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63 巻, 12 号
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横川 親雄1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 989
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (242K) -
スケールアップの現状と予測宮谷 和夫1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 990-1002
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーA unit capacity of coal gasification plant will be needed about 4, 000t/day which is used for a promissing various markets in future. On the development of such a large scale coal gasifier, the status has been investigated of development for some conventional plant and for well known several processes currently under development. And there are many problems, such as reaction in gasifier bed, coal feed system, ash-slag separation method and other technologies about the pressurized fixed-bed, fluid-bed and entrained-bed gasifiers. Personal opinion of the auther is described on the technologies to cope with the above problems associated with the scale-up of the coal gasifiers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1806K) -
太田 佳宏1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1003-1014
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーWhile the recent pattern of demand, in Japan, for petroleum products is characterized by decrease in residual oils and increase in middle distillates, the trend of imported crude oils is toward the heavier grader. The refining facilities at present can no longer “balance” the products from a barrel of crude oil. In this situation it has become inevitable to develop processes to increase the production of light and middle distillates as well as to find means to utilize excess residual oils, asphalt and coke. RAROP is doing R. & D. work to this end.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1616K) -
FDマススペクトルによる反応条件 (時間) の異なるオイル分の組成変化横山 晋, 井上 一彦, 佐藤 正昭, 真田 雄三1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1015-1023
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCharacterization of coal hydrogenation oil by mass spectra was carried out to obtain information on the compound types constituted, the number of alkyl carbons attached to the aromatic rings and mol numbers of the respective types. Coal hydrogenation reactions were performed using an autoclave at 450°C, 100kg/cm2 initial hydrogen pressure with red-mud and sulfur catalyst for 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. of reaction times. Coal oils which were benzene-soluble, n-hexane-soluble, were separated into compound classes by means of a modified USBM-API method using liquid chromatography. The distribution of compound types byresolving the Z values from FD-mass spectra were determined for compound classes of LC fractions, which were separated mainly into paraffins (Fr-P) and aromatic ring numbers (Fr-M, D, and T), with varying reaction time. The carbon numbers of alkyl groups were also analysed by molecular weight and ring structure defined by the Z values.
For a short contact reaction time, compound types ranging broadly from Z=-8 to -38 with smaller mol numbers for respective types were produced. Continuing the reaction, predominant distribution for compound types were observed for a reaction time of over 60 min., showing a maximum mol number of components belonging to Z= -20 and -22. Hydroaromatic compound types were also major products. Product distribution ratios of hydroaromatic to aromatic compound types were approximately the same in spite of different reaction times. It can be assumed that the macromolecular structure of the original coal, Miike coal, constitutes various unit structures with different ring sizes of hydroaromatic and aromatic clusters.
For the saturated fractions (Fr-P), structural analyses by FD-mass spectra were carried out in the same way as for the aromatic oils and similar information were obtained. n-/iso-Paraffins (Z=+2) were the predominant type, with monocycloparaffins as the next most common type for each reaction time. The content ratios of cycloparaffins to n-/iso-paraffins increased to maximum at 30 min. and then decreased as reaction time increased to 120 min. It can be suggested for the production of saturated compounds that cycloparaffins are comparatively less stable than aliphatic compound, which are probably n-paraffins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1012K) -
斉藤 郁夫, 伊牟田 和敏, 長船 和光, 山川 敏雄, 井上 好昌, 御手洗 征明1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1024-1030
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーChange in the catalyst property during the catalytic hydrotreating of a blend of 25 percent SRC and 75 percent creosote oil using 0.1 L/h fixed bed reactor has been studied. The results obtained here can be summarized as follows;
1) A decrease of the surface area of the catalyst is mainly ascribed to the coke formation.
2) Chemical analysis data of used catalysts show that each mineral component accumulates separately, namely, Iron accumulates more at the top of the catalyst bed, but Ca and Ti seem to be deposited uniformly through the catalyst bed. Si deposition is not observed through the bed in this study.
3) The mineral components do not penetrate into the particles of catalyst A which has only micropores in the range 4 to 10 nm, and the deposition of these components is observed only around the outer surface of the catalyst particles. On the other hand, in case of catalyst B which has macropores around 60 nm in addition to the micropores, the mineral components can penetrate into the catalyst particles at the upstream part of the reactor, but it seems to be difficult forthem to penetrate into the catalyst particles at the downstream part of the reactor. This different penetration behavior could be due to the particle size distribution of each mineral component.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (801K) -
山田 哲夫, 本間 恒行, 鈴木 勉1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1031-1038
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe catalytic behavior of alkaline earth carbonates of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba on the gasification of carbon were investigated under high pressures of CO2 by using a thermobalance, fixed bed flow reactor system and temperature-programmed X-ray diffraction. The carbon material used was prepared from phenol formaldehyde resin. It was mixed with respective carbonate of 0 .5 atomic % in a mortar grinder for 1 hour.
It was found from nonisothermal thermogravimetric measurements that the gasification of the pure carbon showed an increase in conversion with increasing CO2 pressure, and the rate of gasification was proportional to the square root of CO2 pressure. Addition of four carbonates, Ca, Sr and Ba, except Mg, had appreciable catalytic actions, but their rate constants were not so much large increased with the increase of CO2 pressure. For MgCO3, little catalytic effect was observed only between 750°C and 800°C at 49.5 atm of CO2 in the flow reactor system.
According to the temperature-programmed X-ray diffraction, high catalytic activities were obtained when the carbonates coexist with their oxides. Such results will confirm the cyclic catalytic mechanism of oxide-carbonate, previously stated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1061K) -
海保 守, 牧野 三則, 小林 光雄, 山下 安正, 加藤 勉, 木村 英雄1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1039-1048
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to estimate a suitable condition for the production of high calorie gas by the hydrogasification of coal, Taiheiyo coal was gasified continuously with hydrogen, and the yield of each product or the composition of gas produced was measured. The experiments were carried out under conditions of 714-775°C and 0-50 kg/cm2G. The feed rate of the coal ranged from 0.256 to 1.47 kg/hr and of hydrogen ranged from 0.113 to 1.059 m3/hr.
The volume of methane produced was in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 m3/kg-coal, and it depended strongly on the feeding ratio of coal to hydrogen. The other factors, such as the hydrogen pressure and the coal feed rate, did not affect obviously on the evolution of methan. The yield and the viscosity of tar decreased with the residence time of gas in a reactor. The coal conversion was ranged from 0.38-0.55 kg/kg-coal and it depended on the feeding ratio of coal to hydrogen. The total heat value of the residual char was in good linear relation to the coal conversion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1557K) -
斉藤 陽, 田中 瑞雄, 宮津 隆1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1049-1057
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe low rank coal, especially brown coal has a highly hygroscopic and unstable property, so JIS method could not be applied to such a coal.
In direct gravimetric method we found that the cause of difficulity to get constant weight may be attributed to adsorption or desorption of oxygen gas and the passing of the inert gas containg the moisture brings about the activiation ofabsorber which also results the difficulity to get constant weight.
So we have established the improved gravimetric method to get correct value, whichis comprised by two factors, one is passing of the inert gas containing moisture to heated copper oxide zone before the absorption of moisture by absorber, and the other is passing of the dry oxygen gas to absorber to get the constant weight. The sequential analysis of moisture, hydrogen and carbon of browncoal was achieved by this improved method.
In drying method, we established the improved method comprised of using modified apparatus of Abderhalden's drier and introducing helium gas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1201K) -
杉山 友男, 中 昭廣1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1058-1065
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe result of a large scale COM stability test and, some new points and techniques of practical use will be discussed in this paper.
That is, a sample of 2 tons of COM was prepared and stored in a test tank (10m height, 0.5m inner diameter, 70°C storage condition) for a period of one month and a stability test was conducted.
As a result it was shown that COM without additive was unstable as same as in the case of small cylinder test, exhibiting a settling of coal particles after four days and showing a viscosity of more than 15, 000 cp at the bottom of tank (70°C), making it difficult to be pumped up, while COM with addition of 0. 125% of multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agent developed by authors would maintain it stable over a period of one month at 70°C, when COM is prepared such that its viscosity is in the order of several thousands and no coarse particles are found in the COM.
The fact that COM needs to be controlled as for its viscosity and particle size (degree of pulverization) is a new discovery, since detailed examination was impossible at the bottom of a small cylinder.
Finally, it was confirmed that multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agents would keep a wide variety of COM stable regardless of the types of coals and oils over a period of one month storage at 70°C in a large storage tank, when the above conditions were met.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (763K) -
出口 明, 細田 英雄, 三浦 正勝, 平間 利昌, 西崎 寛樹1984 年 63 巻 12 号 p. 1066-1070
発行日: 1984/12/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCombustion experiments using the fluidized bed were performed to evaluate the usefulness of the oil produced by the pyrolysis of municipal waste. The emission levels of carbon-monoxide, nitrogen-oxides, sulfur-oxides and hydrogenchloride from the oil combustion were measured and compared with those levels from the fuel oil and kerosene combustions.
The carbon-monoxide and nitrogen-oxides emission levels from the pyrolysis oil combustion were slightly higher than those from the kerosene and fuel oil combustions, but the sulfur-oxides emission level was considerably lower than that from the fuel oil combustion. It was concluded that the pyrolysis oil produced from municipal waste is possible to use such as a boiler fuel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (509K)
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