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Volume 64, Issue 2
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[in Japanese]1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 79
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (271K) -
Shin-ya YOKOYAMA1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 80-89
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDirect liquefaction of wood by thermochemical conversion as well as biochemical conversion has been attracting attention with the depletion of fossil hydrocarbons. In this paper, the history of wood liquefaction is briefly reviewed, and the chemistry and technology of wood liquefaction are discussed. The PERC process, LBL process and a new process of liquefaction using no reducing agents like hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide are introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (1776K) -
Yoshihiko SUNAMI, Mikio KATO1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 90-99
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a method for automated coal petrographic analysis, both reflectance measurements and maceral analysis were performed on several coal samples by scanning the stage in one direction at a constant interval of some μm. The number of scanning points were about 5, 000 per each sample. Based on the difference in reflectance line profiles of each maceral, a computer program to automatically analyze coal macerals was developed.
This computer program has the following characteristics:
1. Reflectance line-profiles are used to determine Vitrinite and to distinguish the noise which is produced by the reflection inside the resin. These line-profiles are also used for correcting the reflectance of the boundary between micropores and Semi-fusinite/Fusinite.
2. Determination of Semi-fusinite contents This automated coal petrographic analysis has been confirmed to be useful in practice and is now being applied to the routine analysis of coals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1570K) -
Yoshikazu SUGIMOTO, Yasuo MIKI, Shoko YAMADAYA, Masaaki OBA1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 100-106
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoal liquefaction has been performed in tetralin with hematitesulfur catalyst to clarify the relation between the formation of n-paraffins and the reaction temperature. The yield of C4-C30 n-paraffins in the liquid product has been determined by using a gas chromatograph.
In the case of Wandoan coal the yield of n-araffins increased with an increase of the reaction temperature and reached to 4.5 wt% (maf) at 450°C, while the secondary decomposition of n-araffins was observed at rather higher temperature. Comparing the yields of nparaffins between the reactions of seven coals, both Wandoan coal and Taiheiyo coal gave the highest value and Illinois No.6 coal the lowest.
The cracking of eicosane, C20 n-paraffin, in tetralin or 1-methylnaphthalene has been investigated in the presence or absence of coal. In the case of no solvent, the cracking was observed at temperatures over 400°C and the value of its conversion reached to 70% at the temperature of 450°C, while in the case of using solvent the conversion of eicosane at 450°C was less than 20%. The effect of coal and hematite-sulfur catalyst on the conversion of eicosane was very small in the presence of tetralin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K) -
Makoto MIYAZAWA, Ryoichi YOSHIDA, Tadashi YOSHIDA, Shinichi YOKOYAMA, ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 107-114
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavior of liquefaction of Wandoan coal was investigated under reaction conditions without vehicle oil and in the presence of anthracene oil and shale oil as the vehicle oil at 400°C and 450°C.
The results are summarized as follows:
(1) The maximum conversion of Wandoan coal obtainable at 400°C and 450°C was 86-88 wt% and 92-93 wt% d. a. f. coal basis, respectively.
(2) By using shale oil as the vehicle oil an enhancement of oil yield and a lowering of yield of gaseous products and hydrogen consumption were brought about. It was shown that shale oil was excellent as vehicle oil for coal liquefaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1188K) -
Study on Methanol Coal Mixture (I)Keizo OGINO, Masahiko ABE, Sinichi KAWANO, Akihiko SHIMIZE, Ayao KITAH ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 115-124
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethanol extracts from three different ranks of coals (Yallourn coal, Tenpoku coal, Taiheiyo coal) have been studied in terms of yield of extracts, surface tension, relative viscosity, acidic functional groups of surface, etc.
The yield of extracts from a original coal with methanol decreased with increasing carbon content of the original coal. The extracts from three coals contained water-soluble substance and humic acid. Both water-soluble substance and humic acid lowered the surface tension of water significantly. The surface tension of water-soluble substance and humic acid decreased with increasing concentration of those and become constant value of about 40 dyne/cm at the concentration of about 1 wt%. Moreover, the relative viscosity of humic acid increased rapidly in the vicinity of the concentration mentioned above. It may suggest the association of water-soluble substance and humic acid. The reduction of surface tension was larger for the case of Taiheiyo coal than for those of others. This may be attributed to the fact that there is a large amount of hexane-soluble substance in humic acid of methanol extract of Taiheiyo coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (1555K) -
Reactivity of Sorbent Prepared from Alumina Cement Clinker ParticlesHidetoshi ALIMOTO, Keizou OHTSUKA, Yukio HISHINUMA, Noriaki TAKAMI, Ki ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 125-132
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegenerable sorbents have been investigated as an alternative to limestone for the removal of SO2 from fluidized bed combustion. A sorbent prepared by hydration of alumina cement clinker particles at room temperature was developed. Reactivity (sulfation and regeneration) of this sorvent was studied by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer and a small fluidized bed reactor. The SO2 reactivity of the sorbent with above 30 wt% bound water was higher than that of limestone in a range of temperature from 800 to 1, 000°C. Regeneration temperature was lower than that of limestone, and was carried out about 1, 000°C. Also, it was found that for 10 cycles (sulfation/regeneration cycles), the reactivity of the sorbent remained at initial level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1573K) -
Satoshi OHSHIMA, Kikuko HAYAMIZU, Yasunori KURIKI, Motoo YUMURA, Morio ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 133-136
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aromatic carbon fraction, i. e. arornaticity fa obtaind from 13C NMR spectrum and atomic H/C ratio obtaind from elemental analyses are important parameters to characterize the coal-derived materials. The characteristic diagram, the correlation between the fa and atomic H/C ratio for hydrocarbons, is shown to be useful to characterize the coal liquefaction products and to estimate the reaction path-way relating with the coal liquefaction.
In this paper, we propose a relation between the amount of consumed hydrogen, AH2, for the ring hydrogenation reaction, and the variation of fa. The correlation is given in the following equation.
ΔH2=37× (Δfa)
ΔH2 (mol-H2/kg-compound)
where Ma is the differences of Δfa before and after hydrogenation reaction.
This correlation can be applied the hydrogenation reaction products of anthracene oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
Masatomi AKEZUMA, Atsushi YOKOUCHI, Kunio ESUMI, Kenjiro MEGURO, Hidem ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 137-140
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sedimentation behaviors of the benzene insoluble matter (BI) obtained from liquefied products by the reaction of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) with various coals, i. e., Taiheiyo, Miike, and Moura coal, were examined in benzene by the addition of various amounts of water. The sedimentation rates of Taiheiyo BI and Miike BI were significantly accelerated by the addition of water/benzene emulsion, while the rate of Moura BI was little changed. The sedimentation mechanism of BI was discussed from the results of particle size distribution and heat of immersion of BI.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Ryoetsu HASE1985 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 141-150
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplying with the government's general policy of energy, Japanese electric power industries have been promoting plans to diversify energy sources. Accordingly, their consumption of coal, which was 7 million tons in 1975, was doubled in 1982. It is expected to go to increasing gradually hereafter.
In spite of this current trend as referred above, the analyses of sulfur and nitrogen, which are necessary for quality control of various kinds of coal, are still being carried out based on the JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) method for analyzing coal established in 1959. This method is inferior to the JIS Instrumental method for analyzing oil (modified in the late 1970's) in the analytical time and easiness of procedure. Therefore, the improvement of its inferiority is highly desirable.
This paper describes the application of instrumental methods, which have been making a remarkable advance in recent years, to analyses of sulfur and nitrogen in coal, and reports the comparative evaluation of them with the conventional JIS method in terms of accuracy, precision and analytical time etc.
As a result, the infrared sulfur analyzer (manufactured by LECO, U.S.A.) provided analytical values, which were obtained within three minutes, statistically equal to those by the Eschka Method (the JIS method). Permissible tolerance for repeatable measurements (n=2) was 0.01% for the sample contained below 0.5% of sulfur. In another instrumental method for analyzing nitrogen, combining a gas generator (manufactured by Sumitomo Co., Ltd.) with a gas chromatograph, the analytical values, which were obtained within five minutes, were statistically equal to those by the semi-micro Kjeldahl method (the JIS method). Permissible tolerance for repeatable measurements (n=2) was 0.04%. As noted above the short analytical time and easiness of procedure in the instrumental methods were verified. We also applied this instrumental method to oil for comparative study, and obtained analytical values almost equal to those obtained by the JIS instrumental method for analyzing oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1764K)
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