Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-226X
Print ISSN : 0369-3775
ISSN-L : 0369-3775
Volume 60, Issue 6
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    1981 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 393
    Published: June 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Ikuo TAMORI
    1981 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 394-408
    Published: June 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A large number of stack dust measurement are widely carried out for the purpose of air pollution, combustion, product controls, and so on.In general these measurements are manually performed by the gravimetric method;isokinetic sampling, dust filtrating and weighing, while the techniques of automatic stack dust monitoring have not been yet satisfactorily established.
    In this paper recent advances on manual sampling techniques of dust emitted from stationary sources are reviewed with including JIS Method and EPA Method of U.S.Null-balance type dust sampling probes developed by our laboratory, which make isokinetic sampling easy and make sampling procedure automatic are reported briefly.Recent trends on automatic dust monitoring techniques are last mentioned including devices based on the principles of light transmission, light scattering and beta-attenuation.
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  • Sadaaki IKEDA, Kunichi MATSUSHITA
    1981 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 409-425
    Published: June 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To conserve energy and natural resources effectively, the role played by petroleum in providing energy sources and chemical raw materials must be increasingly assumed by coal which is considered abundant as compared to petroleum.
    Coal as solid can effectively be transformed into gas or liquid by gasification or liquefaction, respectively.Among them direct liquefaction is regarded as attractive since the coal derived liquid can be used fuel oil, gasoline blend stock, naphtha and chemicals which have been derived entirely from petroleum.
    This paper reviews the EDS process with respects to its process characteristics, research background and present status, and learning from large scale pilot plant operations.
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  • Solvent Fractionation of Reductive Methylation Product
    Tutomu KATO, Shigeki HASHIMOTO, Hiroshi TSUKASHIMA
    1981 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 426-436
    Published: June 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present report deals with reductive alkylation of coals in order to obtain additional information regarding molecular structure and composition of coal.Yubari (85.6%C) and Taiheiyo (76.9%C) coals which contained six and four methyl groups per 100 original carbon atoms, respectively by reductive methylation followed by extraction with benzene.Subsequently benzene soluble portions were successively extracted with six solvents such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and dioxane.Furthermore benzene insoluble portions were also reductively methylated and extracted with benzene and n-hexane.
    Benzene soluble portions from Yubari and Taiheiyo coals constitute 80 and 70 percent of each methylation product, respectively through the twice methylation, and that major portion in them was of n-hexane extract.In addition, each fraction yield with n-hexane, ethanol, and acetone in benzene soluble portion of Taiheiyo coal was greater than that of Yubari coal.From the results of structural analyses of solvent fractionation products by NMR methods, it was found that n-hexane extracts obtained from both coals have the same structural parameters, however unit structures of them were smaller than those of mild hydrogenolyses products.Dioxane extract obtained from Taiheiyo coal has considerably higher average molecular weight than that from Yubari coal;48000 for Taiheiyo, 6000 for Yubari.Moreover unit structures of solvent soluble portions were discussed.
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  • Yasuo OHTSUKA, Ki-ichi TAGAKI, Kazutoshi HIGASHIYAMA, Akira TOMITA, Ya ...
    1981 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 437-444
    Published: June 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to find a better method of catalyst addition for gasification of coals, some new or improved methods have been developed by our laboratory.As one of them, nickel and potassium carbonate were impregnated on the surfaces of four coals oxi-dized by nitric acid at 40t.The amount of nickel actually loaded on oxidized coals was much larger than on original coals.The better dispersion of nickel particles on the char surface of oxidized Leopold coal was observed by scanning electron microscope.An eight-fold increase in the concentration of carboxyl functional groups was obtained on the oxidized coal.Therefore the better dispersion is due mainly to the increased amount of nickel ion combined with these groups.The rates of steam gasification of the catalyst-impregnated coals were much higher with oxidized coals than with original coals.For example, when 2.0% of catalyst metal was impregnated on Shin-Yubari coal, the ratio of initial gasification rate with the oxidized coal to that with the original one at 750t was 2.0 for nickel and 3.8 for potassium carbonate.The finely dispersed catalyst on oxidized coals may lead to the higher gasification rate.An extraordinary high activity of nickel catalyst was observed when it was impregnated on coals which had a large amount of carboxyl groups.
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  • Separation of Butane and Isobutane by a Fixed-bed Adsorber
    Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Nakaji YUKI
    1981 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages 445-449
    Published: June 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Dynamic adsorption characteristics in fixed beds of various molecular sieving carbons prepared from Saran waste were studied for butane and isobutane system.
    It was found that static adsorption capacity does not necessarily correspond to dynamic separation ability.As adsorption rate affects significantly on separation efficiency, molecular sieving carbon with relatively enlarged pores is suitable in fixed bed adsorption.It was found that preferable amount of coal tar pitch added and heat treatment temperature of molecular sieving carbon were about 5wt% and 800-900°C, respectively.
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