Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-226X
Print ISSN : 0369-3775
ISSN-L : 0369-3775
Volume 62, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 83
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Shigeru TAMANUKI
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 84-94
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For increasing of coal utilization, the coal liquid mixture technology is promising and Japan as well as other countries aims at practical use of this tech-nology. Also we need technologies for producing fuel gas and chemicals by coal gasification.
    In Japan, a plan to build a practical factory has been recently decided for producing ammonium from synthetic gas by coal gasification, and we turn our attention to the practical use of indirect liquefaction technology to produce methanol by gasifi-cation.
    R & D of a long distance transportation technology of brown coal after dewater-ing is especially useful in Japan.
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  • THOMAS G. CALLCOTT, MARLENE L. BENNETT, PETER M. FREDERICKS, NANCY NG, ...
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 95-105
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Susumu YOKOYAMA, Naohide TSUZUKI, Takashi KATOH, Yuzo SANADA
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 106-114
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    n-Hexane soluble oils from hydrogenolysis of three different coals (Tenppoku coal (C: 72. 7‰); Miike coal (C: 84. 5‰) and Illinois No.6 coal (78. 7‰)) were investigated aimed to the characterization of chemical structure and its relation to the coal rank. These oils were separated into compound classes designated by Fr-P, -M, -D and-T which consisted mainly of paraffin, monoaromatics, diaromatics and tri-and tetraaromatics, respectively. The separation was carried out by means of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a μ-Bondapak-NH2 packed column.
    Fr-P was analysed by GC-MS. The ionization voltage of the MS was of 20 eV. Characteristic patterns of total ion chromatogram indicating existence of n-paraffine from C14 to C28 or C30, were observed for the three coals. Mass spectra of compounds from individual chromatogram peaks had also specific fragmentation profiles of n-paraffines.
    To the aromatic fractions, Fr-M, -D and-T, low voltage mass spectra were measured and the chemical structure was elucidated as compound types as indicated by the Z values and their corresponding molecular weight distributions. From these results, the influence of the degree of coal rank in the chemical structure of the aromatic oils can be summarized as follows:
    1) Species of compound types were the same regardless the different ranks of coals.
    2) Relative contents of aromatic types in fractions were different with rank of parent coal. The oil from Tenppoku coal, belonging to a low rank coal, had less number of naphthenic rings attached to monoaromatic compounds. On the comparison of the Z series distribution for Fr-T of oils from the three different coals, it can be observed that there is a shift to lower ring number for the oil from Tenppoku coal. On the other hand, the high rank coal, Miike coal, had larger naphthenic monoaromatic type and larger aromatic ring compounds in Fr-T.
    3) Distribution of alkyl groups substituted to aromatic and hydroaromatic rings varied with the rank of coal. For Tenppoku coal, large alkyl structures to monoaromatics were observed while less alkyl structure substituted to tri-and tetraaromatic is predominating in the higher rank coal, Miike coal.
    As shown before, HPLC-MS procedure is a useful method for the routine character-ization of the chemical structure of oils from coal liquids.
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  • Distillation Characteristics of Compound Classes by Simulated Distillation GC
    Hiroyuki UCHINO, Susumu YOKOYAMA, Masaaki SATOU, Yuzo SANADA
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 115-124
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Akabira coal-derived neutral oil, free of the acidic and the basic portions, was separated according to boiling range into 25 fractions with 4°C-25°C interval using spinning band distillation. These fractions were separated into 6 compound classes, which were Fr-P (paraffin), Fr-M (monoaromatic), Fr-D1 (naphthalene type diaromatic), Fr-D2 (biphenyl type diaromatic), Fr-T (tri and/or tetraaromatic) and Fr-PP (polar and/or polyaromatic), using HPLC equipped with Zorbax BP-NH2 column.
    Using simulated distillation gas chromatographic technique (SD-GC), the boiling point of each distillation-HPLC fraction was determined. The result showed that the apparent boiling point estimated by SD-GC for each compound class having the same distillation fraction had the highest value for paraffin series and decreased gradually with increase in aromatic ring number from Fr-M to Fr-T, although the difference in the boiling point between SD-GC method and the fractional distillation method was not so large (less than nr) for each fraction.
    The distribution of each compound class by boiling point was determined by SD-GC of all the neutral oil-HPLC fractions. Fr-P was widely distributed in each boiling range from 183°C to 423°C, and the boiling ranges of the aromatic fractions (Fr-M, Fr-D1, Fr-D2 and Fr-T) were shifted to higher boiling point with increasing aromatic ring number in this order.
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  • Reiji FUKAZAWA, Kiyoshi MASHIMO, Tohru WAINAI
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 125-130
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Six kinds of coal were extracted with pyridine in a Soxhlet extractor. Petroleum ether insoluble and chloroform soluble parts in the pyridine extracts were extracted successively with ethyl ether, acetone and benzene. These solvent extracts were used as samples. The relations between K2920 and Hal, and K1600/Ca and Ox were discussed, where K2920 and K1600 are the specific extinction coefficients in IR spectrum, Hal, Ca and Ox are the weight fractions of aliphatic hydrogens, aro-matic carbons and oxygens, respectively, obtained from 1H-and quantitative 13C-NMR spectra and ultimate analysis.
    K2920 was recognized to be proportional to Hal and there was a linear relation between K1600/Ca and Ox. Considering the latter relation, the 1600 om-1 band of aro-matic rings was found to be enhanced by oxygens bonded to them. The ratio of aro-matic ring carbons affected by oxygens to total aromatic carbons was proportional to Ox. Consequently, the following formula was derived.
    *Hal/*Ca=7.6· (D2920/D1600) · (Ox+0.023)
    where, *Hal/*Ca is the atomic ratio of aliphatic hydrogens and aromatic carbons. D2920 and D1600 are the optical densities of 2920 and 1600 cm-1, respectively.
    Assuming that *Cal/*Hal molar ratio of alkyl groups was 1/2 and using the above formula, the aromaticities of many original coals could be estimated by D2920/D1600 and Ox (wt. fraction, daf coals) obtained from their IR spectra and ultimate analyses. These estimated aromaticities agreed fairly well with the published values. In par-ticular, the appropriate aromaticities could be calculated for low rank coals having carbon contents below 70‰ for which it was difficult to estimate the correct aromaticities by the previous method.
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  • Pyrolysis and Hydrocracking of Decalins, Tetralin, and 1-Methylnaphthalene as Coal Model Compounds
    Eisuke OGATA, Takeshi Nomi, Kouji TANAKA, Satoru WATANABE, Yoshio KAMI ...
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 131-143
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pyrolysis and hydrocracking of decalins, tetralin, and 1-methylna-phthalene as coal model compounds were studied to investigate the reaction mechanism in liquefaction of coal under initial hydrogen pressure of 0-50kg/cm2 at350-470°C for 1-13
    hr. Tetralin was the most unstable for thermal treatment, and converted to methylindans and to naphthalene plus decalins with nearly equal rate. A part of decalins and 1-methylnaphthalene reacted, but were relatively stable. When sulfur was added to these reaction system, dehydrogenation of decalins and tetralin was found to proceed stoichiometrically, and cis-/trans- isomerization of decalins was promoted remarkably. Demethylation and oligomerization of 1-methylnaphthalene were promoted in a similar nanner. Addition of phenolic compound depressed isomerization and disproportionation of tetralin. On hydrotreatment in the presence of Pd/carbon and Co-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts, dehydrogenation, demethylation and hydrogenation of aromatic ring were promoted. On the reaction over Fe/Si02-Al203 catalysts, decalins were hydrocracked to yield C3-C6 paraffins readily, tetralin underwent C-C bond scission and skeletal isomerization of naphthenic ring and alkylation. Methyl group migration of 1-methylnaphthalene to 2-methylnaphthalene arose overwhelmingly.
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  • Junkichiro DAI
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 144-147
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The treatment of the unburned gas with combustion products are considered separately in developing relations between the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In addition to the ingredients in the previous study the concentration of water vapour with wet combustion products is considered in this paper.
    Since the general characteristic of these ingredients content surface are nearly the same as those of previous reports. Another notable feature of figures is that the presence of particular curve and surface has never been firmly established. However, stoichiometric surface of ψ1 and rich limit surface of ψ2 intersect on the condition that equations (9) or (10) is satisfied.
    The humidity which affects the ingredients concentration may be well explained in the nature of induction process as shown by Table 1.
    It seems to me that, in comparison with method “B”, method “A” has the advantage of simplyfying or convenience for expression and treatment.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1983 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 148-153
    Published: February 20, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (968K)
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