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62 巻, 12 号
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伊東 昭次郎1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 947
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (217K) -
小田 五郎1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 948-956
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーTen years after the Oil Crisis, the petroleum situation here and abroad has greatly changed. Consumption of petroleum has dropped significantly due to efforts made in energy saving and conversion to petroleum alternative energies. Petroleum supply situation is relaxed and OPEC price of Arabian Light crude has dropped by $ 5.00/bbl.
While supply relaxation trend is expected to further continue, IEA warns the danger of meeting another oil crisis around the end of 1980s unless energy saving and development of petroleum alternative energies ars further expedited.
The Advisory Committee for Energy, in its paper entitled “Long Term Energy Supply and Demand Forecast” (Nov. 1983), states the necessity to contemplate securing a stable supply of energy, reducing the cost of energy and realizing an optimum energy structure, as a long range energy policy of Japan. Further, it forecasts significant increases in the supply of Synfuels and new energies from 1995 to 2000.
The Japan National Oil Corporation, New Energy Development Organization, RAPAD and others are efficiently conducting research and development of relevant technologies on priority basis, taking into consideration long and meduim range economics. Attainment of technologies excelling in technical and economical aspects is expected by early 1990s.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1305K) -
岩田 一幸, Fanor MONDRAGON, 伊藤 博徳, 大内 公耳1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 957-965
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCoals with carbon content between 67.5 and 91.5% were treated with zinc powder, naphthalene and water at 445°C for 30-60 min under nitrogen atmosphere (initial pressure 8.0 MPa). In this reaction, hydrocracking is caused by the nascent hydrogen produced from the reaction of water and zinc (M+xH2O→MOx+xH2).
The conversion of coals with carbon content less than 90% was more than 80% and the solvent extraction yield was more than 80% for the coals between 81 and 87%C.
The reaction time (15-60min) scarcely affects the conversion and the structural parameters of the pyridine extracts of 67. 5%C coal. The results showed that the reaction was completed in 30min.
The structural indices of the pyridine extracts of reacted coals when compared with those of products obtained by other solubilization methods (alcohol-alkali treatment, quinoline extraction and mild hydrogenation) revealed that depolymerization was the main reaction, however, some dealkylation and saturation of the aromatic rings also took place in small amount. Nevertheless, it is possible to obtain the images of the unit structure of the coals used. The structural unit of the coal of 67. 5%C has one benzene ring with one naphthenic or heterocyclic ring. The coal of 72.2%C has a structural unit consisting of one naphthalene ring and one naphthenic or heterocyclic ring. The structural unit of coals with 77.9 and 81.2%C consists of one benzene or naphthalene ring with one naphthenic or heterocyclic ring. The coal of 86.6%C appears to have a structural unit including 3 or 4 aromatic rings with 1 or 2 naphthenic or heterocyclic rings. The coal of 91.5%C has a structural unit consisting of 4 or 5 aromatic rings and 1 or 2 naphthenic or heterocyclic rings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1152K) -
硫黄の添加方法と触媒活性横山 慎一, 成田 英夫, 奥谷 猛, 小平 紘平, 吉田 諒一, 前河 涌典1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 966-973
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーVarious Fe-S system catalysts were prepared by changing the addition methods of sulfur to iron oxide; physical mixing of elemental sulfur powder, addition of HzS and in the form of iron sulfides. The catalytic activities of these three catalysts prepared for coal liquefaction were compared with each other using highpressure DTA apparatus. These catalysts were added directly as mentioned above, and after presulfiding. The presulfided catalysts (the catalysts after presulfiding were exposed to the air, and mixed with coal) show a slightl ylower activity than the ironsulfur mixtures. It was shown that iron catalysts prepared by both methods were converted to pyrrhotite after use. Therefore, it was considered that the catalytic activities of pyrrhotites obtained with the methods mentioned above from the same iron source, are almost the same for coal liquefaction, and that the difference between mixtures and presulfided catalysts is caused by a slight oxidation after presulfiding. On the other hand, pyrite was not formed from ironsulfur mixtures during coal liquefaction. However, it became clear that pyrite is more active than pyrrhotite. It was estimated that the catalytic function of pyrite is different from that of ironsulfur mixtures and pyrrhotites. The study to elucidate the catalytic function of pyrite will be continued.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (999K) -
山田 哲夫, 本間 恒行, 鈴木 勉1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 974-981
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCatalytic effect of the alkaline earth metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba on the reaction of phenol-formaldehyde resin char (PFC) with carbon dioxide was evaluated by using a thermo-balance. The catalyst of 0.5 atom% were mixed with PFC in a mortar grinder for 1 hour.
It was found the thermogravimetric (TG) measurement that Ca, Sr and Ba compounds had appreciable catalytic action, and Ba compounds was the most effective additive among them, but Mg compounds was ineffective. In experiments of a series of anion species, these carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate and acetate, except Mg compounds, were shown to have larger catalytic effect than those chlorides and sulfates.
The catalytic reaction mechanism of these compounds was inquired from measurement of TG curve in an atmosphere of CO2 or He and X-ray diffraction. The catalytic mechanism would be based on the cyclic reaction of oxidecarbonate for carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate acetate and even chloride, while for sulfate, another cycle of sulfidesulfate might be involved.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1094K) -
触媒を使用しない場合中田 善徳, 上田 成, 前河 涌典1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 982-988
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe previous report concerned the effects of blending different types of coal on the catalytic hydrogenation reaction. This report describes results obtained by blending Shin-Yubari coal with Yallourn brown coal or Taiheiyo coal or Sohyakoishi coal at various ratios on the hydrogenation reaction in the absence of catalyst.
Due to the interaction of the two coals in the blends, there was a significant decrease in conversion compared to the predicted value when Yallourn brown coal was blended with Shin-Yubari coal. There was a slight decrease in conversion with the other blends. The principle reason was thought to be the hindrance of hydrogen diffusion in the blend due to the liquefied oil and unreacted material from Shin-Yubari coal. While a positive interaction under condition of sufficient active hydrogen availability was previously observed, it was observed that a negative synergism occured under the opposite condition of an insufficient supply of active hydrogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (628K) -
武内 正己, 谷端 律男, 西田 清二1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 989-994
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of separating high purity hydrogen gas from COG, dynamic adsorption characteristic of COG on synthetic zeolites were studied by using 2 tower PSA apparatus (adsorption pressure 5kg/cm2G), and the following results were obtained.
1. High purity (99. 99 Vol% above) hydrogen were separated from COG, and the most effective synthetic zeolite for adsorber was 5Å zeolite.
2. Oxygen leaked first in the product hydrogen. and N2, CH4 follows. CO2 and C2 H4 are adsorbed easily in 5Å zeolite, but their desorption is difficult.
3. During the adsorption time before another gas leaking, the relation between the purity and the yield of H2 in the product gas gave an inverse proportion.
4. For industrial H2 separation from COG, by combining other adsorbent (activated carbon etc.) which having much effective adsorbability of CO2 and C2H4 with 5Å zeolite, H2 will be separated more effectively. And by removing a small amount of O2 in the product H2 by catalysis, extra purity H2 is obtained more effectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (605K) -
福山 辰夫, 竹川 東明, 岡田 敏彦, 松原 健次1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 995-1005
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーEffects of the pre-heat treatment of coal paste, which is the mean of removal of oxygen functional groups and water contained in low rank coals on the properties of coal and on the liquefaction were examined.
The following results were obtained; (1) the preheat treatment at temperatures from 250 to 300°C was found to have the possibility in a decarboxylation and the elimination of water without decreasing the conversion at the liquefaction.(2) the results in the treatment at temperatures above 350°C suggested the degradation and polymeri-zation of organic parts in coals.(3) in the case of Yallourn coal, the treatment gave a higher conversion, which was due to the elimination of water bearing poisoning effect on the liquefaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (979K) -
ガスブラストタイプバーナーの開発斎藤 俊彦, 斉藤 和夫, 平沢 房男1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 1006-1012
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーProper design of swirlers to obtain short flames is one of the important points for developing residential combustion appliances requiring compactness.
As the first step, the flow visualization experiments using water and blue dye for the simple conventional low-pressure atomizing gun type burner were performed in order to obtain some qualitative information on flow patterns. Based on the flow visualization, a test swirler for a gas blast type burner (GB-burner) was designed and fabricated.
As the second step, mixing characteristics for the GB-burner were quantitatively obtained by salt tracer technique.
As for condition of similarity between actual mixing process and that of the model, the Reynolds number and momentum ratio of air to fuel of the model were equalized to those of practical burner respectively.
On applying these results of modeling to the practical burner, three basic factors related to the fast diffusion of the fuel, the distribution of time-averaged concentration of the fuel and the existence of a high r. m. s. concentration of the fuel around the swirler were discussed.
We found it reasonable to apply the modeling based on the three factors for designing the burner and confirmed that good mixing characteristics are forerunner for obtaining good combustion characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1000K) -
石炭からのプラズマカーボンブラックの性状牧野 光男, 菊川 伸行, 古田 毅, 丸山 勝久, 堀江 典郎, 木村 英雄1983 年 62 巻 12 号 p. 1013-1022
発行日: 1983/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーUsing a new 100kW plasma gasifier with three torches, coal gasification was studied. The highest acetylene yield attained so far was 59g/kWh. At the same time, a considerable amount of plasma carbon black was obtained as byproduct.
Fundamental data were collected to find the applications of the plasma carbon black. Heating loss, iodine adsorption number, DBP absorption number, ash content, etc. were examined in accordance with JIS (K 6221). Inorganic substance, sulfur, adsorbed oil, and volatile material in the carbon black were analyzed. Also, the separation of the plasma carbon black was tried.
One of the peculiarities of the carbon black was that the volatile content was more than 15% including adsorbed oil. Another was its relatively high ash content even in the case of the separated carbon black. It was estimated that a considerable amount of the organic sulfur in coal was converted into inorganic sulfur, and resided in the inner part of deposited carbon black in the form of metal sulfide. In order to find commercial applications of the plasma carbon black, it will be necessary to develop a dry separation process and a practical distillation process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1278K)
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