燃料協会誌
Online ISSN : 2185-226X
Print ISSN : 0369-3775
ISSN-L : 0369-3775
69 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1~16を表示しています
  • 神原 周
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 979
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 倉 剛進
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 980-993
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    According to the waste flow of manufacturing industry (cf. Chart-1), the discharge of “industrial waste” and that of “house hold waste” is 252, 660, 000t and 46, 470, 000t each, and the final (1987 fiscal year) disposal of industrial waste and household waste is 36, 350, 000 t and 16, 490, 000t each.
    43.2% of “industrial waste” is recycled, and 42.4% of that is reduced by in-termediate treatment. So only 14.4% of total discharge is final disposal. On the other hand, 60.9% of “household waste” is reduced by intermediate treatment, and the rest is nearly final disposal.
    Final disposal of waste is mostly depend on reclamation. Final disposal sites for reclamation are reserved and have good capacity in the whole country. But near large cities, securing them is difficult, for example in Tokyo area it is estimated that they will be full of household waste in 4.2 years and will be full of industrial waste in 0.8 years.
    The ministry of international trade and industry financially aids the recycling test plant. MITI requires 1991 fiscal year budget of test plant as twice as that of 1990, moreover requires the budget for expenditure to make the new recycle products, expenditure to make the recycle system and the aid for the development of efficient technology of generation of electricity by waste.
  • 岡本 謙三
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 994-1000
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Steel industry is making great efforts to recycle the wastes which occur in various stages of iron and steel production with success of high recycling rates. Slags account for major portion of the wastes, about 90%, followed by dust, 9%, and sludge and others, 1%. More than 90% of the slags is used as raw material of ce-ment and aggregates for road building, and especially it can be said the blast furnace slag is recycled 100%. The dust is overwhelmingly of iron oxide and, after treated in sintering process or pelletizing process, is recharged into blast furnaces. The rate of its recycling is more than 90%. Wasted acid resulting from cleaning surface of steel and containing iron is treated to recover iron, which is recycled and used as raw mate-rial for ferrite and pigment, and also recover acid.
    Thus the recycling of wastes occurring in the steel industry is being made at high rates, but the total volume of the wastes is considerable, about 40 million tons a year, and the volume of wastes to be disposed finally cannot be said small. So, there are problems such as finding sites for their disposal such as reclamation and land filling.
  • 高野 明信
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1001-1007
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
    Petroleum refineries discharge industrial waste such as waste oils, sludge, waste acids, waste alkalis and etc. However, thanks to the adoption of reuti-lization and recycling activities, petroleum refineries discharge only 329 thousand to 594 thousand tons of industrial waste per year and the ratio of discharged industrial waste from petroleum refineries have dropped to about 0.1 to 0.2 percent of all discharged industrial waste. Therefore, petroleum refineries haven't particular problems on industrial waste treatment.
  • 青木 正則
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1008-1016
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The expansion of coal utilization will result in the production of large volumes of coal ash. The utilization and/or disposal of this large volume of coal ash is an important problem for the electric power industry. Thus, this institute is conducting the development and improvement of potassium silicate fertilizer and compound fertilizer which utilize coal ash. In addition to the fertilizer development research, the results of consideration of the use of coal ash for soil improvement and the use of coal ash landfill sites for aguriculture are summarized.
  • 中里 一郎
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1017-1021
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Coal-fired power plants produce 4, 000, 000 ton of coal ash per annual in Japan.
    Less than 50% of the coal ash is reused effectually as cement misxture etc., but the remains is dumped for landfill as industrial waste.
    As a part of the coal ash utilization, we have commercialized architeactural ceramics made of coal ash. One products is paving blocks and one is cavity blocks. Coal ash characteristics for ceramic materials has been well seized in order to develop these materials. As the results of tests on the strength of materials, water absorption tests and freezing and melting tests, it has confermed that these materials had good aptitude for construction materials.
  • 石井 國義
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1022-1027
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In establishing coal firing power plants, the processing of a large amount of coal ash generated from the plants is becoming a serious problem and the development of the technology to effectively utilize a large amount of coal ash as a resource is expected.
    In accordance with such social demands, Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc., Kyudensangyo Co. Inc., and Kobe steel, Ltd. jointly succeed in development of the technology of manufacturing the lightweight aggregates which was expected to enable to effectively utilize a large amount of coal fly ash. The product has been brought to market under the brand name of FA-LIGHT.
    FA-LIGHT is produced by the sintering process utilizing the unburned carbon left in coal fly ash, after the green pellets agglomerated by the mixed and premoistened fly ash are ignited by the pulverized coal firing burner.
    This technology can make a great contribution to the recycling of industrial waste, compared with the conventional process to manufacture the lightweight aggregates from shale with the rotary kiln system, because the process effectively utilizes a large amount of coal fly ash of industrial waste and consume less fuel by adopting of the sintering method utilizing the unburned carbon left in coal fly ash.
  • 綿貫 繁雄
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1028-1033
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the course of carrying out periodical shut down, repairing or renovation work of plants such as power plant, oil refinary and chemical plants, large quantity of discarded insulation materials are produced. And disposal of those materials claims major cost to contractors. In additions, the capacity of disposal lots are decreasing year by year. This is an another social problem.
    Under such circumstances, Nichias has realized the device which can decrease volume of discarded insulation materials to 1/5 to 1/15 by means of crushing, pressing method under ambient temperature.
    This is to refer to technical matters, the outline of device and operational process, capacity, experiences, prevention of environmental hazards, installation location, legal requirements of carrying the disposal business and effective utilization of the discarded insulation materials.
  • 大下 孝裕
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1034-1041
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
    This technology grew out of the expanding social and environmental problems of municipal waste disposal, and particularly the pressing need to conserve the use of limited landfill spaces.
    The technology comprises a method and apparatus for the stable and effective combustion of unshredded waste in a fluidizedbed incinerator primarily through the establishment of a thorough revolving motion of the bed material.As a result of the revolving flow this technology has realized the stable combustion and heat recovery or waste without the use of a crusher and permitted a wide range of inputs including municipal refuse plastics, waste oil, tyres, sewage sludge and lowgrade waste coal, even where such input includes an assortment of non-combustible material.
    The application of this technology was first established in 1981 and is commonly referred to as TIF (Twin Interchanging Fluidizedbed) technology, indicating the two-sided through revolving action of bed material. Last year (1989) this type of furnace accounted for 60% of the fluidizedbed municipal solid waste incinerator capacity ordered in Japan and 100% of that capacity which was ordered without a crusher.
    The special characteristics and functions of the revolving fluidized-bed incinerator were recognized and received inperial invention prize.
  • 須藤 欽吾
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1042-1045
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    On the processing of spent hydrodesulfurizing catalysts, which increase in volume with increased environmental controls, the present situation, a practical operation and necessary conditions for economical industrialization are outlined and a measure to meet the future situation with due regard to industrial waste disposal regulations is proposed.
  • 半谷 栄寿
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1046-1051
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of trial execution of classification and collection of office used papers, which has continued in our headquarters building from this April, is to create new system and measure its cost/benefit and contribute to the society by offering know-how and data in order to utilize resources and decrease garbage.
    The trial has succeeded in creating system and showing good performance in cost/ benefit. To make the system prevalent, our company is proposing town-block association of companies, which aims larger economy of scale by means of cooperation of adjacent buildings. Development of this project in large office buildings in various areas is thought to be the key to the spread of unprecedented classification and collection of office used papers.
  • 片山 徹
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1052-1060
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The wastes which are discharged from Kinki district amounts to a hundred millions tons a year. Even if the measures must be taken to promote resource recovery from such wastes and to reduce the weight and volume of wastes by intermediate treatment, we must dispose of 46 millions tons of wastes to the final disposal site.
    Our bussiness is to dispose of the wastes such as general wastes, industrial wastes, soil discharged by construction activities, and dredged sand from the regional area (149 municipalities) to the two of our final disposal sites, Amagasakioki (113ha) and Izumiotsuoki (203ha) with an eye to prevent environmental pollution.
    We construct loading facilities, and wastes are carried by barges from each loading facilities to the landfill sites in order to prevent the concentration of the dump trucks loading wastes.
    Acceptable wastes must be nontoxic and nonhazardous, also they must be satisfied with our acceptable standards of wastes. In the impermeable water controlled area where we dispose of general wastes, sewage sludge, slag, smoke dust and so on, we have driven in steel sheet piles in behind the sea walls down to the clay layer, and we are to discharge the water through the waste water treatment facility.
    Landfilling period is about six years from 1989 to 1994, and the land is planned to be utilized as sites for factories, a park, a yachtharbor and so on.
    Thus, the wastes are expected to rebirth the land, improve the urban environment and also recreat the new seacoast environment.
  • 会誌編集委員会
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1060
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • モデル物質の水素化分解反応に対する各種触媒の接触作用の比較 (反応温度の影響)
    池永 直樹, 小田 廣和, 横川 親雄
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1061-1067
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ten kinds of catalysts were applied to the hydrogenolysis reactions of coal model compounds at 653 and 693K, and the specific behavior of the catalysts and the effect of temperature on them were discussed. Diphenylmethane, dibenzyl, diphenyl ether and four kinds of condensed aromatics were employed. Adkins' catalyst was highly active, especially in hydrogenating aromatic nuclei at 653K. However, its catalytic effect did not increase at 693K. ZnCl2 and Fe2O3 did not show catalytic activity practically for most of the model compounds and seemed to re-tard the cleavage of C-C and/or C-O bonds. On addition of sulphur, the activity of Fe2O3 increased at 653K, but it decreased significantly at 693K. This tendency was also observed for MoS3, and the fact was noted as a characteristic of the catalysts containing sulphur. MoO3-TiO2 was the most active among the catalysts employed. MoO3-Al2O3 and MoO3-Fe2O3-SnO2 were also active for hydrogenolysis of diphenylmethane and diphenyl ether. NiO-SiO2-Al2O3 could activate hydrogen by an action of Ni and also to cleave C-C bonds as the result of the acidic character of the carrier.
  • 武田 詔平, 北野 邦尋, 本間 専治, 田崎 米四郎, 弓山 翠, 鶴江 孝, 千葉 繁生, 河端 淳一, 千葉 忠俊
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1068-1076
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Gasification of four different kinds of coal chars were carried out in a 1.0 ton/day fluidizedbed gasifier within a range of the following operating conditions; the gasification temperature from 1150 to 1320K, the total pressure from 0.6 to 1.9MPa, the superficial gas velocity from 0.5 to 0.8m/s, the steam to air and/or oxygen ratio from 0.8 to 2.5, and the fluidized bed height of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6m. The experiments were focussed to examine the effects of the above operating variables, particularly the properties of fed char particles, on the rates of entrainment of fine particles from the freeboard and overflow of bed particles through the overflow pipe as well as on their microphotographic properties and carbon content.
    Microphotographs of the entrained and overflow particles showed that distribution of fine ash particles and extent of dilatation of the residual char particles depended on the properties of fed char particles. The rate of entrainment exhibited a variation corresponding to the size distribution of fed char particles and the attrition characteristics of gasifying char particles. The weight fractions of entrained particles were about 0.2 to 0.5 of the fed char particles under the present operating conditions. Among the chars used so far, the maximum entrainment rate was observed for Blair Athol coal char due to its highest content of fine particles and possibly to its most fragile structure for rapid heating.
    The fraction of entrained particles increased with the superficial gas velocity while that of overflow particles decreased. Also, increase of the fraction with the pressure became appreciable when the pressure exceeded 1MPa. The content of fine particles in the entrained particles increased with the carbon conversion and the fluidized bed height, which might be attributed to fine ash formation by attrition of ash layer on the surface of gasifying char particles.
  • 大井 明彦, 青山 兵五郎, 小渕 存, 佐藤 芳樹, 大内 日出夫
    1990 年 69 巻 11 号 p. 1077-1082
    発行日: 1990/11/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to evaluate the feasibility of coal derived middle distil-lates as diesel-powered automobile fuels, mass emission of CO, HC, NOx and particulate matter, and content of soluble organic fraction (SOF) in the particulate matter were measured by operating two types of automobiles fueled with the middle distillate under 10 mode driving cycle, idle condition and constant speed conditions at 20, 40 and 60km/h. One (A) of the automobiles was conformed to Japanese emission standard for indirect injection type dieselpowered lightduty vehicle in 1988 and the other (B) to standard for dieselpowered passenger car in 1986 which required more stringent permissible limit for NOx. The middle distillate (BHD) was obtained from liquefaction of Battle River coal followed by catalytic hydrogenation and distillation ranged from 180 to 350°C. Test fuels BHD-10 and BHD-25 were prepared by mixing 10 and 25vol% of the distillate (BHD) with the gas oil (F), respectively, and test fuel (BHD-25D) by adding 0.5vol% of a cetane booster to the fuel BHD-25.
    The mass emission of CO, HC and particulate matter emitted from the automobiles A and B increased with the increase of the middle distillate content in the test fuels, but the mass emission of NOx and the content of SOF did not correlate with the middle distillate content for either automobile. These results were almost the same as the results reported in a previous paper except for SOF. The emission from the automobile B showed stronger dependence on the middle distillate content than the other automobile, but the degree of dependence became very small compared with the previous results. Addition of the cetane booster to the mixed fuel improved the ignition quality, that is, the cetane number was raised from 44 to 53, and it decreased the mass emission of CO, HC and particulate matter in the case of automobile B.
    Although exhaust emission characteristics of the mixed fuel containing the coal derived middle distillate were highly improved by adding the cetane booster and distilling the middle distillate between 180 to 350°C, the improvement of the middle distillate itself, such as lowering of aromaticity, is necessary to use it under more stringent emission standard.
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