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62 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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佐賀井 武1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 227
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (245K) -
高垣 節夫1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 228-234
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe demand of petroleum products in Japan have been declining for several years. Even for the future, we cannot expect remarkable increase of petroleum products because the considerable volume of heavy fuel oil may be expelled out of the thermal power generation fuel market.
The similar situation can be observed in the U. S. fuel market, where the various source of crude oil is conducting the price-cutting competition within the shrinked mar-ket of thermal power generation market. As a result, the highly priced crude oil such as Saudi Arabian, Algerian and Indonesian oil will have to cut their prices in order to keep their market position in the U. S.
The Japanese petroleum industry will have a chance to recover its competitive-ness against other fuel if only the middle east OPEC member countries should reduce their oil prices drastically. In that case, the heavy fuel oil price should be mainly reduced to recover the demand in the thermal power generation fuel market.
The Japanese petroleum industry can be revitallized only in those circumstances.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (900K) -
鈴木 三男1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 235-245
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーFunctional Polymers include polymers of both high performance and high functionality. They had attracted special attention and had been widely studied since 1968, when the first petroleum crisis had occured.
In order to develop functionality, the polymers have to be processed by special method, and to be applied in a suitable system. Functional polymers will be useful for the development of high technology in future.
In this paper, space technology, aircraft and car technology, new field of chemical engineering, communication and information technology, technology of energy and med-ical engineering are taken up as the important high technology area, and contribution of functional polymers to the development of these new fields are described. As the examples of functional polymers which contribute to the development of space technol-ogy and aircraft and car technology, new development of carbon fiber and three new polymer processing methods are shown.
In the field of new chemical engineering, there are two important chemical proc-esses, i. e, highly efficient reaction process and separation and purification process for hard separable materials. In this paper, carbon sieve and polymers which memorize the molecular structure and catch these materials are shown.
Functional polymers which contribute to the development of communication and information technology, are seen especially in the field of optoelectronic technology. Among them, organic optical fiber and registration material of optoelectric informa-tion is shown.
In the field of energy, renewable energy is considered important replacing fossil fuel such as coal and petroleum. The most important technology for renewable energy is how to get energetic material such as ethanol at low cost, In this paper, develop-ment of fermentation process and separation process of ethanol from water by using membrane is shown.
Development of medical engineering is much affected by functional polymers. As the examples, artificial kidney, artificial liver, artificial heart, diagnosis by bio-sensor, bio-separator and affinity therapy are described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1387K) -
持田 勲, 下原 孝章, 光来 要三, 藤津 博, 竹下 健次郎1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 246-253
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーSeveral deashing pretreatment procedures at room temperature were examined against some non-fusible coals of low rank to improve their cocarboni-zation susceptibility with A240 for the better fusibility and anisotropic development. The immersion in 1N-HCl containing methanol or in aqueous EDTA-2Na (EDTA-2Na/Coal=7/100 by weight) for 24h was found very effective to improve the fusibility for better adhesion and to increase the anisotropic region as well as the size of anisotropic unit developed from the coals. The same treatment for 1h was effective to a less extent, being much superior to the treatment in boiling water for 24h.
The minerals of calcium, magnesium and iron in the coals were markedly removed by 1N-HCl at room temperature, the amount of removed calcium being comparabe to that by 1N-HCl at 100°C, although the effect of the former pretreatment was inferior to that of the latter.
Relationship between the extent of deashing and the anisotropic development of a coal was studied to resolve how the deashing influences the enlargement of anisotropic region and size of anisotropic unit, respectively in the cocarbonization process. The cocarbonization susceptibility was discussed from the mechanistic view point.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1199K) -
守富 寛, 永石 博志, 成瀬 雅彦, 真田 雄三, 千葉 忠俊1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 254-262
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーA series of coal liquefaction experiments were carried out to eval-uate the individual contribution of hydrogen transfer processes to the overall extent of the reaction and to examine the effects of solvent and catalyst on the hydrogen transfer. The liquefaction was performed in a 27cm3 rapid-heating micro-autoclave at 723K and 10. 1 MPa as a function of the reaction time using some the combinations of coal (Taiheiyo and Illinois No.6), gas atmosphere (N2 and H2), solvent (naphthalene and tetralin) and catalyst (red-mud and Co-Mo).
Without catalyst little difference was observed between the yields of pyridine-and benzene-solubles under nitrogen atmosphere and those under hydrogen atmosphere, suggesting that the direct transfer of gaseous hydrogen to the coal hardly occurs. Also, little effect of coal particles dispersion by solvent was detected on the hydrogen transfer. When tetralin was used as the hydrogen-donor solvent, the contribution of the hydrogen shuttling to the overall transfer decreased with time and the rate of the decrease differed with coal nature. On the other hand, the tetralin consumption in N2, H2 and H2/catalyst systems remained unchanged and the yields of pyridine-and benzene-solubles in naphthalene/H2/catalyst system were almost the same as those for above systems. It was therefore concluded that the catalyst was most effective on the indirect transfer of gaseous hydrogen through the coal-derived liquids and/or naphtha-lene during the initial stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1120K) -
神谷 是行, 永田 勝也1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 263-267
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to draw an electric current much more or from a whole flame, it will be necessary to apply a high electric field to a flame. In this case, occuring the growth of ionization, or secondary ionization, the current is a sum of the currents through chemi-ionization and secondary ionization in a flame.
In this paper, the mechanisms of secondary ionization in flames are investigated considering its current-voltage characteristics and electric potcntial distributions butions between electrodes in one-dimentional low pressure flat flames.
The following results are obtained.
1) Secondary ionization in the flame occures between the positive electrode and the flame front and is accounted for by ionization collisions of accelerated electrons with neutral molecules.
2) Ionization coefficient of burned gas is approximately equal to that of air which was measured by Harrison et al.
3) In the current-voltage characteristics of secondary ionization region, the calcu-lated results are agreed well with the measured results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (633K) -
谷 秀一, 神谷 是行, 小泉 睦男1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 268-274
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, an excess air ratio controlling system improving chemi-ionization is proposed. The combustion chamber is constructed by a cylindrical tube, it is a negative electrode, and a stickwise positive electrode is located in the center of the tube.
The relations between the current drawn from a flame and its combustion con-ditions are investigated. Based on experimental results, using a micro-computer, an fuel flow rate controlling system is produced. The following results are obtained.
1) The current drawn from the flame at the constant mixture ratio and applyin voltage is widely proportional to the air flow rate.
2) The seasonal temperature change in Tokyo has little influence on the current.
3) The humidity of a gas mixture decreases the current. However, the change o the current for the atmospheric humidity in Tokyo corresponds to a±4% change in the excess air ratio around unity.
4) In this system, an excess air ratio can be controlled in a wide range of gas mixture flow rates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (857K) -
斎藤 俊彦, 坂本 守義1983 年 62 巻 4 号 p. 275-282
発行日: 1983/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the burner of small residential appliances, bluff bodies such as porcelain tubes and plates are often used in order to stabilize the flame and to purify exhaust gases.
We studied the reduction mechanism concerning CO and UHC in the practical kerosene vaporizing burner, and also analized the flow mechanism around the bluff body by using the flow visualization technique with water.
We have obtained the following results.
(1) In the burner with two red heated porcelain tubes with diameter of 10mm, which was set 35mm above the flame port plate, CO and UHC have reduced to one half and one fifth respectively compared with the burner without using these tubes.
(2) Residence time of flue gases in the recirculation zone behind the porcelain tubes is predicted to be sixty times as large as that without porcelain tubes.
(3) From the information obtained through the flow visualization studies, the rela-tionship between 1R/d and Re reduces to 1R/d ∝√Re.(1R: length of recircula-tion zone, d: diameter of porcelain tube, Re: Reynolds number)
(4) In the water flow model, secondary flow injections around the test body, which corresponds to the porcelain tube, make another recirculation zone near the combustion chamber wall. This recirculation zone is considered to be effec-tive to the mixing and purification characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (903K)
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