JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN
Online ISSN : 1349-838X
Print ISSN : 0019-2341
ISSN-L : 0019-2341
Volume 68, Issue 6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Toshiaki Mizuno, Seiji Yabashi, Taro Ishikawa
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 239-242
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The ballast is composed of a rectifying unit, a filter capacitor, a chopper circuit and a control circuit. The chopper circuit has an inductor of a several mH, a high-power switching transistor and a semiconductor diode. The control circuit is a pulse-width-modulator with an error amplifier, and regulates the lamp current to maintain at a preset value.
    The ballast has a high efficacy only for vertically operating lamps. When a horizontally operating lamp is burned with the ballast, because of d. c. component of the lamp current, the light output decreases in the neighborhood of the anode and the total flux or the efficacy becomes small. But when the lamp is placed the cathode up and the anode down, the luminescence is almost homogeneous over the tube surface and high efficacy is obtained.
    The ballast of light weight is achieved, because no transformer is used and the control circuit is replaced by an IC. Moreover, the ballast is compatible for both 50 and 60 Hz of line frequency, and the change of the power or the light output is small with a fluctuation of the line voltage. But the lamp operating position must be limited in the vertical plane.
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  • Junichi Yamaguchi, Sumio Maeda, Michio Iemura
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 243-247
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This research relates to voltage variations characteristics in a system that includes non-liner load. The research has been conducted in the following sequence. Firstly, When main voltage is varied, Fourier series are developed on voltage and current waveforms at each element of lag type operating circuit for high pressure mercury discharge lamp, then using the Fourier expansion, the each harmonic character at each element of the operating circuit is obtained theoretically, and at the same time experiment is performed. The following are derived from the results of the research.
    (1) From the voltage and current of distorted wave at each element of the operating circuit, the impedance (and its resistance and reactance component) is obtained for each harmonic, and their characteristics are clarified.
    (2) From the voltage and current of distorted wave at each element of the operating circuit, the vector diagram is obtained for each harmonic, and their characteristics are clarified.
    (3) From the voltage and current of distorted wave at each element of the operating circuit, the equivalent circuit is obtained for each harmonic, and their characteristics are clarified.
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  • Hiromitsu Matsuno, Seiichi Murayama
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 248-253
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Statistical time lag of breakdown in metal halide lamps with starting probe electrodes was measured as a function of supplied voltage and ultra-violet irradiation intensity.
    The statistical time lag was measured to be an order of magnitude of 100 s at a voltage twice as high as the breakdown voltage. This extra ordinarily long time lag causes a misunderstanding as if the necessity of high voltage for ignition of metal halide lamps were indicative of high breakdown voltage.
    Remarkable effects of ultra-violet irradiation on the statistical time lags were observed. Time lag measured at a voltage twice as high as the breakdown voltage was 0.02 s with irradiation of Hg 254 nm of 0. 35 μW and 130 s without irradiation.
    Inaddition, starting voltages were measured as a function of irradiation power, using the metal halide lamps with a tungsten filament in outer bulb as an ultra-violet radiator. It was found that starting voltage were remarkably lowered by ultra-violet irradiation.
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  • Tetsuo Ono, Hiromitsu Matsuno
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 254-258
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The efficacy of a compact fluorescent lamp (FL) consisted of an outer bulb and two separated inner tubes was measured as a function of the coldest spot temperature. Optimum temperatures to obtain the maximum lumen output were 50°C and 55°C for inner tube diameters of 12.6mm and 9.4mm, respectively. The temperature of the inner tube surface was found to be 160°C for an inner tube diameter of 9.7mm at a room temperature of 16°C and a lamp power of 17 W.
    In Order to analyze these results, we made an additional experiment using a straight tube lamp, in which both temperatures of the coldest spot and the wall adjacent to the light emitting part can be controlled independently. The intensity of Hg 253.7nm radiation from a 9.5mm diameter tube had maximums at 49°C and 58°C for wall temperatures of 100°C and 350°C, respectively.
    From these results it has been concluded that the optimum temperature of this compact FL shifts to higher temperature because the density of mercury atoms inside the inner tubes decreases with the increase of an inner tube temperature.
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  • Keiji Uchikawa, Hiromi Uchikawa, P. K. Kaiser
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 259-264
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The luminances of equally bright colored lights are not necessarily equal when chromaticities of these colored lights are different. This is a crucial problem in the present photometry. The discrepancy between brightness and luminance is greater for colors with higher purities, as known as the B/L effect. In this paper, the amounts of test colors were adjusted so that these colors appeared equally bright to the reference white, and luminances of these colors were measured with flicker photometry. We used 191 test colors to cover almost the entire region of a chromaticity diagram including the purple region. The B/L value of each test, i. e., the ratio of the luminance (B) of the reference white to the luminance (L) of the test color, was obtained and used to plot constant B/L loci in the CIE 1931 (x, y) chromaticity diagram. It is shown that the constant B/L loci appear wider in the green region than the blue-violet region in the chromaticity diagram. This tendency is confirmed in general in similar experiments performed by other researchers, but the details in the shape and size of the loci are quite different among experiments, suggesting that more data are needed to establish the standard B/L function for the new photometry.
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  • Akihiro Inouye
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 265-270
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Reignition phenomena in metal halide lamps during warm-up have been investigated.
    Two probes were set between two main electrodes and space potentials were measured at the moment when reignition occurred. Reignition voltage were measured using an arc tube of which electrodes gap was variable.
    These experiments showed that reignition voltage grew uniformly in the electrodes gap.
    Reignition voltage during warm-up can be suppressed by the following means.
    (1) To dose excess metal into arc tube.
    (2) To make raporization of mercury faster than that of metal halid
    (3) To put the inert gas at high pressures.
    (4) To use heavy inert gas.
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  • Kotaro Shimogaki, Masahumi Ochi, Kyouichi Maseki
    1984 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 271-276
    Published: June 01, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The self-ballasted mercury lamps are now being widely used for the convenience to replace an incandescent lamp without using external ballast.
    However, their lamp efficacy is relatively low for the reason that more than half of the lamp power is consumed in the ballast filament inside the lamp.
    Moreover, the lamp used on the 100 V AC line requires the hot cathode filament in its arc tube for the initiation of the lamp.
    It seems that DC operation could improve the lamp efficacy by reducing the filament loss, however, other difficulties might arise, especially on the maintenance of the lamp and its operating circuit.
    In this paper, the authors present the lamp and its new operating circuit to solve the problems.
    The newly designed lamp with its oparating circuit doubles the lamp efficacy of the current self-ballasted mercury lamps, and yet requires no hot cathode arc tube.
    At least 20, 000 hours are expected as for the circuit life.
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