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Volume 61, Issue 2
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[in Japanese]1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 81
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (248K) -
Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Gasification ProcessMasaru ISHIDA, Naonori NISHIDA1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 82-91
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of coal is discussed and the concepts of “thermodynamic compass” and “SPEED (Structured Process Energy-Exergy-flow Diagram) ” are applied to the exergy analysis of a gasification 'process system. Two kinds of targets, upgraded and degraded ones, are also introduced to analyze chemical and physical processes simultaneously. A model process is presented and the effects of various parameters on the exergy destruction in each subsystem are discussed in detail.View full abstractDownload PDF (1332K) -
Ryoichi YOSHIDA1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 92-97
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAsphaltene is an intermediate product in coal hydroliquefaction. The properties of asphaltene exert a considerable influence on the various aspects of the primary coal hydroliquefaction products and on the reactivity of the primary product in further processing. In Part I the definition of asphaltene and methods for its separation and in Part II the chemical structure of asphaltenes were reviewed. In Part III the reactivity of asphaltenes to thermal treatment and hydrogenation are reviewed in the light of the structures of the products of these two reactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Makoto NAGAI, Masaharu SUZUKI, Hideto SEIYAMA, Motomu KASAGI1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 98-108
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS12 Kinds of asphalts were fractionated by the usual composition analytical method to give asphaltenes, maltenes, and waxy substances. Their contents show fairly good relationships with softening temperatures, and 1/T2 values of asphalts.
Pulsed- and high resolution-NMR measurements were made of the fractions of 8 asphalts out of 12 asphalts.
Asphaltenes from all the asphalts were thought to have almost same structures and characters (T2≅12 μsec), and their contents vary with the asphalts.
Maltenes had no characteristic structures owing to the imperfect fractionation employed in this study, and their content in the asphalt is the largest.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Influence of Pore Structure on CO2 Reactivity of Metallurgical CokesHideo FUJITA, Mitsumasa HIJIRIYAMA, Seiji NISHIDA1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 109-117
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe optical texture, pore structure and ash constituents of cokes must be generally influencial factors for CO2 gasification reaction of cokes. In the present report, the influence of pore structure of the three factors on maximum gasification rate (RM) of lump cokes at 1100°C were studied with seven cokes produced from single coking coals of various ranks.
The results were as follows.
(1) RM showed minimum at Ro=ca. 1.5% (mean maximum reflectance).
(2) Smoky River and Itmann cokes with high contents of flow type texture, the parent coals of which were 1.57% and 1.66% in Ro respectively, had larger internal surface area mostly due to micro pore (radius: 110Å>) than the others.
(3) Both cokes were larger in the average radius of macro pore (radius: 110-42000Å) than the others.
(4) Pore-diffusion resistance, which was evaluated by “effective reaction coefficient” defined as the ratio of RM to reaction rate without the influence of pore-diffusion, tended to decrease with increasing the average radius of macro pore.
It was concluded that the cokes from high rank coals have the weak pore-diffusion resistance due to macro pore with large pore radius and the large internal surface area due to well-developod micro pore, and therefore CO2 reactivity of the cokes must be high in spite of high contents of flow type texture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K) -
Masashi FUKUDA, Susumu DAIDOJI, Masao SAKAMOTO, Koji KOREMATSU1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 118-125
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principal components of most technical fuel gases manufactured from coal or reformed gases from methanol are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. As several combustion properties of gas mixtures are governed largely by the quenching distance, it is useful to know the quenching distance of mixtures of the above components with air.
In this paper, the quenching distances of the various hydrogen-carbon monoxide-methane mixtures with air were measured. The minimum quenching distances and corre-sponding gas percentages of all hydrogen-carbon monoxide-methane mixtures were presented in a triangular diagram. Furthermore the correlation between the measured quenching distances and the burning velocities was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (797K) -
Selection of CuO-Al2O3-TiO2 Coprecipitated OxidesShigeaki KASAOKA, Eiji SASAOKA, Mitsuru FUNAHARA, Susumu NAKASIMA1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 126-134
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dry method to remove simultaneously SOx and NOx with CuO-Al2O3-TiO2 was investigated. This method is based on the principle that SOx can be removed by the sulfation with CuO (SO2+ (1/2) O2+CuO-CuSO4, SO3+CuO→CuSO4) and NOx removed by the catalytic reduction with NH3 (NO+NH3+ (1/4) O2→N2+ (3/2) H2O, NO2+ (4/3) NH3→ (7/6) N2+2H2O, NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O) over CuSO4 formed. Thus, the most important problem for practical use of this process is to develop a technique to regenerate repeatedly the-catalyst employed. The experiment for removal of SOx and NOx was carried out using a flow type packed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at 350°C. The inlet gas was 1000ppm SO2-500ppm NO-667ppm NH3-5%O2-10%H2O-N2. The metal oxides were prepared by the coprecipitation from CuSO4, TiCl4 aq. etc. with NH3 aq., The examinations for regeneration were carried out by reduction with NH3, etc. or by thermal decomposition. The third components added to CuO-TiO2 as an improvement agent were Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3 or V2O5. The following results were obtained: 1) 40-50mol%CuO-60-50mol%TiO2 was suitable for only a SOx absorbents. The regeneration of these solids was possible by mild reduction (CuSO4→Cu3N) with NH3-H2O mixture (1% NH3-7.4% H2O-N2) at 400°C, and then by mild oxidation (Cu3N-CuO) with O2-H2O mixture (5% O2-10% H2O-N2) at 350°C. 2) 40mol%CuO-20mol% Al2O3-40mol% TiO2 was the metal oxides of the most preferable composition for the dry simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx. This regeneration was carried out sufficiently by the reduction (CuSO4→Cu3N) with 20% NH3-7.4% H2O-N2 at 400°C, and then by the oxidation (Cu3N→CuO) with 5% O2-10% H2O-N2 at 350°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1403K) -
Kiyoshi IDOGAWA, Koji IKEDA, Takashi FUKUDA1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 135-144
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimultaneous removal of NOx and SOx from the flue gas was performed under the gas feed rate from 50 to 80Nm3/hr using the slurry liquid of MgSO3-Mg (OH) 2-e (II) edta system in a column packed with “SAN” packing.
It was shown that the removal ratio of NOx exceed 90% for liquid-gas ratio above 30kg-liquid/kg-gas. More than 99% of SO2 was removed. It was found that NOx removal ratio can be estimated by means of Porter's equation.
As the results, deposition of solid particles in the apparatus does not occur when concentration of solid particles in the slurry liquid is in the range of 2-5%. Any increase in the initial concentration of MgSO3 or Fe (II)-edta increases NOx absorption capacity of the absorbing liquid.
NOx absorption capacity of the liquid did not increased so much at O2 cocentration above 5% when the concentration of MgSO3 and Fe (II)-edta in the liquid were increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1365K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 145-149
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (495K)
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