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原稿種別: 目次
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松永 茂樹
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1-2
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手塚 哲央
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3-4
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国吉 浩
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5-6
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内山 洋司
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7-8
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坂西 欣也
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9-10
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シサネット チャンウンラー, 浦上 慶民, 会田 千津子, 堀尾 正靭
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セッションID: O101
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Biomass wastes like waste wood, paper, coffee, tea, fruit and bamboo is become to use as charcoal powder fuel in the boiler and stove. To confirm that such biomass wastes can be used as safety as charcoal from powder charcoal source wood, we examined of their properties, i.e., higher heating values, proximate analysis and combustion characteristics(TGA). Their ash content was less than 4wt%, volatile matter was about80 wt% and ultimate analysis of nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine was high. Charcoal showed much less emission of NO_x and HCl. Biomass food waste have been found potential sources of powder charcoal fuel.
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赤星 栄志, Ryosuke ENDO, 木谷 収, 伊香賀 正直
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セッションID: O102
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The comparison for the productivity of the Sugarcane and hemp, the usages, the economies, and the environments was tried with Miyako-Island. The current state and there is a subsidy and, then, the economy of the Sugarcane is higher. However, the additional value whose hemp is three times was high without the subsidy. There is a useful possibility in the density reduction of the nitrate nitrogen though additional equipment is necessary to use hemp for the biofuel.
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笹内 謙一, 谷口 美希, 安 鐵朱, 福井 淳一, 赤松 史光
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セッションID: O201
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For the use of biomass, which is distributed widely and shallowly, as energy, it is a major challenge to secure the collection and transportation of materials. The efficient use of biomass resources requires the efficient conversion of a small amount of biomass to energy in the site where it is generated and the realization of "local production for local consumption." We are involved in the development of small and simple two-stage gasification equipment that can solve these challenges. Specifically, with the two-stage gasification process, biomass is pyrolyzed and the volume is reduced in a rotary kiln type pyrolysis furnace that can accept a relatively wide range of shapes and moisture contents, and the carbide generated as the residue of the pyrolysis is gasified to improve the gasification efficiency. These processes are integrated in a compact unit for downsizing and cost reduction as well as the achievement of high efficiency. We report the outline of the development and the results of earlier tests and research.
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田中 未来, 小林 信介, 朴 桂林, 烏 暁江, 板谷 義紀, 羽多野 重信, 小林 潤, 森 滋勝
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セッションID: O202
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High temperature air gasification experiment of wood biomass in an entrained down-flow gasifier was carried out Gasification experiment was evaluated by analyzing both gas-phase of produced gas and solid-phase of residues. As a result, it was clarified that high carbon to gas conversion could be achieved in the high temperature gasification experiment.
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林 茂也, 天野 宏, 仁木 豊明, 横田 守久, 寺田 隆彦
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セッションID: O203
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A new process will be developed that can recover carbide from waste biomass energy by using the maximum possible amount of waste heat from a cement kiln and minimizing heat loss in the tar reforming process.
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松野 孝典, 鈴木 京子, 山田 哲夫, 鈴木 勉
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セッションID: O204
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Carbonization of wood tar loaded with nickel and calcium at 900℃ for 1h could afford crystallized mesoporous carbon with good capacities of electromagnetic shielding(EMS) and liquid phase adsorption. Electroconductivity and EMS capacity of the tar-derived carbon were enhanced by washing it with dilute acid to be comparable to those of a commercial electroconductive carbon(acetylene black, named Denkablack). Thus the nickel-catalyzed carbonization was an effective utilization method of wood tar, even though the acid-treated carbon was inferior to Ketjenblack, which is the highest-quality electroconductive carbon, in these functions. This will in turn imply the high practicability of carbonization as a thermochemical conversion means of biomass, because the tar fraction, a low-valued by-product, can be converted into a highly value-added functional carbon.
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矢野 伸一, 井上 宏之, 遠藤 貴士, 坂木 剛, 澤山 茂樹
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セッションID: O205
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Pretreatment is essential technology in the ethanol production system from woody biomass with enzymatic saccharification, but it often uses chemicals such as sulfuric acids, which can cause several problems. As non-acid or non-chemical pretreatment, we are investigating mechanical comminution technology. Woody biomass pulverized with a planetary ball mill showed high saccharification rates for both cellulose and hemicellulose after enzymatic digestion. Ball milling was effective for both hardwoods and softwoods and enabled saccharification at low cellulose loading, which leads to large reduction of enzyme costs. Consecutive ethanol fermentation by the addition of yeast to the enzymatic hydrolysate was possible and the ethanol yields were more than 90% of the theoretical value for eucalyptus and Japanese cypress. The result suggested that little inhibition for fermentation occurred even though the residues of the saccharification remained in the same vessel. Ball milling is effective in reducing enzyme costs and considered to be a promising pretreatment procedure for ethanol production from woody biomass.
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柿薗 俊英, 大野 智子, 三原 直, 遠川 弘樹, 古川 侑佳, 西尾 尚道
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セッションID: O206
発行日: 2007/01/16
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Microbial fuel cell(MFC) can directly convert chemical energy of organic substances to electric energy via the metabolic activity of microorganisms with the aid of a chemical redox mediator. Research on MFCs has been making great progress in terms of elevated power outputs as well as improved coulombic yields. MFC can exploit the whole biomass energy theoretically by far better than conventional biomass utilization technology, namely ethanol and methane fermentation because MFC requires neither any subsequent costly process such as distillation and distillate disposal like ethanol fermentation, nor reforming process for methane to hydrogen. With an alternative proton exchange membranes(PEM) to Nafion^[○!R], NeoSepta CMS was shown more durable and inexpensive as one of the essential components of MFC. In this study, we have applied organic wastewater, uncooked "raw" starch, and other unexploited biomass as a possible biofuel source for electricity generation.
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岡久 大祐, 吉田 拓也, 松村 幸彦
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セッションID: O207
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We proposed a continuous-type hydrothermal saccharification process for pretreatment of lignocellulosic material for ethanol fermentation. Hydrothermal pretreatment and following cellulase hydrolysis have been conducted using this process for cellulose, employed as a biomass model compound. Cellulose was converted to the products which hydrolyzed by cellulase.
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木内 崇文, スタシニー プラニートラッタナノン, 馬 克東, 脇坂 港, 白井 義人, 森村 茂, 木田 健次
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セッションID: O208
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Renewable energy from kitchen refuse with ethanol fermentation for biofuel application was established in this work. Ethanol fermentation from kitchen refuse by acid tolerant yeast as Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602 was selected from four S. cerevisiae strains comparison. At the optimal kitchen refuse medium which consisted only 12%(w/v) glucose, maximal ethanol concentration of 59.38g/L with 98.23% the theoretical yield in shaking flask condition resulted in 0.50% ethanol yield(Y_<p/s>) without pH control was achieved. When non-sterilized conditions of ethanol fermentation from kitchen refuse in scaling up to 20-L bioreactor was applied. About 50.22g/L ethanol concentration was obtained, equivalent to 93.19% fermentation efficiency of theoretical and 0.42% ethanol yield (Y/_<p/s>) under agitation rate of 100rpm at 30℃ for 18h. Therefore, non-sterilized ethanol fermentation from kitchen refuse by S. cerevisiae ATCC 26602 could be suggested as an economical process.
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堀本 太一, 松村 幸彦, 菊地 義弘
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セッションID: O209
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Determination of heat of reaction for chemical reactions taking place in supercritical water is important for process engineering, but no measurement has been reported so far. The purpose of this study is to establish the method to determine the heat of reaction in supercritical water. Glucose was decomposed in supercritical water using a tubular reactor, and inlet and outlet temperatures were measured that allowed the determination of the heat of reaction. The conditions were a temperature of 400,450℃ and pressure of 23.5MPa and glucose concentration of 0.05M.
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熊谷 聡, 山田 則行, 坂木 剛, 林 信行
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セッションID: O210
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Characteristics of decomposition and saccharification of various lignocellulosic biomass were investigated using a percolator type reactor under hydrothermal conditions with three-step heating (30℃, 130℃ and 200℃) for fractionation of component in the biomass. Agricultural wastes(rice straw, barley straw) showed high-solubilized products yield in the each fraction in comparison with woody biomass(eucalyptus, douglas fir and Japanese cedar). At 200℃, the obtained solubilized products were mainly these hemicellulose-derived monomers and oligomers. The main component of hydrothermal treatment residue was cellulose. Particularly, in case of agricultural waste, the ratio of cellulose in the residue reached about 80%. This reason was because lignin in the agricultural waste was easy to solubilize in comparison with woody biomass.
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榛葉 貴紀, 成瀬 一郎
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セッションID: O211
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Fundamental gasification characteristics in CO_2 and H_2O atmospheres at high temperature are experimentally studied, using an electric heated drop tube furnace. The gasification experiments are performed, changing temperature at the furnace wall, gasification agents and residence time. Hinoki sawdust is selected as a fuel. In the experiments, the gas composition and the elemental compositions in the residual reaction particles are analyzed. The result shows that co-existence of CO_2 with H_2O can enhance the gasification performance, compared with the individual gasification characteristics.
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岡田 卓哉, 岡崎 健, 奥村 幸彦
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セッションID: O212
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川村 淳浩, 秋澤 淳, 柏木 孝夫, 宮崎 隆彦
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セッションID: O301
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It is consumed much energy in fossil fuels to production crops in greenhouses in Japan. And flue gas as CO_2 fertilization is used for growing crops in modem greenhouses. If biomass can use for production vegetables in greenhouses, more than 800,000kl of energy a year(in crude oil equivalent) will be saved. In this study, at first, we made the biomass combustion equipment, and performed fundamental examination for various pellet fuel. We performed the examination that considered an application to a real greenhouse next. We considered biomass as both a source of energy and CO_2 gas for greenhouses, and the following findings were obtained: 1) Based on the standard of CO_2 gas fertilization to greenhouses, it is difficult to apply biomass as a CO_2 fertilizer, so that biomass should be applied to energy use only, at least for the time being 2) Practical bioenergy machinery for economy, high reliability and greenhouses satisfying the conservatism that it is easy is necessary. 3) It is necessary to develop crop varieties and cultivation systems requiring less strict environmental control. 4) Disposal of combustion ash occurring abundantly, effective practical use is necessary.
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脇坂 港, 白井 義人, Mohd Ali Hassan
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セッションID: O302
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Palm oil industry in Malaysia is producing palm oil more than 12 million tones every year, while yielding more than 14 million of empty fruit bunch(EFB) and 25 million tones of palm oil mill effluent(POME). In the POME treatment, huge anaerobic ponds(lagoon) are adopted, generating large amount of methane, more than 20 times global warming effect than CO_2. The objective of this research is to estimate actual methane emission from the POME treatment and to find out any possibility to utilize generated methane as an energy source under the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM). Methane emission of 0.238kg CH_4 per kg COD removed or 12.36kg CH_4 per tone POME are obtained from actual mill operation throughout annual measurement. This indicates that more than 200,000 tones of methane, which is equivalent to 4 million tones of carbon dioxide, are estimated to be emitted from whole Malaysia. 500 tones of methane fermentor is installed to palm oil mill to actually prove methane utilization as energy source such as heat or electricity while preventing GHG emission under the CDM.
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中坊 真, 清島 和衣, 薬師堂 謙一, 佐藤 祐幸, 古閑 茂雄, 高橋 佳孝
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セッションID: O401
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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There are many competing uses for herbal biomass materials: as animals feed, soil protection and soil fertility maintenance, fiber products, and feedstock for industrial applications and fuels such as bales for heating and ethanol. The gasification power plant(180kw) of herbal biomass will be constructed in March 2007 as a part of NEDO project in Aso, Kumamoto, Japan. The heat and electric power generated will be used for the swimming pool managed by Aso city. This report will present the harvesting and transport system of herbal biomass in Aso area. The herbal biomass is mainly constructed with wild miscanthus which spreads in Aso-Kuju national park.
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佐藤 伸明, 望月 和博, 迫田 章義, Phan Dinh Tuan
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セッションID: O402
発行日: 2007/01/16
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We are focused on the biomass town system which is based on rice cropping in Vietnam. In this study, we estimated the potential of biomass resource originated from rice cropping with the statistical data of agriculture in Vietnam. We also conducted the field study to understand material and energy balances on the rice cropping in Vietnam.
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堀尾 正靱, 千賀 裕太郎, 小林 久, 志賀 光洋, 日高 正人, 岡田 久典
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セッションID: O501
発行日: 2007/01/16
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Biomass and wastes have a big potential in reducing GHG gases but to realize the potential we need to develop public consensus on their effective management. A web based platform for public consensus building named PEGASUS(Public Energy/Environment Giga Analyzef for Sustainable Society) has been developed and opened since April 2006. The present subject is discussed by using PEGASUS.
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朝野 賢司, 美濃輪 智朗, 藤本 真司, 柳田 高志
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セッションID: O502
発行日: 2007/01/16
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This paper presents (1) summary and problems about Bio-diesel fuels(BDF) promotion policies in Germany, (2) analysis of German diesel price determination factor and demand curve, and (3) German BDF price determination factor and demand curve. It is concluded that (1) energy tax exemption stimulate huge BDF production, while causing serious tax revenue shortage. (2) Demand price elastisy of diesel is much less than that of Gasoline and BDF price. (3) BDF price has been determined by feedstock, rapeseeds price, since 2005.
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発行日: 2007/01/16
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恩田 匠, 長沼 孝多, 小松 正和, 長坂 克彦, 市川 和規, 加藤 知美
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セッションID: P103
発行日: 2007/01/16
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The possibility of bio-ethanol production from extract of sweet corn residues, produced in Yamanashi prefecture, was investigated. It was clarified that the extract of sweet corn residues contained much amount of sugars and amino acids. As a result of ethanol production from the extract of sweet corn residues by using yeast strains, it was found that the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced ethanol from sugars.
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吉田 貴紘, 鈴木 秀典, 山本 幸一, 北村 徳喜, 木原 香奈子, Bouathep MALAYKHAM
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セッションID: P104
発行日: 2007/01/16
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We investigated the current situation of woody biomass resources and their utilization in Laos. Through the survey, it is important to establish the more value-added wood products, because wood products are one of the main exports in Laos and the country has a disadvantage of transportation. In terms of woody residue utilization, currently, sawmill residues are basically utilized as fuel for boiler and as material for mushroom production. However, the utilization efficiency has been still low, so that more effective ways such as implementation of co-generation system which facilitates electrification to rural area are needed.
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山本 幸一, 陣川 雅樹, Dwight A. Eusebio
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セッションID: P105
発行日: 2007/01/16
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Domestic industrial log production was only 505 thousand m^3, and importation of paper, lumber, and log were 606 thousand tons, 338, and 356 thousand m^3 respectively according to Philippine forestry statistics 2003. Industrial wood residues were well utilized for fuel of wood drying, charcoal making and fuel of household. Plantation area was estimated to 710,000 ha.
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渡辺 浩基, 大田 昌樹, 加藤 義隆, 渡邉 賢, 佐藤 善之, 猪股 宏
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セッションID: P107
発行日: 2007/01/16
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Microalgae can be regarded as potential biomass resources because of their rapid growth and simple constituents. For utilization the microalgae as biomass, it must be clarified what are controlling the growth rate and the composition of constituent component in microalgae cultivations. In addition, effective utilization may require the cascade processes consisting of separation of valuable components from microalgae and conversion of residuals to useful components. This study was conducted by using Chlorocuccum littorale as a microalga. The experiments were conducted to firstly study the effects of culture conditions (temperature, gas composition and irradiance) on both the cell growth rate and carotenoid productivity and to secondly apply the supercritical CO_2(sc-CO_2) extraction to caroteniods separation from freeze-dried microalgae. The results revealed that the cell growth rate was enhanced by elimination of O_2 from aeration gas and decrease of brightness of light, and that the sc-CO_2 extraction exhibited lower carotenoid selectivity and higher extraction yield with adding ethanol as an entrainer.
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清島 和衣, 中坊 真, 井芹 大吾, 久木 裕, 薬師堂 謙一, 佐藤 祐幸, 古閑 茂雄
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セッションID: P108
発行日: 2007/01/16
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Aso city government & Kyushu Biomass Forum have been engaging in the experimental usage of the "Herbal Biomass energy" as a part of NEDO project, which is to make the use out of dry grass into thermal and electrical power generation system. It is crucial to understand not only the exact volume & amount of resources reachable but also the cost of the distribution for the embarkation on a new biomass energy business. G.I.S.(Geographical Information System) is designed to integrate the information of the geography & the resources and to facilitate the systematization of the distribution. This report is to present the amount of the unused herbal biomass resources in Aso area with the G.I.S. analysis as follows;
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高橋 勤子, 高須 恭夫, 小林 信介, 板谷 義紀, 森 滋勝
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セッションID: P109
発行日: 2007/01/16
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In order to obtain basic data to utilize hot compressed water-treated biomass as molding material, thermal fluid behavior of hot compressed water-treated wood powder were investigated by a capillary rheometer. When treated at 240℃ for 3.6minutes, the powder started to flow at 149℃ under constant load and increasing temperature. This powder could be molded into plastic-like substance by press molding method.
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高橋 麻耶子, 相澤 雄一, 渡邉 賢, 猪股 宏
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セッションID: P213
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Hydrogen production from glucose in hot-compressed water was experimentally studied at 250〜350℃. It was found that an addition of ZnO as catalyst and H_2O_2 as an oxidant brought about an increase in the yields of CO_2, CO, and H_2. The yields of CO_2 and CO proportionally increased with increasing the amount of H_2O_2, whereas H_2 yield decreased above a certain amount of H_2O_2. The influences of temperature on the gas yields were revealed to be not so significant under the condition in this study. However, it would be noted that the H2 yield was higher at the lower the oxidant addition at all the temperature. Now we are studying on the reaction mechanism and the optimization of the process.
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二見 恭介, 松村 幸彦
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セッションID: P214
発行日: 2007/01/16
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It is expected that hydrogenation, especially that caused by partial oxidation via carbon monoxide, is effective in enhancing the gasification efficiency for supercritical water gasification. In previous research, it is confirmed that change in S/V ratio influences hydrogenation yield of acetone by formic acid. In this study, we prepared a reactor packed with stainless particles to obtain a high S/V ratio, and we studied the effect of S/V ratio on the hydrogenation of acetone in supercritical water.
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原 翔太郎, 松村 幸彦, 清水 嘉久, 野田 洋二, 美濃輪 智朗
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セッションID: P215
発行日: 2007/01/16
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A novel supercritical water gasification process where catalyst particles were suspended in the feedstock, and resulting slurry was continuously fed to the reactor was proposed, and fundamental study was made experimentally. The new process was also effective in achieving higher gasification efficiency.
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北川 裕司, 松村 幸彦, 清水 嘉久, 野田 洋二, 野口 琢史, 美濃輪 智朗
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セッションID: P216
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The viscosity of chicken manure with suspended activated carbon, which is the feedstock for the supercritical water gasification, was determined. A rotary viscometer was employed, and correlation was derived for the resulting apparent viscosity.
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中村 昭史, 清永 英嗣, 三浦 健, 清水 嘉久, 野田 洋二, 美濃輪 智朗, 松村 幸彦
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セッションID: P217
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Gasification of chicken manure has been conducted using our proposed supercritical water gasification process in which fine activated carbon mixed with feedstock was used as gasification catalyst. The gasification results with and without activated carbon were evaluated by carbon gasification efficiency and cold gas efficiency.
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池田 努, 杉元 倫子, 野尻 昌信, 真柄 謙吾
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P218
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Bioethanol is currently produced from sugar cane or corn starch. However, the production capacities of such crops are not enough in Japan. On the other hand, lignocellulosic biomass is abundant natural resource and much amount of it is available for bioethanol production in Japan. We discussed about the alkali pre-treatment on the bioethanol production process from lignocellulosic biomass.
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野尻 昌信, 池田 努, 杉元 倫子, 眞柄 謙吾
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P219
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Woody biomass has become important for a raw material of bioethanol production. Alkaline pre-treatment on the woody biomass is an advantage method for the process of the bioethanol production. In this study, the cellulase production using the alkaline treated woody biomass was investigated. And the bioethanol was produced from the alkaline treated woody biomass using cultures of Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevesiae. We propose a process of the bioethanol production from woody biomass based on the alkaline pre-treatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation.
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岡田 信彦, 小林 信介, 朴 桂林, 羽多野 重信, 板谷 義紀, 田辺 靖博, 小林 潤, 森 滋勝
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P220
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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フリー
For pretreatment of ethanol fermentation from wood biomass, the hot-compressed water liquefaction process has been investigated. Then two-step liquefaction process was proposed to enhance monosaccharide yield. In this paper, the effect of two-step liquefaction was demonstrated, after that the reason why two-step was good for monosaccharide yield was discussed in terms of solid residue and liquid product after first-step reaction.
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藤井 康代, 大久保 捷敏
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セッションID: P221
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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For the production of bioethanol and lactic acid from glucose for alternative petroleum fuel and biodegradative plastic the fermentation process is an important technique. To obtain glucose one of three major cell wall components, cellulose, is an inviting material. Cellulase is not able to converted wood including lignin into glucose easily. So some pretreatments for degradation of lignin are required before the enzymatic saccharification process. Here we apply a hydrogen peroxide-catalyst system to wood powder for delignification. This catalyst system is one of pulp-bleaching methods. Lignin in cell wall of Japanese cedar was decomposed by hydrogen peroxide, itself, but adding the catalyst improved a degradation of lignin drastically. This delignification method was very effective in case the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was more than 15%. Higher treatment temperature and longer treatment time increased in the degree of delignification. Lignin of hardwood powder was easily decomposed by the hydrogen peroxide-catalyst system.
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渡部 秀樹, 二見 恭介, Athika CHUNTANAPUM, 松村 幸彦, Tawatchai CHARINPANITKUL, 藤本 ...
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P222
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The development of the technology that produces ethanol by using an agricultural residue of Thailand is important. In this research, we conducted fundamental study on reaction characteristics of cassava and sugarcane in hydrothermal pretreatment for ethanol production.
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花岡 寿明, 坂西 欣也, Xiulan Hu, 品川 拓也, 松井 聰, 多田 光宏, 岩崎 敏彦
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P223
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Dry gas cleaning was performed using four different commercial activated carbons at 150℃. Phenol and naphthalene were employed as a model compound of light tar produced from biomass gasification. The effect of physical characteristics of activated carbons was investigated on the adsorption behavior such as breakthrough curve and adsorption capacity using a fixed bed reactor. The breakthrough curve and adsorption capacity were largely dependent on the type of activated carbons. The adsorption capacities for phenol and naphthalene were 6.7-11.9 g/100g-AC, 19.9-23.7 g/100g-AC, respectively. For highly adsorption capacity, larger specific surface area was needed and appropriate ratio of average pore diameter to tar molecular diameter would exist while the particle size hardly affected adsorption capacity.
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鳥越 隆志, 成瀬 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P224
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The biomass gasification has recently been recognized as one of the candidate technologies to utilize the biomass effectively. In this study, pellets of black pine are gasified in a packed-bed gasifier, using air as gasification agent. In the gasification tests, the temperature distribution in the gasifier and the compositions in the gasified gas are measured and analyzed during gasification by thermo-couples and a micro gas chromatograph, respectively. Fundamental gasification characteristics in the packed-bed were discussed by those results obtained.
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小島 康夫, 後藤 裕次郎, 岡 隼人, 梅村 義仁
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P225
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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For mushroom production, a large scale of culture beds was used. After production, their culture beds were disposed. Some of them were recycled to composts. However, large parts of them were not recycled. We tried to utilize the culture beds, such as bed-logs and sawdust-based cultures, for production of fuel gas by thermal gasification. In this gasification system, we have proposed the advantageous system for two stage gasification. In first stage, waste woods are carbonized and in second stage, chars are gasified with steam. In the latter stage, wood gas produced in first stage is used as fuel for gasification. We obtained the good results for production of fuel gas with higher hydrogen contents and no tar production from two stage gasification of both culture beds.
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小木 知子, 中西 正和, 福田 芳雄
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P226
発行日: 2007/01/16
公開日: 2017/03/22
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