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60 巻, 11 号
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中村 悦郎1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 873
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (212K) -
河野 俊之1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 874-885
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーSince the petroleum crisis in 1973, the automobile industry has exerted an effort toward promoting the research and development on alternative engines and fuels in consideration of dwindling oil resources.Stimulated by the gloomy oil problem, the industry is working out measures to deal with energy conservation through reviewing various alternative engines, which have been developed originally with an aim to emission control.Our expectations are, however, that there would be appeared in the near future no alternative type of engines worthy of replacing the existing internal-combustion engines.The fuels for automobile must have an excellent property on conveyance in supplies.On this point, there would be found no other better fuels than the current petroleum based fuels.For some years to come, we have to regard petroleum based fuel as the main post for automobile fuels.In this context, an effort should be made to deal with energy saving through automotive technology, while another effort should be made to develop alternative fuel without imposing greater changes on the existing engines, for example, blending of alcohol with gasoline.The coal resources, which still remain in a large quantity, should be utilized much more.The use of electric-powered vehicles should be a means for oil saving, the power of which can be charged with atomic-power or coal generated electricity.Inasmuch as battery charging still remains as a difficult problem, electric-powered vehicles will not increase greatly in the future.In addition, we cann't expect for increasing the utilization of coal and coal liquefied oil owing to their high cost.There should be also a difficulty in the utilization of hydrogen as an automobile fuel owing to troublesome carriage, though its resource exists in a limitless quantity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1774K) -
関谷 義男1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 886-895
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe history of bunker (Fuel of Marine Engine) was commenced for steam ships.Until that period, energy for marine power was wind only for sailing ships or human's own power of oars and etc.Modern shipping business in Japan begins only 100years ago following steam ships, and bunker was applied with solid fuel, coal.Develop-ment of marine engine, E.G.reciprocating steam engine was modified to Diesel Engine, which was the starting of transition in bunker, from solid to liquid fuel.Beginning in the early in1970s the rapid increase of oil prices in world pushed up the bunker cost of shipp-ing economy in Japan, and super low grade bunker oil is suppling to marine engine now.Development of technology to use these super low grade bunker oil is to be most important matter in future fuel situation of marine engine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1645K) -
斎藤 雄志1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 896-902
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThis paper discusses the fuel problems in the electric power industry in connection with the long term energy supply and demand subjects. The electricity demand and the substitute energy problems are the central core to discuss the fuels for the electric sector.The comparisons are given on the energy and electricity demand forecasts made by some organizations.The role of electric power industry and its problems in changing the energy supply structure are also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1036K) -
熊本 佳党1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 903-913
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn line with depression of petroleum resources all over the world it is anticipated that in the future tendency for unstabilized oil supplies, higher pricing and deterioration in quality will be further enhanced. Under such circumstances, description has been made covering current status of demands for industrial fuels, trends for demands in the future, and further relative to trends for technical development associated therewith, putting the focus on industrial boilers, within the extent of the sight of the author reaches.As for industrial fuels, there are available petroleum, LNG, and coal.But simple revival of coal likely to run reverse to the course of the age will be difficult, and particularly on industrial boilers, it is considered impossible.Therefore, as fuel for industrial boilers, petroleum and LNG will be the main stream for about the years to come.Petroleum fuels will become ever heavier in quality, and it is considered that associated with issues of ecology problems energy saving techniques will be advanced and then, weight shared by LNG will be increased little by little.Subsequently, when know-hows of gasification and liquifaction of coal put to practical application, coal and LNG may be main stream.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1838K) -
山本 直幸, 十市 勉1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 914-926
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe rate of increase for energy demand in the residential and com-mercial sectors has been relatively large when compared with those of industrial and transportation sectors.But when examined for the next10or20years, it will be remarkably saturated because of low economic growth, the improvement of energy conservation through the rapid increase of energy prices and change of people's life style.That is to say, the annual increase rate for future energy demand in residential and commercial sectors will be reduced to2.9-3.5% from1979to1990and1.5-1.8% from1990to the year2000, which is much lower than the past.Despite the drop of rate of increase for the total energy demand, if the real price of oil will be continuously hiked as OPEC countries insist, the residential energy prices will be also increased and will affect the total national living standard, especially the damage to the lower income families will be serious.In the residential and commercial sectors, energy conservation and substitutions may occur.Therefore, the potentials for oil conservation is large depending on relative price changes among energies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1465K) -
都市ガス用原料としてのLNG山口 謙治1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 927-933
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーThe basic mission of city gas industry is to supply gas stably and safely.At the same time, they, as an energy supply industry, are expected to contribute to the national energy policy.The main themes of the energy policy are to promote energy conservation and to expand the introduction of alternative energies to oil.City gas industry responds to the policy by increasing the use of LNG.To promote the wide use of LNG, the city gas industry is active in creating new demand, such as cooling by city gas, whose main feedstock is LNG, and utilizing LNG in the field of industry. Replacing as much electricity with gas for air conditioning demand in summer, “cooling by gas”will improve the operation rate of facilities in the field of city gas industry, and as for the electric industry, it will reduce the capacity of facilities at the peak in summer.Today, the heat energy in the industrial heat field is supplied by oil-based feedstocks.However, using LNG in the field of industry will help expand the demand of non-oil based energy.At present, there are249gas undertakings in Japan.Gas supplied by them is grouped into14combustion types, which causes poor service and safety levels for the customers.Therefore, gas undertakings are working to reduce the groups to the minimum.Among them LNG type gas group is considered to be one of the best from an economic and energy efficiency stand point.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (875K) -
田中 保雄1981 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 934-942
発行日: 1981/11/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーJapanese chemical industry serves a lot in its technology the electronics and other industries in Japan by providing them with their parts and materials.The che-mical industry plays an essential part in developing such future technologies as the alterna-tive energy, biotechnology, new ceramics and so on.At present, Japanese chemical industry have an unexperienced hard time in securing their main raw materials.Furthermore, Japanese chemical industry which has lost their power in the international competition, faces a mass import of intermediate products from U.S.A.at present and from Canada in the near future.Such being the situation, it is very difficult to estimate for us the volume of raw materials in home consumption even if we are able to estimate the demand of the finished goods.Constant efforts are being made in the research and development of new raw materials to solve the existing problems, but it will not be realized until the21st Century.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1376K)
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