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65 巻, 9 号
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笠岡 成光1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 709
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (241K) -
照沼 清1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 710-719
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーFour pilot plant projects regarding coal conversion process are being carried out by NEDO under the Sunshine project which was established as a governmental alternative energy program to promote comprehensive R & D for the new energy technology.
1. Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle project is planned to commercialize a power generation system consists of a highly efficient (air blown, pressurized, 2-rooms, 2-stage, entrained bed) gasifier, a dry gas clean-up system and a high temperature (1, 300°C class) gas turbine system in the beginning of 21st century. A 200t/d pilot plant is now being designed to begin the initial operation in 1989.
2. The project of Hydrogen Manufacturing Technology from Coal aims for the economical hydrogen production from various types of coal with a high performance (oxygen blown two-swirling-stream type) gasifier. A 20t/d pilot plant is being designed to be operational by 1991.
3. Brown Coal Liquefaction project is demonstrating an advanced two stage hydrogen-ation process to convert Victorian brown coal containing 60‰ of moisture to liquid fuel economically. Construction of a 50t of dry coal/d pilot plant is nearing completion scheduled for the end of the next March in Morwell of Victoria, Australia. The 1st hydrogenation stage was tested by coal-in operation from Nov.1980 to Jan. 1981.
4. Bituminous Coal Liquefaction project is to promote a new single stage hydrogenation (NEDOL) process to utilize various types of coal from subbituminous to low rank bitumi-nous coal. A detailed design of 250t/d pilot plant is now in progress and its construction is scheduled for 1987.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1418K) -
HPLC-GC/MS法による化合物タイプの分布横山 晋, 田辺 克守, 佐藤 正昭, 真田 雄三1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 721-733
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーA hydrogenation reaction of Akabira coal with recycle solvent was car-ried out, using hydrogenated anthracene oil as a starting solvent. Also, one through exper-iment using anthracene oil as a solvent under the same reaction conditions was carried out as a comparison
The compound type analyses on the product oil of one through experiment and recycle solvent were performed by means of HPLC-GC/MS method, which has been proposed pre-viously. The amounts of hydroaromatic compounds in recycle solvents decrease and those of aromatic compounds increase with the recycle number. But, with more than five recycling runs the amounts of hydroaromatic compounds seem to gradually increase.
This is due to hydrogen donation of hydroaromatic compounds to fragments created by thermal rupture of the coal structure during the initial stage of the run. During further runs, hydroaromatic compounds were produced by hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in solvent and by hydrogenolysis of coal under Red mud-S as a catalyst. Therefore, an im-provement in hydrogen donor ability for solvents is expected again with further experimen-tal runs. In this experiment, in the last sixth recycle solvent, the donor ability did not rise to a satisfactory level and the composition of this solvent was still not in equilibrium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1476K) -
土田 裕三, 伊藤 博徳, 真壁 正孝, 大内 公耳1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 734-738
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーTaiheiyo coal has been hydrogenated using iron and iodine as catalyst The effect of quantity of iron and iodine, the reaction temperature and reaction time were examined. Catalyst acted very effectively on liquefaction, but the excessive iodine accelerated the condensation reaction decreasing the conversion. Pretty large amount of iodine was trapped in preasphaltene and pyridine insoluble fraction. It is not yet clear how iodine acted on liquefaction or polymerization of coal, however one possible mechanism is as follows. Substitution of iodine affords iodated coal molecules, which produce hydroiodic acid by reacting with molecular hydrogen. Hydroiodic acid thus formed reacts with iron, producing hydrogen radicals which stabilize coal fragment radicals. Condensation reaction takes place between aromatic iodides and other aromatic molecules evolving hydroiodic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (571K) -
炭素質と触媒との接触性山田 哲夫, 岩淵 敏典, 鈴木 勉, 本間 恒行1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 739-745
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the gasification of phenol-formaldehyde resin char (PFC) added alka-line earth chlorides of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba as catalysts by carbon dioxide, the catalytic activ-ity measured by thermogravimetry (TG) was discussed in connection with the contact be-tween catalyst species and carbon and the chemical transformation of the catalyst in the gasification temperature range by means of contact angle measurement (CAM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
According to temperature-programmed TG curves obtained, the catalytic activity se-quence was found to be Ca> Sr > Ba > Mg. This was different from the order Ba > Sr-Ca > Mg for carbonate and nitrate already reported. The catalytic mechanism of the chloride would be based on the cyclic raction of oxide-carbonate similarly to acetate from the result by XRD. But, the information of CAM indicated that the catalytic activity of chlorides was more greatly governed by the melting and wetting on PFC than the chemical change into the corresponding oxide and carbonate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1040K) -
小山 俊太郎, 田中 真二, 松尾 光広, 森原 淳, 野北 舜介1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 746-755
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーFour different coals were gasified to investigate the relationship be-tween gasification efficiency and coal properties in an entrained-bed gasifier. The increase in the oxygen-coal ratio resulted in a maximum value of cold-gas efficiency (ηg). The optimum oxygen-coal ratio (λoop), corresponding to the maximum value of cold-gas efficiency (ηgmax.), was dependent on coal properties. Under actual operating conditions, ηgmax. ax could not be obtained if the ash fluid point (Tf) of the coal was comparable to the temperature coresponding to λoop. In this case, oxgen-coal ratios larger than Aoop were re-quired to obtain temperatures high enough to maintain the flow of molten slag. For coals containing relatively large amount of carbon, higher rate of oxygen were required to gasifiy all the carbon. This resulted in reduced values of η gmax. However, operation at Aoop was possible as the associated temperatures were sufficiently high to maintain slag flow. It was determined that the slag flowing temperature (Tsg) is related to ash fluid point by: Tsg=Tf +100°C.
In order better to understand the relationship between cold-gas efficiency and coal properties, the maximum cold-gas efficiency was estimated theoretically using the values of an ultimate analysis as well as the ash fluid point. The ratio of the experimental value (ηgmax) to the theoretical value (ηgmax*) was introduced as a performance index of the gasifier. The analysis of this index provided the adaptability of coal types and suggestion of increasing cold-gas efficiency in entrained-bed gasification.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1498K) -
石炭灰分の溶融におよぼすFe2O3フラックスの影響平戸 瑞穂, 二宮 善彦, 浅見 政彦1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 756-762
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーHigh temperature fusion behavior of mixtures of ash exhibiting a wide range of melting temperature and Fe2O3 additive under oxidizing (Air) and reducing (CO/CO2) atmospheres has been investigated by JIS M8801 and by X-ray diffraction method.
(1) The melting temperature of ash-Fe2O3 mixtures was greatly reduced in the CO/ (C0+CO2) atmospheres of 0.09 to 0.8, where Fe2O3 was reduced to FeO. Hemispherical temper-ature of ash with Fe2O3 decreased with the increased addition of Fe2O3, and the minimum value of the hemispherical temperature was in the range of 1100 to 1150°C. Fe2O3 has been found more suitable fluxing element than Ca0 under that atmospheres.
(2) Under oxidizing, CO-and CO2-rich atmospheres, hemispherical temperature remained constant or decreased slightly with increase Fe2O3 addition until Fe2O3 content reached about 30wt‰ and the fluxing action of iron was hardly observable.
(3) Depending on FeO content, the main compounds detected were iron silicate, hercynite, fayalite, and almandite. The minimum hemispherical temperatures of the mixtures of ash and FeO additive were almost equal to the lowest temperature eutectic points in the FeO-Al2O3-SiO2 phase diagram.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (904K) -
神谷 佳男, 熊谷 善敏1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 763-768
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain benzenepolycarboxylic acids in good yield by the oxygen oxidation of Australian brown coal in alkaline aqueous solution, the effect of thermal pretreatment at temperatures from 300 to 500°C was studied. It was found that the pre-treated brown coal at temperatures from 450 to 500°C has shown a higher yield of benzene polycarboxylic acids (total 36‰, tetracarboxylic 12.5‰, tricarboxylic 7.7‰, pentacarboxylic 7.2‰) as compared with the previous results on a high rank bituminous coal and a precar-bonized subbituminous coal. The THE insoluble fraction from the liquefaction of brown coal in hydrogen donor solvent at 400°C yielded higher amount of benzenepolycarboxylic acids than the original brown coal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (718K) -
持田 勲, 伊藤 研二, 光来 要三, 藤津 博, 奥原 捷晃, 松原 健次, 下原 孝章1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 769-777
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCocarbonization of two Canadian weathered coals of Quintette and Balmer was studied using coal tar, A240 and A240-LS pitches as coking additives. Both coals which had severely lost their fusibility by weathering could be modified by the cocarbonization with the additives to give better coking properties, the extent of improve-ment being strongly dependent upon the characteristics of coal and additives added. Weath-ered Balmer coal was much better than weathered Quintette coal in terms of fusion, adhe-sion and anisotropic development. Better hydrogen donors modified more extensively the above weathered coals. Hydrochloric acid wash results in considerable reduction of calcium content in coal to provide the improvement of coking properties to the above one's, and consequently enables them to give better fusibility event in the carbonization with a poor hydrogen donor additive. The formed cokes of weathered coals through the copreheattre-atment with a proper additive of proper amount under suitable conditions provided a disk type of coke with very high mechanical strength above 150kg/cm2. Oxygen containing functional groups will be discussed on the weathered coals with elemental analysis ESCA, FT-IR and relative intensity of CO to CO2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1404K) -
細田 英雄1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 778-782
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe experimental investigations on fluidized bed peat combustion were performed in a 0.108m i. d. and 2.0m high fluidized bed to obtain the combustion charac-teristics of peat. The peat used contained 40-45‰ moisture and the particle size of it was less than 25mm. When the bed temperature was keeping more than 750°C and the residual oxygen concentration in flue gas was controlling invariable, 5‰, the combustion efficiency reached more than 95‰ and the NOx and SOx emission levels were lowered to less than 180ppm and 20ppm, respectively. It can be suggested that higher combustion efficiency will be achieved by the combustion of the elutriated ash because its heating value was ranged from 1000 to 2000kcal/kg. Moreover, the ash contained few heavy metals. The fluidized bed peat combustion is considered as one of the useful methods of local energy supply.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (564K) -
浅岡 佐知夫, 中田 真一1986 年 65 巻 9 号 p. 783-791
発行日: 1986/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1136K)
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