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Volume 62, Issue 3
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[in Japanese]1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 159
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (244K) -
Importance of basic nitrogen hetrocyclics and high boiling components of aromatics in vehicle oilYuz SANADA1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 160-170
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the high yield of liquid product by hydroliquefaction of a given coal, one of the keys to be resolved lie on how to prescribe for the constitutions of vehicle oil. Recent research at laboratory scale has demonstrated that almost complete conversion of coal to liquid product is achieved with the uses of nitrogen containing-solvent or-fractions derived from coal liquid under relatively mild condition. Basic nitrogen heterocyclic molecules are Lewis base. Those solvents are setting up a hydrogen bond with coal molecules or donating electron pair to form a cordinate bond and results high solubility together with hydrogen transfer during coal liquefaction condition.
In this review, the ability of electron transfer, hydrogen bonding of solvents and coking of solvent are discussed . Capability of hydrogen transfer and synergetic effect of hydrogen donor solvent with high boiling aromatic components are also important for dissolution of coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (1297K) -
Noboru TOMIHISA1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 171-180
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the first oil embargo in 1973, the energy situation has made a drastic change in Japan and other part of the world.
The international market of supply and demand for oil is likely to be tightened as a long-term prospect, even though slackened in a short span of term.
It is imperative for Japan to fill up a gap between supply and demand for petroleum products and develop oil-alternative energies.
This essay includes-
1) How the development has been made of gasifying technologies from coal and oil in Japan sinceafter 1950's.
2) Reviewing the present and future progress of said technologies utilizing heavy residual and coal as feedstocks, together with pointing out several problems we are faced at present and future in introducing of the gasifying technologies and in carrying out the development of novel gasification technologies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1379K) -
Makoto NAGAI, Tomokuni IKEYAMA, Motomu KASAGI1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 181-190
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProton FID signal measurements were made of 11 coals, and the values of So (the intensity of the FID signal at t=0) were found to correlate with proton contents of the coals well.
3 kinds of coals (Taiheiyo, Miike and Luoyang coals) were selected, and heattreated at the temperature range from 110 to 900°C.
From the measurements of So and IR spectra, the structural changes with heattreatment were found to occur at two different temperature ranges (ca. 350 and 500°C). The former may be attributed to the aliphatic and/or naphthenic structural changes, and the latter to the aromatic structural changes, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
Pyrolysis of Bituminous Coal and Reactivity between Bituminous Coal Chars and Various Reactive GasesTamotsu HANZAWA, Takatoshi MIURA, I.K. ISMAIL, P.L. WALKER JR.1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 191-198
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gasification rates and methane formation for raw bituminous coal, demineralized bituminous coal and the coal chars, high in pyrite and sulfur, were investigated in various gases at 700°C and 850°C. Weight loss or methane production during coal pyrolysis up to 1, 000°C in N2 was essentially the same over the raw and demineralized bituminous coal and reached a maximum rate in the temperature range of 480∼520°C. Gasification of the char in steam was inhibited by the presence of H2 and CO. Carbon deposition from CO disproportionation was clearly seen the dry in H2/CO mixture at both 850 and 700°C. The deposited carbon was seen to be particularly reactive to steam at 850°C and at 700°C. Inorganic constituents present in the raw coal char exhibited negligible catalyst activity for the methanation reaction in the presence of H2/CO at 850 and 700°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
Hiroshi MORITOMI, Akihito KUROUJI, Yuzo SANADA, Tadatoshi CHIBA1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 199-203
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLiquefaction of Auefaction of Akabira coal by sufficient amount of tetralin was conducted in both a 5, 000 cm3 continuous stirred tank reactor and a 27 cm3 batch microautoclave reactor at 673 K and 5.4 MPa. The batch reactor was operated with different heating rates ranging from 4 K/min to 150 K/min so that the effects of the heating rate on the conversion of coal to benzene solubles could be evaluated. The residence time distribution of coal particles in the continuous reactor was also measured at room temperature.
In the batch reactor, change of the conversion with time differed appreciably depending on the heating rate even if other operating variables were same. With increasing heating rates the conversion during the heating period decreased while the conversion level attained at the final stage of the reaction increased. Using the kinetic data together with the observed residence time distribution of the coal particles, the conversions in the continuous reactor were predicted. From a comparison between the predicted and observed conversions it was concluded that conversion in a continuous reactor can be predicted on the basis of kinetic data obtained in a batch reactor with the same heating rate as in the continuous one.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Fundamental Studies on the Regeneration of Fluidizing Materials for Desulfurization in Furnace (III)Kinetics for Regeneration of Calcium Sulfate by Carbon MonoxideEiichi KIKUCHI, Toshihiko IWASAKI, Takao HATSUYAMA, Yoshiro MORITA1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 204-210
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA kinetic study was made on the regeneration of sulfated dolomite by reaction with CO . The reaction schemes are based on reductive decomposition of calcium sulfate, as shown in the following
CaSO+Co→CaO+SO2+CO2 (1)
It was shown in this work that Reaction (1) proceeded in two consecutive st eps as follows:
CaSO4→CaS+4CO2 (2)
CaS+3CaSO4→4CaO+4SO2 (3)
The rate of Reaction (2) was found to be of the first order with respect to both the concentration of CaSO4 and the partial pressure of CO. The apparent activation energy for Reaction (2) was determined as 16.3kcal/mol. Reaction (3) obeyed the first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of CaS, and the apparent activation energy was shown to be 57.8 kcal/mol, It was deduced that the rate-determing step was involved in Reaction (3), because the rate constant of Reaction (3) was far smaller than that of Reaction (2) in the temperature range below 1, 200°C. In agreement with R.T. Yang's assumption, it was confirmed that Reaction (3) proceeded according to the following mechanism
3CaSO4→3CaO+3SO3 (4)
CaS+3SO3→CaO+4SO2 (5)
As the concentration of CaS had a remarkable effect on the overall rate of reaction but the concentration of CaSO4 did not, it was inferred that the rate-determing step was involved in reaction (5).View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Koji UKEGAWA1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 211-216
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrocracking of oil sand bitumen with oil-soluble Nickel catalysts at temparatures between 710-790°?F, reaction time between 0-120min . and 1, 000psi of initial hydrogen pressure has been investigated.
Catalysts were prepeared as shown below:
11.4g of catalyst feed (Table 2), 20g of propionic acid, 15g of benzoic acid, 15g of stearic acid, 50g of 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, 50g of iso-octane and 0.1g of water were mixed and reacted under the conditions given in Table 3.
The reactions were carried out in 300ml-autoclave. The experiments resulted in reducing the pentane-insolubles (PI) in the bitumen by oil-soluble catalysts.
(1) Under the conditions of 60min., 1, 000psi (H2) and CAT-6, the best temperature to reduce the PI in product oil was 750°F.
(2) Under the conditions of 750°F, 1, 000psi (H2) and CAT-6, the yield of PI kept decreasing up to 120min. of reaction time. A longer reaction time was better than a higher reaction temperature for PI reduction.
(3) The oil-soluble Ni catalyst from 92mol%-NiO/Ni (OH) 2 had the higher activity for PI reduction than one from 100mol%-Ni (OH) 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Toshihiko SAITO1983 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 217-222
Published: January 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA designing procedure of the pot type burner has been studied, concerning not only the dimension of the pot, combustion chamber and open-air-holes but also the distribution of the combustion air supply.
As an example of the burner design for heat input of 10000kcal/h, the designing procedure has been shown by using the following results.
(1) Mixing factor of eighteen based on the mixing condition of kerosene vapor and air calculated from the practical pot type burner.
(2) Residence time of one second order in the combustion chamber in order to reduce the soot.
(3) Configuration of AA/AP_??_0.2 for the effective distribution of the combustion air suplly.(A: cross sectional area, subscripts A: annulus, P: pot)View full abstractDownload PDF (641K)
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