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64 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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木村 元雄1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 223
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (238K) -
星沢 欣二, 小谷田 一男, 小野 哲夫1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 224-240
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーCoal dust emission from and spontaneous combustion of coal storage piles are becoming problems of increased importance as the volume of coal used and stored is expanding. Research results concerning these problems and preventive measures are summarized as follows:
1. Coal dust emission is caused by dispersion of small particles of diameters less than 200 micrometers from coal piles. Methods for predicting coal dust emission quantities during operational storage were developed. Also, effectiveness of control methods including water sprays and wind shields were assessed.
2. Spontaneous combustion of coal is caused by low temperature oxidation of coal. It was observed that pile temperatures must rise to 80 to 90 degrees C and be maintained for a period of time for spontaneous combustion to occur. A system using infra-red imaging apparatus was developed to predict the probability of spontaneous combustion in coal piles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3194K) -
持田 勲, 小松原 克展, 坂田 康二, 井田 四郎1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 241-247
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーA bituminous coal of low ash content was carbonized in an autoclave under atomospheric and pressurized gases (N2, He and H2) to prepare needlelike coke directly from the coal . The carbonization under atmospheric as well as pressurized (101 kg/cm2) nitrogen and helieum produced fine mosaic cokes, whereas the pressurized hydrogen was found to be very favourable for the better anisotropic development. Hydrogen pressure of 51 kg/cm2 provides the coarse mosaic texture .Higher pressure of 101 kg/cm2 allows the development of anisotropic flow (50%) and domain (30%) textures in the resultant coke.
Yields and densities were almost constant to be 90% and 1 .8 g/cm3, respectively, regardles of the carbonization atomospheres . However, higher hydrogen pressure lowered the apparent density of the resultant coke, suggesting the lower viscosity of the carbonization system under the hydrogen pressure while devolatilization take place. The coke carbonized under high hydrogen pressures was found to contain less oxygen.
The carbonization at 400°C-lhr and 2hr under hydrogen pressure of 101 kg/cm2yielded a pitch-like material, which contained spherical mesophases in the major isotropic matrix, wheareas that under atmospheric hydrogen gave the semi-coke of mosaic texture which was quite similar to that observed in the coke produced at 450°C. IR spectra revealed that the former material carried more naphtenic and paraffinic C-H bands than the latter.
Based on these results the pressurized hydrogen is concluded to remove oxygen functionalities, induced naphtenic structures in the coal molecules and controll the poly-condensation during the carbonization to be favourable for the development of anisotropic flow texture from the coal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1961K) -
飯野 雅, 李 清田, 松田 実1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 248-254
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe extractions of Shin-yubari and Zao Zhuang (China) coals with carbon disulfide-pyridine mixture, which gives high extraction yields at room temperature, were done and chemical natures of the extracts and residual coals obtained are compared with those from Soxhlet extraction with pyridine.
For Shin-yubari coal the extraction yields are almost same (40%) in the both procedure and the extracts were fractionated to oil, asphaltene and preasphaltene, respectively. The preasphaltene from the extract with the mixture has higher molecular weight and aromaticity (fa) and lower FIX, the degree of substitution (σ) and condensation (Hau/Ca) from that from the Soxhlet extraction, while there is no substantial difference in nature of the oils and also the asphaltenes.
The quantities of volatile matter of the residual coals are found to be almost same in the both procedures, but crucible swelling numbers and Roga indexes, a measure of the caking property, were higher for the residual coals from the extractions with the mixture. The similar result for the caking properties was obtained in the extractions of Zao Zhuang coal. Heat treatments of the residual coals from the extraction with the mixture, at 110°C, the temperature of Soxhlet extraction, in the presence of pyridine were found to reduce the swelling numbers and Roga indexes. This result suggests that one of the reasons for the decrease of the caking properties in the Soxhlet extraction may be chemical or physical change such as an increase of porosity, of the non-extractable part of the coal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (972K) -
小松原 克展, 白石 育夫, 矢野 光義, 井田 四郎1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 255-263
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーSince the dry process for the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx in the flue gas requires the coke of high mechanical strength, catalytic and adsorption abilities, its preparative procedure was studied . Such a coke has been successfully prepared through the consecutive steps which are fluidized coking of coal into semi-coke, formed coking of semi-coke with coal and soft pitch, and the activation with steam. The optimum conditions for the respective steps were studied to reveal the following conclusions.
1) The optimum temperature of fluidized coking was between 480-500 t, semi-coke of highest surface area being obtained.
2) Control of the mechanical strength of the active coke can be carried out using the Roga index of the blends.
3) The carbonization temperature influenced the strength and reactivity of the coke in a contrary manner, 800°C appearing optimum.
4) The activation increased to surface area but reduced the strength of the active coke. The treatment at 900°C for 40 min gave temporarily the best result.
SOx adsorption and the catalytic activity for NOx reduction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1496K) -
小室 武勇, 五味 憲一, 嵐 紀夫, 菱沼 孝夫, 神田 修, 黒田 博1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 264-269
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーActivated carbon is used generally for removing SO2 in the flue gas. The SO2 adsorption capacity, however, gradually decreases by repeating the adsorption-regeneration. In case of semi-coke, the absolute SO2 adsorption capacity is not so high as activated carbon, but its adsorption capacity gradually increases by repeating the adsorption-regeneration.
In this study, the method of making more efficient adsorbent from coal has been investigated. Raw coal was pre-oxidized and impregnated with metal . This coal was carbonized between 1023 to 1123 K and the semi-coke was made . It was found that this semi-coke showed higher SO2 adsorption capacity and slower decrease of its capacity by repeating the adsorption-regeneration comparing with conventional semi-coke.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (911K) -
乾 智行, 黒田 徹, 音羽 利郎1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 270-277
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーTo develop a highly effective catalytic combustor for gaseous fuel, various composite catalysts supported on a ceramic foam were prepared, and their performances for methane combustion were investigated. On the surface of ceramic foam, whose diameter was ca. 0.25 mm, Al2O3 layer (4.5 % by weight) was coated using an alumina sol, and then catalyst components were supported by impregnation methods. The catalyst (length 50. 0 mm, diameter 8. 0 mm) was packed in a quartz tube of 8. 2 mm inner diameter. The reaction gas, composed of 6.5 % CH4-13.0 % O2-80.5 % N2, was introduced into the reactor with a space velosity of 2200h-1. The catalytic performance for methane combustion was estimated by the activity hysteresis accompanied with a sequential change in temperature up and down (Fig. 2). Both composite catalysts, Ni-Ce2O3-Pt and Pt-Ce2O3, maintained the complete CH4- combustion activity at a wider temperature range than that on the Pt and Pt-Rh catalysts. Particuraly, the Pt-Ce2O3 catalyst showed the highest activity and maintained 100 % CH4-conversion at the temperature range from 520°C to 320°C (Fig.3). The most active catalyst was obtained by the two-step impregnation method (Table 2) at an atomic ratio Pt/Ce=5 (Fig. 4). The complete conversion of CH4 was confirmed with a space velosity up to 18300h-1 (LV 10 cm/sec) (Fig. 6). At this condition the reaction heat of 11300 kcal/1·h was generated. The methane-conversion rate measured at a differential reactor condition was in proportion to CH4 partial pressure (Fig.7) and did notdepend on O2 partial pressure (below 0.05 atm) in a CH4-excess condition (Fig. 8).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1552K) -
杉本 義一, 三木 康朗, 大場 昌明, 山田谷 正子1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 278-281
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to investigate the behaviour of n-paraffins in secondary hydrogenation of coal liquid, hydrocracking of eicosane (C20 n-paraffin) was carried at 375-475 °C under the hydrogen initial pressure of 80 kg/cm2 . The conversion of eicosane and the product distribution were determined by a gas-chromatography to study the additional effects of various organic compounds and catalysts on the reaction of eicosane.
The thermal hydrocracking of eicosane at 450°C for 1 hr was notably depressed by the addition of tetralin, quinoline or a poly-condensed aromatic compound, but slightly by the addition of trans-decalin or octylbenzene.(Table 1)
The conversion of eicosane and the product distribution were little effected by the presence of Ni-Mo/Al2O3, but Ni-W/SiO2-Al2O3 (calcined) promoted the hydrocracking of eicosane, which increased the iso-paraffins in the products remarkably.(Fig.2)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (537K) -
雑賀 高, 是松 孝治1985 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 282-286
発行日: 1985/04/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーAlthough quenching on a wall of a combustion chamber has been studied by several investigators, direct measurements of flame structure near the wall are scarcely approached. In this paper, local ion output distributions near the wall are directly measured to reveal the flame structure, and a measurement system of quenching layer thickness by means of the ion output distributions is proposed.
The ion output measured decreases as a ionization probe approaches the wall, and is assumed to become zero on the wall finally. Apparent quenching layer thickness by measuring ion output distributions is obtained by a similar application to displacement thickness in the boundary layer theory of fluid dynamics. The apparent quenching layer thickness is defined as a distance at which the wall shifts to the flame apparently without ion output distributions near the wall.
In consequence, the followings are elucidated; ion output of the flame near the wall is influenced by formation of a quenching layer, and tendencies of the quenching layer thickness obtained by an ionization probe agrees well with that measured by a flanged electrode method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (634K)
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