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Volume 61, Issue 12
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[in Japanese]1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1041
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (237K) -
Toshio KURABAYASHI1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1042-1049
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom 20 to 24 in June 1982 the 2nd International Conference was held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. The number of presented paper there was 52 and participant was 103 from nine countries. Among these 20 papers, which was the largest number, and 19 participants were from Japan. Besides these paper presentations six lectures were provided including professor Yoichi Takashima's. He introduced in his lecture the recent research activities on liquid atomization in Japan and also proposed the adoption of an ejector scrubber system to the nuclear reactor.
In Japan the domestic conference on liquid atomization and spray systems has been annually held since 1972 by the Fuel Society with 18 cooperating societies. This conference is so unique in its focussed thema and wide opened window to the various academic fields that high appreciation has been offered lately. It seems the numbers of 20-25 paper presentations and 180-200 participants of this conference have become steady. Every time two lectures and one panel discussion are also included in the program and mutual talking between the panel and the floor is realized. The review of the 10 year's activity of this conference tells us some interesting trends in the re-search field, for example, the papers related to the twin fluid atomizer has the largest number during last 10 years and the papers on the external mixing twin fluid atomizer, liquid-solid impinging type atomizer and optical measuring technique have remarkably increased in last several years.View full abstractDownload PDF (1756K) -
Isao MOCHIDA, Keiko MAEDA, Yozo KORAI, Kenjiro TAKESHITA1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1050-1065
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crack and pore morphologies in the needle cokes from petroleum and coal tar pitches were studied, relying on the montage pictures of two perpendicular sections in the coke by the aid of microscopes. The macrocracks developed on the boundary of different textures and on the U-type disclination of the fibrous texture even in the green coke. The microcracks and medium cracks appeared in the straight fibrous and mosaic textures and in the domein texture, respectively, of the calcined coke. The crack development is schematically described based on the thermal shrinkages of the coke, assuming that the extent is essentially determined by the degree of orientation which reflects the optical anisotropy.View full abstractDownload PDF (8297K) -
Tetsu NISHI, Hiroshi HARAGUCHI, Keigi NISHIMOTO1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1066-1073
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to standardize the testing method for coke strength after reaction (CSR) which is used widely for evaluation of coke quality at high temperatures, studies have been carried out on a few points involved in the method. The findings are outlined as follows:
1) Sample temperature greatly affects CSR values. Temperature control at three points (at the center of a sample, and at top and bottom of the oven-wall) is preferable.
2) The volume of samples required for the first-stage lot is 10kg. The appropriate crushing of the lot is achieved by a jaw-crusher and grains of larger than 21mm are crushed furthermore.
3) A 19-21mm fraction of the sample thus crushed will closely represent the whole sample.
4) The CSR testing method is accurate to the extent that standard deviations of CRI and CSR are 0.79 and 1.10 respectively.
5) Reaction temperature, reaction time and CO2 volume, have affects on CSR values by 2-3%/10°C, 0.3%/min. and 0.1-0.2%10.1l, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (989K) -
Study on Coal Oil Mixture (III)Kiyoshi SAITO, Yoko YAMAGUCHI, Kunio ESUMI, Kenjiro MEGURO, Hidemasa H ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1074-1085
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn many methods to remove mineral matter and water from coal, oil agglomeration process has been considered as the most effective method lately. When a proper amount of surfactant is added into the binder oil in this process, it is expected that mineral matter and water on the surface of the coal particles would be removed much effectively, because the surfactant would penetrate into the interface between carbonaceous matter and mineral one. In this study, the effects of surfactant on oil agglomeration were investigated.
Taiheiyo coal (Sub-bituminous coal) was ground in a wet ball-mill. Then fuel oil A was added to the prepared slurry, and they were stirred by a homogenizer. Finally, the granules (Coal oil agglomerates) were recovered on a screen. Ash content of the granules was measured according to JIS M8812, and water content of them was meas-ured by Karl-Fischer automatic titration apparatus. Further, size of the granules and recovery of combustibles were also measured.
Experimental results of using fuel oil A with and without surfactant were com-pared. Generally, the case with surfactant gave bigger granules, more effective re-moval of mineral matter and water, higher recovery, and better granulation than the case without it. Especially, the addition of 0.5 wt% SO-15 (Sorbitan sesquioleate) into fuel oil A showed the most effective results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1710K) -
Catalysis of Coal Ash on Reactions of NO, HCN and NH3 FormedShigeaki KASAOKA, Eiji SASAOKA, Atsushi OZAKI1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1086-1095
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish a low NOx fluidized-bed coal combustor, the emission of NO, HON and NH3 formed in gasification reaction of coal with O2 and H2O is desired. Here, the catalysis of coal ash for reduction of NO with CO or H2, hydro-lysis of HCN and decomposition of NH3 in the presence of CO, H2, H2O and H2S were investigated. Ashes employed were those from Taiheiyo coal (JAPAN) and Datung coal (P. R. China). Also, SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3, which are main components in coal ash, were prepared by precipitation or decomposition of each raw salt, and em-ployed. The experiments were carried out using a flow type packed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at 700-950°C . The inlet gases were mixtures of various compo-sitions of NO (0, 500ppm), HCN (0, 500ppm), NH3 (0, 500ppm), H2S (0, 500ppm), H2 (0, 2. 5%), CO (0, 10%), H2O (0-10%) and N2 balanced, and the total flow rate was 1000Ncm3/min for 1. 0m, e of ash or metal oxide with average diameter of 1.0mm.
The main results obtained were as follows:
1) The reduction of NO to NH3 with H2 or CO-H2O and the hydrolysis reaction of HCN to NH3 were catalyzed by each ash, but the decomposition of NH3 was only catalyzed by Datung coal ash.
2) CaO and Fe2O3 gave high catalytic activity for the reactions of N-compounds; CaO promoted the reduction of NO to NH3 with H2 or CO-H2O, and the hydrolysis of HCN to NH3. Fe2O3 promoted the reduction of NO to NH3, and the hydrolysis of HCN to NH3 below 900°. Above 900°, Fe2O3 promoted the denitrification of NO, HCN and NH3 to N2.
The denitrification rate over Fe2O3 was accelerated with the presence of H2S. SiO2 and Al2O3 gave no catalysis.
3) In the atmospheres of the first-step combustion under the air ratio less than 1, two kinds of coal ash employed gave a good catalytic activity for the conversion of NO and HCN to NH3, but it was induced that the sufficient coversion of NO, HCN and NH3 to N2 was very difficult except the coal ash containing a large quantity of Fe2O3.
4) For a very low NOx combustion of coal, it was concluded that it was sufficiently effective to convert NH3 formed at the first-step combustion under a low air ratio to N2, using artificial or natural iron oxide as a catalyst, before the perfect combustion of the second-step.View full abstractDownload PDF (1234K) -
Yasuzo TOBA, Yoshizo SUZUKI, Yoshio KAWAMURA1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1096-1104
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluidized bed combustion has been studied as a way for utilizationof petroleum pitch which is secondary product in the cracking processes of residual oil. Combustibility and combustion efficiency, effects of staged combustion and division of secondary air on the NOx formation, desulfurization by limestone and effect of NaCladdition to limestone were studied. The following test results were obtained.
1) Petroleum pitch had higher ignition temperature and less combustibility in com-parison with Taiheiyo coal, and so combustion efficiency became few percent lower than that of Taiheiyo coal.2) Increasing bed temperature enhanced NOx abatement in the two staged combustion.3) A significant farther reduction in NOx formation was achieved by dividing secondary air into three parts and injected into free boad, and then unburned substance in flue gas, such asCO and hydrocarbon, disappeared.4) SO2 capture by limestone increased with increasing of first stage stoichiometric air ratio. Increasing bed temperature above 850° caused a rapid lowering in desulfurization, and enhanced the decrease of SO2 capture by limestone in the low range of first stage stoichiometric air ratio.5) SO2 capture by limestone could be increased by adding NaCl to limestone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1147K) -
Akira DEGUCHI, Yasushi KOCHIYAMA, Hideo HOSODA, Masakatsu MIURA, Toshi ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1105-1108
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this article is to search for the absorbent to absorb HCl and SO2 gases in the fluidized bed combustor. The HCl absorption efficiency of four absorbents was measured at 800°, using a packed bed reactor. As a result, it was found that limestone was most effective and uncalcined limestone kept high absorption efficiency for a long exposure time, as compared with calcined one. The limestone absorbed both HCl and SO2 gases simultaneously, and the HCl gas promoted the SO2 absorption efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
Akira DEGUCHI, Yasushi KOCHIYAMA, Hideo HOSODA, Masakatsu MIURA, Toshi ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 12 Pages 1109-1112
Published: December 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop the HCl removal process in a fluidized bed combustor, we carried out experiments using the limestone absorbent at combustion temperature of 850° in a 25cm×25cm square fluidized bed.
As the result, about 70% of HCl was removed from 1000ppm HClconcentration in injection at the atomic ratio, Ca/Cl of 2 to 3, and no trouble by melting of chloride was found in the bed.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K)
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