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Volume 65, Issue 4
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[in Japanese]1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 233-234
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1622K) -
Masayuki HORIO1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 235-246
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the critical review of FBC (fluidized bed combustion) technology from its humble origin the bottlenecks in establishing it as a competitive alternative to the conventional pulverized combustion technology was discussed. Reaction mechanisms of combustion, desulfurization and NOx emission as well as turndown methodologies in both bubbling and circulating fluidized beds were compared. It was stressed in this review that regardless of the fluidizing condition of the dense bed the fines recycle is the key to the advanced FBC technology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1672K) -
Satoshi OHSHIMA, Kikuko HAYAMIZU, Motoo YUMURA, Yasunori KURIKI, Morio ...1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 247-251
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSYNOPSIS: -The characterization chart proposed by authors illustrates relationship between aromaticity (fa) and atomic H/C ratio for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their hydrogenated and alkylated compounds.
For an evaluation of average structure of coals using this chart, the effect of oxygen on atomic H/C ratio of coals should be taken into account. The oxygen-containing functional groups existing in a coal were classified into three types and correction factors of each type of oxygen for the atomic H/C ratio were shown. Using the experimental results of the type analysis of oxygen have been reported for various coals, an experimental equation for the correction of oxygen to the atomic H/C ratio was obtained as follow.
(O/C) type1+2 (O/C) type2=0.73× (O/C) tota1
where, H/C and (O/C) total are the atomic ratios obtained from element analysis. The value of (H/C) c is corrected atomic ratio, being meaningful in the characterization chart.
The use of (H/C) c instead of (H/C), make it possible to evaluate more reliable molecular structure for various coals on the characterization chart. The relationship between fa and (H/C) c for various coals on the characterization chart also indicates the change of the average structure depending on coalification degree.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Masaaki SATOU, Shuji YAMADA, Susumu YOKOYAMA, Yuzo SANADA1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 252-258
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variations in chemical structures of the neutral oils from hydrogenated various coals were examined by means of HPLC-MS method.
Coal hydrogenation reactions were performed using an autoclave at 400°C, 100kg/cm2 initial hydrogen pressure with Adkins catalyst for 60 minutes of reaction time. Then neutral oils, free of the acidic and the basic portions, were separated into 5 compound classes, which were Fr-P (alkanes), Fr-M (monoaromatics), Fr-D (diaromatics), Fr-T (polyaromatics), Fr-PP (hetero compounds), using HPLC equipped with a Zorbax BP-NH2 column.
The compound type analyses of each compound class were performed using electron impact mass spectroscopy (EI-MS) or field ionization mass spectroscopy (FI-MS). Based on the separation behaviour of HPLC and the type analyses according to Z number by MS, a neutral oil was characterized in terms of the distribution of the numbers of aromatic rings, naphthenic rings and carbons of alkyl groups attached to these rings. The variations in chemical structures of the neutral oils with C% of coal were discussed in terms of these chemical structural factors.
Content of compound types with a larger number of aromatic rings or naphthenic rings increase with increase in the C% of coal. The modes of the changes in the average carbon number of alkyl side chain for each compound type with C% of coal were classified into three groups. These are monotonously increasing or decreasing with increase in the C % of coal, or have the minimum values at about C75%.
The changes in average molecular weight of each compound class have the minimum values at about C 75%. This result is explained according to the chemical structural factors which were, above mentioned, the numbers of aromatic rings, naphthenic rings and carbons of alkyl side chain.View full abstractDownload PDF (869K) -
Shiro MATSUMOTO, Philip L. WALKER1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 259-264
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPotassium on Saran char exhibited catalytic activity for methane formation as well as for steam gasification at 850°C and atmospheric pressure in a H2 with 3.1% of steam. In the absence of steam, gasification and methane formation occurred at a negligible rate. Methane was formed through the methanation reaction of carbon monoxide which is a primary product of steam gasification. Methane formation was proportional to gasification rate. Well dispersed potassium by ion exchange was less effective for gasification in a H2 atmosphere probably due to vaporization of potassium at reaction temperature. Hydrogen sulfide retarded the gasification reaction and thus methane formation, but retardation was not so serious as when Fe or Ni are used as catalyst.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Akabira Coal/Tetralin SystemChaoran DENG, Hiroshi MORITOMI, Yuzo SANADA, Tadatoshi CHIBA1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 265-272
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChange of apparent viscosity of -100 mesh Akabira coal/tetralin slurry was systematically measured under conditions of hydrogen pressure of 10.1 MPa and steady reaction temperature of 723K and for a range of heating and cooling rates, stirrer revolution and slurry concentration. This was successfully done by a torque detector fitted to the stirrer of a 50 cm3 rnicroautoclave. Viscosity of 0.2 to 12 Pa s was detectable by this torque meter. Experimental results showed that 1) a sharp peak appeared in the viscosity-time curve during heating, 2) the temperature at which the peak appeared corresponded closely to that where the preasphaltene yield reached its maximum value, and 3) a similar peak, but much smaller than the above, also appeared during cooling. Further experiments were carried out for slurries of inert carbon particles, preasphaltene and tetralin or binary mixtures of tetralin and naphthalene or quinoline to simplify the reaction system. The results together with the above implied that the apparent viscosity increases with the amount of preasphaltene residing on the surface of coal particles while it decreases with deposition of the viscous coal particles onto the reactor and stirrer surface, with dissolution of preasphaltene into the solvent and with conversion of preasphaltene to lower molecularweight species.View full abstractDownload PDF (2739K) -
Coprecipitated CuO-Cr2O3-TiO2 Catalysts for Dry-TypeShigeaki KASAOKA, Eiji SASAOKA, Hitoshi NAGANO1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 273-281
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study is based on the principle that SOx can be removed by the sulfation of CuO with the catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SO3, and NOx can be removed by the catalytic reduction with NH3 over CuSO4 formed. In the previous works, 40mol% CuO-20mol % Al2O3-40mol % TiO2 and 30mol % CuO-20mol % SiO2-50mol % TiO2 were found as the preferable catalysts for the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx. In this study, the effects of the addition of Cr2O3 etc. to CuO-TiO2 were examined, and 45-47.5mol % CuO-2. 5-5mol% Cr2O3-47.5-52.5mol% TiO2 catalysts were found. And, the characteristic performances of three kinds of catalysts were compared, and these catalysts proved to be almost the similar catalytic activity and the repeated regenerative stability.
CuO-Cr2O3-TiO2 catalysts of different compositions were prepared by the coprecipitation from CuSO4, Cr2 (SO4) 3 and TiCl4 aq. solution with NH4OH aq. solution. The experiments were carried out using a flow-type packed bed reactor for the reduction of NOx and the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx, and a thermobalance reactor for the basic study on the removal of SO R and the regeneration of catalysts, under atmospheric pressure at 350°C. The inlet gas was 500, 1000ppm (mainly 1000ppm) SO2-500ppm NO-500ppm NH3-5% O2-10% H2O-N2. The regeneration of catalysts was carried out by the reduction of CuSO4 formed to Cu3N with20% NH3-7.4% H2O N2 at 400°C, and then the oxidation of Cu3N to CuO with 5 % O2-10% H2O-N2 at 350°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1235K) -
Yoshiro KURATA, Akira AMANO1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 282-285
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe alkylation of naphthalene with a few kinds of alkylating agents was examined in the reaction temperature range of 200 to 400°C by using a convenient smallsized tubing-bomb as a reactor.
With dialkylbenzenes and molten zinc chloride as a catalyst, the transalkylation of naphthalene was conducted. The experimental results are listed in Table 1, which show that the alkylnaphthalenes are produced accompanied with the formation of by-products to some extent.
The alkylation of naphthalene with olefins and the above-mentioned catalyst was examined. The results, as summarized in Table 2, reveal that the alkylation also proceeds with some by-products formed.
In the case of use of alkylchlorides as an alkylating agent, the naphthalene was alkylated without addition of zinc chloride as shown in Table 3. Accordingly, the alkylnaphthalenes can be efficiently obtained by selecting the proper reaction conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 286-294
Published: April 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (13543K)
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