) of the raffinate boiling at 120-150°C and 1.5/1 (wt./wt.) of 25%-oleum to asphalt was larger than that of char obtained by using 10/1 (wt./wt.) of 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane and 1.5/1 (wt./wt.) of 60%-oleum to asphalt.
The average recovery of the raffinate was about 95% and it was 2-3% lower than that of halogenated hydrocarbons or n-paraffines Accordingly, it was clear that an interraction between solvent and acid as pretreatment reagent took place in case of the raffinate.
It was easy to produce granulated char from asphalt by adding some powdered char as raw material with raffinate, and the optimum weight ratio of powdered char to asphalt was 10% by weight.
When char was activated with steam at 850°C for 30 min., the yield of the activated carbon was 42-55% based on asphalt. This yield was relativery higher than the activated carbon from 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane as a solvent, but the specific surface area of the former was relatively smaller than the latter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1032K) -
佐藤 寛樹, 神谷 佳男1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 103-109
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the mechanism of hydrogen-donor solvent extraction of coal, the reaction of Oyubari coal with various aromatic solvents under hydrogen pressure was investigated.
The solvents generally fulfilled the main role of hydrogen donation to the coal, while at the low concentrations of hydrogen donating solvent the molecular hydrogen could participate in the extraction reaction. Therefore, hydroaromatic compounds such as tetralin having highly hydrogen donating character have shown a good effect on the liquefaction of coal. The dissolution of coal required only the minimum amount of hydrogen donating solvent, about 1.0g of tetralin per 1g of dissolved Oyubari coal, which could supply sufficient hydrogen to the thermally decomposed fraction of coal.Although high temperature was favorable for the extraction reaction, the optimum temperature was determined to be 420-450°C because of the coking and gasification of coal and loss of solvents. Since the extraction was very fast in the early stage, most of reaction completed within 30 minuted.
The gaseous products were mainly composed of hydrogen from the dehydrogenation of tetralin and methane from the thermal cracking of coal.
Coal extracts were ashless and low sulfur solid materials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (799K) -
銅-アルミナ触媒の触媒特性値と脱硝活性藤元 薫, 堀井 典子, 鹿田 勉, 冨永 博夫, 功刀 泰碩1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 110-117
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIt wat found that copper-alumina catalysts prepared by a precipitation method had high activities for the reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia. The relationships between the method of preperation and the catalytic properties including activity were studied. A catalyst prepared from copper sulfate as a raw material retained several weight percent of sulfate anion and gave the NO conversion of more than 99% at temperatures higher than 300°C and at space velocity of 20, 000 hr-1.
The catalyst prepared by the co-precipitation has very small pores and it was suggeted that the rate of reaction was determined by the diffusion of reactants or products within these pores. The catalyst prepared by a seperated precipitation method had larger pores with a mean diameter of about 110 Å and thus the reaction rate was estimated to be determined by the surface reaction even at higher temperature. By treating sulfate free catalyst with SO2 under the reaction condition, sulfate ion was incorporated on to the catalyst and it exhibited the catalytic properties similar to that of the catalyst made from copper sulfate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (974K) -
銅-アルミナ触媒上でのNO-NH3反応に影響を与える操作因子藤元 薫, 堀井 典子, 鹿田 勉, 冨永 博夫, 功刀 泰碩1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 118-125
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーOperational factors affecting the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) by ammonia on precipitated copper oxide-alumina catalysts were studied. On a sulfate ion free catalyst the reaction rate reached maximum at about 280°C giving rise to nearly complete NO conversion. At the higher temperature the conversion of NO declined due to oxidative decomposition of NH3. The catalyst which was of copper sulfate and contained sulfate ion exhibited a high activity above 300°C and the conversion of NO on the catalyst was always more than 99% under the following condition: NH3/NO= 1.5-4.0 (mol ratio), space velocity= 20, 000 cc/g-hr (STP), reaction temperature= 300-400°C.
Oxygen in the gas phase accelerated the NO conversion rate more than ten times at around 250°C. Sulfur dioxide in the gas phase inhibited, to some extent, the reac-tion in the concentration range from 0 to 2, 000ppm. Steam, in the concentration range of 1-20vol%, suppressed the reaction greatly. However, if sulfate ion existed in the catalyst, the suppression by steam was fairly mild, and if sulfur dioxide is added in the gas phase steam showed little effect on the reaction.
Reaction order with respect to NO ranged between 0.62 to 0.93 depending on the catalyst and the reaction condition. The catalyst containing sulfate ion exhibited the high reaction order. The reaction rate was independent of the concentration of NH3 in large excess.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (866K) -
1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 134-137
発行日: 1977/02/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (532K) -
1977 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 141
発行日: 1977年
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (88K)
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