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64 巻, 10 号
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南淵 幸雄, 高元 曄夫, 秋田 鴻之助1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 529-534
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーAs previously reported, well-designed double spot ballast can obtain higher light output without reducing life of fluorescent lamps.
On the other hand, to keep lamp life longer and to save energy, a methode to reduce filament temperature automatically after starting has been investigated.
Mutual relations between these two methods, however, have not been made clear in spite of their close interdependency.
In this paper, a design method of a ballast to form double spot and to obtain optimum filament voltage during lamp operation is investigated.
This design is studied from a stand point of keeping lamp life longer and of saving energy. The correctness of this method is proved with some experimental investigations.
Moreover, an equivalent circuit for the tramsformer is applied in order to miniatusize capacitor and desirable results are obtained economically.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (834K) -
坂田 晴夫1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 535-540
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーThe primary condition required for an emergency exit symbol is ease of visual perception and it is desirable that the symbol consists of large figures. In order to evaluate many samples in short time, we selected whether or not they have small output of exclusive “OR” between the analog-digital converted signal of a focused image and that of a defocused image.
We exmined, by a psychometric experiment, the relationship between the output of exclusive OR, and the recognizing distance of the symbol. Only fifteen seconds were required for evaluation of one symbol with this method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6301K) -
照明の評価指標としての見やすさレベル (VEL) の有用性佐藤 隆二, 伊藤 克三, 大野 治代1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 541-548
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study finally aimes at establishing a practical lighting design method based on visual ease, which consists of following three basic studies.
(1) Establishment of index for evaluating the lighting condition based on visual ease of the task, and this index must also be objectively constructed with three main factors in steady visual task condition; background luminance L, contrast C and task size α.
(2) Establishment of a simple technical method for the estimation of the index value for a given task under any lighting condition.
(3) Preparation of the basic data for the practical estimation of the index value.
In this paper, the visual ease level (VEL) is proposed as an evaluation index for lighting, and its practical usefulness is fully investigated.
VEL is defined as a ratio of the actual task size α to the threshold task size αt which corresponds to the combination of the background luminance L and the contrast C of a task under an actual lighting condition. Results of experiments in which subjects are asked to evaluate the readability of sentences presented under various lighting conditions with six step evaluations reveales that every step corresponds to almost fixed VEL value respectively in the practical lighting condition, having background luminance 25-1, 000cd/m2 and task contrast above 0.35. It is confirmed from this result that proposed VEL is a practically useful index to evaluate the lighting condition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (11822K) -
円環光源の場合大谷 義彦, 藤原 義輝1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 549-553
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーA method for numerical calculation of the illuminance within the shadow caused on an illuminated plane by an opaque object located: shadow caster between a circline light source installed horizontally or vertically and an illuminated plane is described.
The calculating processes are as follows:
(1) Replace a real circline light source by an approximate light source without thickness, formed of two ellipses which have the identical center point.
(2) Calculate the configuration factors of the part of the light source which is obscured and/or not obscured by the opaque object, with the computer program CONFAC II, at each point to be calculated.
(3) Obtain the relative illuminance values from the above configuration factors.
The calculating results obtained by a 40 W circline fluorecent lamp on the market combined with a horizontal disk as an opaque object are shown.
The calculated values are confirmed experimentally.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (793K) -
磯村 稔, 山内 基海1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 554-558
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーIf both diffuse and specular reflective components are inherent in a wall surface, it is generally predicted that illuminance incident on work plane from the surface differs from that of the uniform diffuse surface.
And it can be considered that the difference of illuminance has effect upon the illuminance distribution and the utilance on work plane. Therefore, we have made basic experiments on the illuminance and the luminous flux incident on work plane from a wall surface in which diffuse and specular reflective components are inherent, and have compared those results with the case of the uniform diffuse serface.
The results showed that the indirect illuminance and the indirect luminous flux on work plane from a wall surface with diffuse and specular components increased remarkably compared with the uniform diffuse surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (715K) -
渡辺 良男, 山根 幹也1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 559-565
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーThe electrical characteristics of a compact fluorescent lamp which has reduced distance between anode and cathode are investigated. In this case, the lamp efficacy is reduced due to the decrease in positive column length. To improve this lamp efficacy, several rare gases are filled in multi-channel lamps. Neon or neon-helium is available for increasing discharge voltage instead of argon. Neon decreases lamp efficacy slightly but helium mixture decreases it largely. One more reason why mixture gases are not suitable for the multi-channel arc lamp that utilizes anode oscillations is that the mixture gases tend to disturb the stability of the multi-channel discharges. Increase of neon pressure causes the discharge voltage to increase, the cathode fall voltage to decrease and the positive column efficacy to decrease. With 20 W fluorescent lamp filled with neon, maximum lamp efficacy is attained at 4-6 Torr. Under this condition, the lamp efficacy is about 5% lower and discharge voltage is about 70% higher than at 2. 7 Torr argon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1390K) -
矢口 博久, 池田 光男1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 566-570
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that the brightness is dependent not only on the luminance but also on the saturation. Namely, the less saturated colored light needs more luminance to maintain a constant brightness, which is known as the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect. In addition, the brightness additivity law does not hold, when two wavelengths are mixed. In the present experiment, the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect was investigated by the heterochromatic brightness additivity test in which the bichromatic mixtures of λl and λ2 were matched to the brightness of a white reference light of 2° visual angle. The correlation between the brightness reduction and the decrease of the saturation of the mixture was quantitatively analyzed in the context of the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (746K) -
山口 純一1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 571-576
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study was made aiming at energy-saving of a connected line under non-linear load, First, the reporter analyzed the voltage and current wave form of each element in a lag type operating circuit for high pressure mercury lamp to Fourier series. By using the result, the reporter made investigation theoretically of the power distribution of each element in the operating circuit as well as the power factor improvement of input terminal and made experiments, resulting that
(1) It was found that the power of distorted wave such as the third of fifth higher harmonics was transferred between a mercury lamp and a choke coil ballast.
(2) In lighting the high pressure mercury lamp (H 100) by means of a choke coil ballast, the voltage and current characteristics of nonlinear impedance and the characteristics of phase difference angle required to make the power factor of input terminal 1.0 theoretically are mentioned below.
(3) The report describes theoretically the improvement of power factor available only by parallel capacitance of input terminal in lighting the high pressure mercury lamp (H 100) by means of the choke coil ballast, The result corresponds well to actual values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1037K) -
大谷 勝也, 河原 一雄, 鈴木 量, 渡部 勁二, 土橋 理博, 田中 紀彦1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 577-584
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーHigh Pressure Sodium Lamps have the highest efficacy of all high pressure discharge lamps and have been commercially available. However, for their poor color rendition, their uses have been restricted to the places where higher color rendition is not required.
This paper describes the new high pressure sodium lamp with high luminous efficacy (120 lm/W, at 360 W) and superior color rendering properties (Ra 60) and moreover, being able to be operated on the conventional ballast for the high pressure mercury lamp.
For the development of the new lamp, the effect of Xenon was quite important, that is, Ra value increased with Xenon pressure, the same as luminous efficacy.
In addition to it, new sealing glass composition and newly designed electrode had been investigated for th e lamp.
The former had superior property that high temperature sodium diffusion layer was estimated to be less than 1. 7 mm thickness at 900°C after 10, 000 hours treatment and the latter had good stability of the arc spot at the lamp starting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5691K) -
松下 信夫, 高橋 貞雄, 梶山 宏介, 瀬名波 進1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 585-590
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーThe paper deals with physical and chemical characteristics of a new reflector produced by physical vapor deposition method and highly efficient floodlights developed as an application of the new reflector.
The new reflector surface is composed of three layers; aluminum substrate is coated with special heat resistance resin to get the smooth surface, on which super pure aluminum (99. 99%) and silica glass are deposited in turn to get high reflectance and durability. It is found from the experiments that the new reflector takes some advantages over the conventional anodized aluminum reflector, especially in reflection properties and anticorrosion.
As a result, highly efficient floodlights for. 1, 000-watt HID lamps have been developed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7257K) -
池田 紘一, 野田 貢次, 山口 昌一郎1980 年 64 巻 10 号 p. 591-597
発行日: 1980/10/01
公開日: 2011/07/19
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study is to investigate the visual acuity as a function of the adaptation luminance within the range from 0.005 to 4, 000 cd, /m2. A room with sufficiently wide background visual field and with uniform background luminance illuminated diffusely is set up to provide a visual environment for acuity test. The test objects are the Landort rings with luminance contrast of 92% and with in the deviations of size less than ±3% from the standard values. The obsevers are five male students with normal vision and they judge the break orientations of the Landort rings by guessing. Visual experiments are carried out according to the standard method of the visual acuity test.
Results obtained are as follows.
1. The equation approximating the resolutionable visual angle as a function of the 1/4th power of the adaptation luminance was obtained by the method of least squares.
2. This equation shows that the visual acuities are lower than those of Moon and Spencer over the whole range of adaptation luminance, and seems to be more practical and more suitable than that of their's.
3. The visual acuities in the vertical and the horizontal directions are slightly higher than those in the oblique directions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3598K)
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