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65 巻, 10 号
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大谷 茂盛1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 797
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (243K) -
橋本 健治, 三浦 孝一1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 798-809
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーThe rate data of the coal gasification with air, CO2 and steam in a number of literatures were summarized and reviewed to clarify the factors which control the gasification rate of coal. Based on the rate data of 68 kinds of coals whose carbon content (C [%]) range from 65.0 to 93.7%, the gasification rates of lower rank coals (C<ca. 80%) were found to be controlled mainly by the catalytic effect of coal minerals such as Ca, Na, K and so on, whereas those of higher rank coals (C>ca. 80%) were controlled by the intrinsic reactivity of coal . The intrinsic reactivity of coal was reported to decrease with the development of carbon crystallites, and was well correlated with the amount of chemically adsorbed oxygen. On the other hand, the catalytic effect was in general not so easy to represent quantitatively, but the dispersion or the crystallite size of CaO was said to control the gasification rate for a certain lignite. For the gasification catalyzed by K or Na, the amount of chemically adsorbed oxygen was again reported to be an index to represent the reactivity. The global indices such as C [%], pore surface area, reflectance etc. could be employed only for the purpose of correlation of the reactivity抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1652K) -
東海林 泰夫1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 810-818
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes the present status of coal utilization in ironmaking.
The two main processes of coal injection into blast furnace have been developed to save expensive metallurgical coke;
1) The colloidal fuel mixture injection
2) The pulverized coal injection (PCI)
The development of the former process, that is coal oil mixture (COM) and coal tar mixture (CTM) injection into blast furnace, was completed by Sumitomo Metal Industries and other Japanese steel works in 1982.
As for the latter one, the first PCI equipment in Japan has been operated in Oita No.1 BF of Nippon Steel Corporation since 1981. It was successfully completed by modifing the ARMCO system. The number of blast furnace with PCI system operation has come up to sixteen in Japan, which implies remarkable development of the system.
The present technology of coal utilization in iron and steel industry is focused on the development of both coal water mixture (CWM) injection into blast furnace and coal addition into steelmaking vessels.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1203K) -
極性成分について佐藤 正昭, 田辺 克守, 横山 晋, 真田 雄三1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 819-827
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe composition changes of polar compounds in recycle solvents (S-1-6) derived from liquefaction experiment with Akabira coal are examined by means of HPLCGC/MS method.
Using HPLC equipped with a Zorbax BP-NH2 column, polar compounds in recycle solvents were separated into three polar compound classes (Fr-B, N and A) in a stepwise elution system with different concentrations of solvents from hexane to chloroform.
Major polar compound classes in hydrogenated anthracene oil (HAO), used as a starting solvent, were Fr-B (basic nitrogen compounds) and N (neutral hetero compounds), and were mainly composed of carbazoles, benzoquinolines and azapyrenes. However, very little Fr-A (acidic oxygen compounds) was contained in HAO.
The amounts of Fr-N and of carbazoles in S-1 increased more than they did in HAO. But after the first recycle, their levels remained approximately constant regardless of recycling. The levels of anilines and indoles, little contained in HAO, increase with recycling. That is, nitrogen compounds with high molecular weight, such as carbazoles and benzoquinolines derived from coal were partially hydrogenated and cleavaged. Then, nitrogen compounds with low molecular weight, such as anilines and indoles, were produced and their levels increased with recycling.
Fr-A accumulated in the recycle solvent in each recycle and was mainly composed of phenols, phenylphenols and indanols/tetrahydronaphthols.
In general, the level of compounds with low-carbon number of alkyl side chains increased with recycling. This means that the reaction of dealkylation occurs in coal liquefaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (919K) -
持田 勲, 岸野 正裕, 光来 要三, 坂西 欣也1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 828-834
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーHydrogen transferring liquefaction of highly inert-containing bituminous coals was studied under high temperature-short contact time conditions using tetrahydrofluoranthene as a donor solvent to reveal the efficiency of such a coal liquefaction procedure against the coals and reactivities of inert macerals. The liquefaction of the present study was very effective to give the sum yields of oil and asphaltene larger than 60% against all coals. When ground coals passing 60 mesh screen, the deashing pretreatment was effective to decrease the yields of THE insolubles and increase oil, the extent depending very much on the coals. However, its effects were negligible against coals passing 200 mesh. Based on the THFI yields compared to the maceral compositions of the coals, whole semifusinite and parts of fusinite and micrinite macerals were found possible to be liquefied under the present conditions, especially when assisted by the deashing pretreatment.
The effect of deashing was discussed in connection with the importance of fusibility as well as particle size of coals in the coal liquefaction, where the effective stabilization of fragment radicals derived from coal molecules through the hydrogenation or dissolution with the donor solvent is most requested. The removal of divalent cations which bridge the coal macromolecules through their oxygen functionalities may accelerate the fusibility.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (900K) -
明妻 政福, 横内 敦, 江角 邦男, 目黒 謙次郎, 本田 英昌1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 835-840
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe adsorption by coals from mixtures of n-alkane and benzene was investigated from the points of carbon contents of coals and of chain-length of n-alkane. As a result, in n-hexane and benzene, n-hexane was adsorbed preferentially by coals with carbon contents from 62% to 75%, while preferential adsorption of benzene occurred on coals with carbon content from 80% to 90%. In coal with carbon content of 93%, n-hexane was again adsorbed preferentially.
The effect of chain-length of n-alkane on adsorption was also examined. The preferential adsorption of n-alkane was dependent on chain-length of n-alkane and coals with different carbon contents. Particularly, in the coal with carbon content of 93%, preferential adsorption of n-alkane was decreased with increasing chain-length of n-alkane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (561K) -
村中 廉, 梶 隆一, 宮寺 博, 菱沼 孝夫1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 841-846
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe objective of this research is to develop a new froth flotation method to be employed in CWM (Coal Water Mixture) preparation. The froth flotation method is famous for practical coal cleaning, but it has some problems relating to CWM preparation. In conventional flotation method, deashed coals tend to coagulate because much oil used as a collector is included in them. Therefore, it seems to be difficult to disperse the deashed coals into water in preparing CWM. Accordingly, its important to increase the carbon recovery rate by making use of the small amount of oil.
In this report, the kinetic study of carbon recovery was made using coals with wide size distribution which is suitable for CWM preparation. The flotation method used here is different from the conventional one at the point that collector is fed in the form of gas.
Carbon recovery rates for various coals were found to obey the first order kinetics with respect to carbon concentration in the suspension. The rate constants were found to correlate well with the O/C atomic ratio of the coals. Coal concentration of the feed suspension had no effect on the recovery rate when it was smaller than 10%. But at higher concentration, a large decrease of carbon recovery was observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (801K) -
梶 隆一, 村中 廉, 宮寺 博, 菱沼 孝夫1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 847-853
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーHighly concentrated coal water mixtures (CWM's) were prepared using eight different coals and an anionic dispersant. Viscosity of the CWM's was investigated in relation to the coal properties. It was found that coals with lower water-holding capacity (WHC) would make more highly concentrated CWM's. Their viscosity was correlated well with the solid volume fraction and maximum packing density using Krieger-Dougherty equation. For these coals, the particle size distribution was found to influence the CWM viscosity only through the values of maximum packing density.
CWM's made from coals with high WHC exhibited higher viscosity. This was attributed to the lower degree of dispersion of the coal particles. CWM's with coals having low WHC displayed similar viscosity-solid concentration relationship when electrolyte was added.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (830K) -
持田 勲, 坂西 欣也, 藤津 博1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 854-859
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーComponents of a sludge produced from a crude oil were analyzed by GPC, TLC-FID, IR and 1H-NMR after solvent fractionation. The sludge consisted of hexane soluble oil (54%) and hexane insoluble-benzene soluble asphaltene (44%), high content of the latter component suggesting its concentration in the sludge . The oil was essentially long-chain paraffins (ay molecular weight: -2100), while the asphaltene was polar hydrocarbons (ay molecular weight: -4000) with least aromatic constituents . Insolubility of the asphaltene was found partly due to its metal ion contaminants of which removal increased some solubility in hexane. The metal ions may coordinate to the polar parts. The asphaltene in the crude was adsorbd on the iron oxide or silica-alumina to precipitate at the bottom of crude container, forming the sludge . Water was found to accelerate the precipitation. The oil fraction was occluded into the micelle by the paraffinic moiety of the asphaltene to constitute a part of the sludge. A significant portion of such components was present in the crude oil, while the other portion was produced by air oxidation, probably being catalyzed by soluble metal ions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (772K) -
熱分解松尾 至, 吉田 重雄1986 年 65 巻 10 号 p. 860-868
発行日: 1986/10/20
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1208K)
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