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Volume 66, Issue 4
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[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 243
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1511K) -
Takashi SUZUKI1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 244-258
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe technology of coal fired thermal power generation in our country has marked a remarkable progress after oil shock. Several new large coal fired boilers have been constructed and old middle class oil fired boilers have been reformed to coal fired ones. This report describes these progress and the status of today (especially in the problem of coal).
Next, the prevention of environmental pollution of coal fired boilers are explained; The emission control of dust, SOx, and NOx in exhaust gas from boilers are achieved with dust collecter, flue gas desulfurization, improvement of combustion process and flue gas denitrization . The technology of waste water treatment at coal fired power plant has also advanced with rapid strides.
Future development of coal fired boiler are also stated briefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1655K) -
Mitsuhiro SAKAWA, Katsuhiko SHIRAISHI, Yoshihisa SAKURAI, Yasuto SHIMO ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 259-263
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoke production by chamber ovens has a long history and efforts are being continued to make the manufacturing process efficient and to preserve the environment.
In this production by this method, however, it is hardly possible to obtain direct information during coal carbonization.
Since the elements that compose coal and coke are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. and are similar to those of the human body, authors has developed a coke oven that permits the direct observation of the coal carbonization process using a soft X-ray computerized tomography (CT) apparatus used in medical treatment.
The following phenomena can be observed as images by the coke oven for the CT method:
· Changes in the bulk density of charge coal (including the difference in the water content)
·Width of the plastic layer and movement of the plastic layer in the coke oven chamber
·Expansion and shrinkage of the charge in the coke oven chamber
· Initiation and growth of cracks.View full abstractDownload PDF (3503K) -
Kouichi MIURA, Ji-Jun XU, Yuuta TEZEN, Hirohisa NAGAI, Kenji HASHIMOTO1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 264-272
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSteam gasification rates of 17 kinds of demineralized coals were measured at 787°C by a rapid heating method to clarify the factor controlling the gasification reaction and to present a valid reactivity index. Upon the demineralization, the gasification rates of lower-rank coals (C<ca.80%) decreased largely, whereas those of higher-rank coals (C>ca.80%) changed little. The difference in the reactivity among the demineralized coals was very small, indicating that the intrinsic reactivity changes little with the coal rank. Thus the gasification of the lower-rank coals was found to be catalyzed by the coal minerals. Ca and Na in carboxylate salts were expected to act as effective catalysts for gasification. The pore structure such as surface area and micro pore volume could not be employed as a reactivity index especially for the lower-rank coals. The amount of oxygen trapped by the char, no, which was measured by the flash desorption technique, was expected to be a valid index of gasification reactivity, because no showed fairly good correlation with the gasification rate irrespective of the rank of coals.View full abstractDownload PDF (2250K) -
Akihiko OHI, Masami ISHIZU, Hyogoro AOYAMA, Akira OBUCHI, Ikuo SAITO, ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 273-277
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the feasibility of coal derived naphthas as gasoline-fueled automobile fuels, mass emissions of several substances in exhaust gas from a test automobile were measured by operating the automobile under 10 mode driving cycle and constant speed conditions at 20, 40 and 60km/h, three kinds of test fuels were prepared by mixing three kinds of coal derived naphtha and iso-octane for setting research octane for numbers at around 90. Two naphthas out of three were produced from Wandoan coal (sub-bituminous coal) by a solvent extraction liquefaction and Victoria coal (brown coal) by a direct coal liquefaction, and the rest was a hydrotreated oil of the latter naphtha.
Mass emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from the test fuels containing 25 vol% of the coal derived naphtha from sub-bituminous coal and 28 vol% of the hydrotreated oil of the naphtha from brown coal were below permissible limits of 10 mode emission standard, but emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from the test fuel containing 70 vol% of the naphtha from brown coal were over the permissible limits. These considerable increases resulted from the large content of naphtha, not the variation in the chemical or physical property.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Atsushi NISHINO, Tadashi SUZUKI, Yasuhiro TAKEUCHI, Yukiyoshi ONO1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 278-286
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have developed a molded catalyst bound by calcium aluminate. This catalyst was composed of alumina cement, fused silica, titanium dioxide as a carrier and a small amount of Pt and Pd. It showed good performance because it has high specific surface area in spite of the absence waschcoat and has been commercially used as a home-use catalyst. We have applied this catalyst for a kerosene space heater with a glass chimney.
We designed a new kerosene space heater (OS-XGM) with the molded catalyst which was designed to improve conversion of exhaust gas from the chimney. This kerosene space heater lies between the current kerosene heaters furnished with catalyst, and the catalytic combustors for kerosene fuel in the future. In this paper, the CO conversion efficiency, the effect of the heat-intercept-plate, the effect of the wick length, the effect of various kinds of catalyst sizes and the setting positions, have been investigated in relation to the catalytic performance in a sealed chamber. Principal results obtained were as follows;
1) The heat-intercept-plate set between the glass chimney and the catalyst, brought uniform distributions of CO and CO2, and maintained the catalyst temperature uniform, as the exhaust gas stream was allowed to diffuse into the catalyst through the intercept-plate.
2) Vaporization rate of kerosene from the wick increased about 5% of maximum value by setting the catalyst over the glass chimney.
3) This catalyst shows good performance in a sealed test chamber at the ventilation condition: n=0.31-0.83cycles/h.
4) Smell index was below 1 when the fire was forced to extinguish by the anti-earthquake extinguished mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (2270K) -
Tatsuo KIMURA1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 287-296
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of forms of sulfur in five palaeogene coal seams of the Ashibetsu colliery in the Ishikari coalfield was investigated in relation to the depositional environment of coal. The main parts of these coal seams contain low amounts of total sulfur. Sulfate and pyritic sulfur contents are very low in the middle part and increase sharply near the top of every coal seam. Some coal seams contain high or somewhat high amounts of inorganic sulfur near the floor. The distribution of organic sulfur is not so simple as that of inorganic sulfur, but there is a tendency for the content of organic sulfur to be high towards the roof. It is not clear why the content of organic sulfur in the lower part of one coal seam is high although the content of inorganic sulfur is very low in the same part.
The variations in sulfur of coal seams are interpreted to depend on whether the coal formation developed under marine condition or fresh water condition. Especially pyritic sulfur content can be one of the important indicators of the depositional environment. It is estimated from the distribution of forms of sulfur in five coal seams of the Ashibetsu colliery that these coal formations began on the way to limnic environment or under fresh water condition influenced by marine regression, developed fundamentally in limnic basins and terminated under brackish water condition influenced by marine incursion. This transition is clearly in harmony with the cyclothem, sand→mud→coal→mud, as seen at the time of the deposition of coal seams in the Ishikari coalfield.View full abstractDownload PDF (1014K) -
[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 297-304
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1039K)
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