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Article type: Cover
Pages
Cover1-
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Article type: Index
Pages
Toc1-
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Tatsuo KIMURA, Ikuo SAITO, Makoto KUBONOYA, Toshikazu MIWA
Article type: Article
Pages
1-4
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Plagioclase, analcime, paragonite and illite/smectite mixed layer are found as Na-bearing minerals in the Ikeshima coals. Analcime and paragonite are formed in the fissures and pores in relatively low ash coals. Na content is well correlated with ash content. Na in high ash coals and related sediments mainly depends on plagioclase and Na in low ash coals on analcime, paragonite and plagioclase.
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Hiroshi HAMA, Satoru MURATA, Masakatsu NOMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
5-8
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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On the basis of data of Curie point pyrolysis and solid state NMR spectroscopy, estimation of unit chemical structure of Illinois No. 6 coal was carried out. As for elemental composition, carbon aromaticity, and OH content, the proposed structure of Illinois No. 6 coal (molecular formula C_<441>H_<422>N_6O_<63>, molecular weight 6806) showed a good agreement with that of the original coal.
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Kazuo Nakamura, Satoru Murata, Masakatsu Nomura, Yuzo Sanada
Article type: Article
Pages
9-11
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A method to simulate the physical density of coal model molecules including intramolecular voids was developed. Through the study of a series of coal model molecules using this method, it was revealed to be possible to estimate bridge groups in coal model molecule that are difficult to estimate experimentally.
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Masahide Sasahi, Hiroshi Nagaishi, Takeshi Kotanigawa, Yosuke Maekawa
Article type: Article
Pages
12-15
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The non-covalent bondings in coal have been acknowledge as being of fundamental importance to overall physical properties of coal. To make sure that effect of non-covalent bonding on coal liquefaction, pre-swollen and heat treatment coals were reacted. From this result, coal liquefaction is affected by the control of non-covalnt bonding. Furthermore, spin-lattice relaxation times of thses coals were quite difference compared with raw coal.
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Motoo Yumura, Yasunori Kuriki, Satoshi Ohshima, Fumikazu Ikazaki
Article type: Article
Pages
16-19
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to obtain the images of the coal. The advantages of AFM are that it can be applied to insulating samples and ambient conditions. We tried to observe the micro pore structure of coal and morphological changes of coal surface after the solvents swelling.
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Tetsuo AIDA, Yohji NAWA, Yukihiro SHIOTANI, Masakuni YOSHIHARA, Teijir ...
Article type: Article
Pages
20-23
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The Activation energy on the solvent swelling of synthetic polymer was determined, and its correlation between cross-link density of polymer, steric requirment on swelling and polarity of penetrant were examined
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Tatsushi ISHIZUKA, Toshimasa TAKANOHASHI, Osamu ITO, Masashi IINO
Article type: Article
Pages
24-27
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A carbon disulfide (CS_2)-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) mixed solvent was used for extraction of Argonne Premium Coal Samples at room temperature. Higher extraction yields (63.7-69.7wt%(daf)) for Upper Freeport coal were given when the extraction procedure were carried out under N_2 atmosphere than that 60wt%(daf) under air atmosphere. Addition of a small amount (25mg/1g-coal) of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) gave 85wt%(daf) extraction yield with the CS_2-NMP mixed solvent at room temperature, an increase of about 25wt%(daf) of the yield, compared with that without TCNE.
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Takaki Ohkubo, Haruo Kumagai, Yuzo Sanada, Kazuo Nakamura
Article type: Article
Pages
28-31
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The effects of iodine doping on the extractability of coal were investigated by means of solvent extraction, FT-IR and EPR spectrometry. For high rank coal, extraction yields increased with iodine doping. Thechemical structure of extracts, however did not chang with iodine doping. For low rank coal, no change was observed with iodine doping. EPR power saturation results showed that the doped iodine interacted with aromaticstructure is high rank coal.
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Yoshiaki OGO, Kengo MIZUNO, Akira BANJYOUYA
Article type: Article
Pages
32-35
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Application of high pressure and high temperature in order to be miscible the organic solvents with water was tried as one of pretreatment processes of Illinois No.6 coal. Subsequent hydroliquefaction results showed that this pretreatment process is effective for the increase of oil-fraction in the products. Explosive pretreatment by the use of binary mixtures consisting of water and cyclohexanol was also discussed.
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Shigeru Futamura, Souichirou Honda, Koujirou Ohkawa
Article type: Article
Pages
36-39
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Wandoan coal liquefaction-residues act as effective hydrogen donors in the stabilization of arylmethyl radicals, hydrogen transfer to unsaturated bondings and reduction of benzophenone in the temperature range of 380-450℃.
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Tadafumi ADSCHIRI, Schun'ichi TANAKA, Toshihiko ISHIGURI, Kunio A ...
Article type: Article
Pages
40-43
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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This paper describes the kinetics of thermal decomposition of coal during supercritical fluid(SCF) coal extraction at 653K and 20MPa. Effects of particle size of coal and solvent flow rate on coal conversion and liquid yield were intensively investigated. Both conversion and liquid yield increased with reducing particle size, while volatile yield was almost the same. This is due to the rapid extraction of primary products from coal particles, which inhibited its recombination or polymerization (charization). The result suggests that the time constant of charization of the primary products was around 10s and the amount of such primary products was around 15wt% under this condition. With increasing flow rate, liquid yield increased and volatile yield decreased, while conversion remained constant. This result can be explained by the secondary decomposition of primary products. The amount of species which is easy to decompose with a reaction time of 100s was around 10wt%.
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Yasuo MIKI, Yoshikazu SUGIMOTO, Shoko YAMADAYA
Article type: Article
Pages
44-47
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The reactivity of solid sulphur with pentane and pentenes were studied with and without existence of Fe_2O_3 at temperatures ranging from 250 to 350℃. Sulphur-containing compounds were produced in the reactions of solid sulphur and 1-pentene which reaction was emphasized under lower temperature ranges while pentane produced sulphur-containing compound preferably at higher temperatures. The existence of solid sulphur and/or Fe_2O_3 promoted polymerize reaction of 1-pentene.
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Hiroshi NAGAISHI, Masahide SASAKI, Takeshi KOTANIGAWA, Yosuke MAEKAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
48-51
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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For evaluation of retrogressive reaction in coal particle during liquefaction, coals impregnated with naphthalene and swollen by pyridine were liquefied under 10MPa-N_2 at 723K for 0min using pyridine-naphthalene-tetralin mixtuer as solvent. Results showed that swollen coal yielded higher toluene-solble products and naphthalene impregnated in coal restrained formation of lower products in coal liquefaction.
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Kiyoshi Mashimo, Hiroshi Katou, Yasushiko Nakamura, Yousuke Matsuda, T ...
Article type: Article
Pages
52-55
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The catalytic effect of deashed Taiheiyo coal loaded K or Ca was investigated from the hydrogenolysis reaction under hydrogen gas phase. Additional effect of red mud catalyst to the loaded coal was also studied. K and Ca are mainly fixed by the adsorption and ion exchange in the micropore structure and on the surface of coal. K and Ca were effective for the change of component distributions. However, they did not contribute to the increase of conversions. The multiple effect appeared with adding red mud to the loaded coal, the conversions and liquid yields increased significantly.
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Katsumi HIRANO, Keiichi HAYAKAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
56-59
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Recycle experiments of coal-liquefaction and solvent-hydrogenation were carried out with a 5L batch-autoclave test unit in order to optimize the process variables. The followings are obtained; (1) Lower solvent-to-coal ratio in the feed slurry gives higher aromatic carbon fraction (fa) and higher concentration of heavy fraction in the recycle solvent. (2) Higher solvent-hydrogenation severity gives lower fa and lower concentration of heavy fraction in the recycle solvent. (3) The combination of lower solvent-to-coal ratio in the feed slurry and higher solvent-hydrogenation severity presumably control the recycle solvent properties and advance the process efficiency.
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Mutsumaro KAWABATA, Kenji KATO, Michiharu MOCHIZUKI, Kohei ENDOH, Yosh ...
Article type: Article
Pages
60-63
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Liquefaction tests were conducted on Wandoan coal, Illinois No. 6 coal and Wyoming coal at 1t/d Process Supporting Unit (PSU). And effect of liquefaction reaction conditions on the product yield was studied. As a result, the target of liquefied oil yield of NEDOL process, over 50wt% ,was achieved at the basic liquefaction reaction conditions of NEDOL process with these three coals. And the oil yield on Illinois No.6 coal was mostly increased with increasing reaction temperature compared with other coals. And the oil yield on Wandoan coal was the highest in the three coals under the basic liquefaction reaction conditions.
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Yoshinobu NOGAMI, Junji YAMAURA, Kenji INOKUCHI, Hisataka YAMAMOTO, Mu ...
Article type: Article
Pages
64-67
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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It was happened the blockades in the pipes of coal slurry line and the dead space of pump delivery, at the operation using Wyoming coal by 1t/d Process Supporting Unit (PSU). Therefore, we have been measured the viscoelasticity of coal slurries and the swelling degree of coals. As a result, we have been found that Illinois No. 6 coal slurry and Wandoan coal slurry was Newtonian flow, but Wyoming coal slurry was unstable pseud-plastic flow, at the shear rate of 1t/d PSU. We have been conjectured that this is one of the causes of the blockades.
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Yoichi KODERA, Akimitsu MATSUMURA, Koji UKEGAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
68-70
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Phenolic compounds were extracted continuously from coal liquids by methanol-mediated extraction method. The present method involving successive treatment of feed oil with methanol and water was proved to be an effective method for the separation of phenolic compound in the continuous process. Separation of those compounds from the resulting extracts was successfully performed by evaporation of methanol under reduced pressure.
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Motoharu YASUMURO, Toru IDA, Tatsuo HIRANO, Osamu OKUMA, Tetsuo MATSUM ...
Article type: Article
Pages
71-74
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Brown Coal Liquefaction (BCL) process is a two stage Liquefaction process. In this process, bottom fractions produced in the primary hydrogenation (PH) and the secondary hydrogenation are recycled as a part of solvent to the PH section in order to increase oil yield and to improve the reaction conditions. This paper discusses the effects of reaction temperture and pressure on the yields under the bottom recycling conditions.
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Akihiro SINDO, Motoharu YASUMURO, Tatsuo HIRANO, Osamu OKUMA, Tetsuo M ...
Article type: Article
Pages
75-78
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Scale formation on the inner wall of preheater during primary hydrogenation of Victorian brown coal is troublesome for long term and stable operation of the plant. This paper discusses the preheater scales formed during the operation of a 0.1t/d process development unit and effects of temperature and catalysts on their formation.
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Toshinori INOUE, Kaoru MASUDA, Osamu OKUMA, Eiichiro MAKINO, Tetsuo MA ...
Article type: Article
Pages
79-82
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Hydrothermal-treatment was applied to Victorian brown coal as pretreatment of liquefaction. Contents of both metal and carboxyl group in the coal were reduced effectively by this treatment. The coal particles in the water slurry were recovered by oil agglomeration using liquefaction solvent. It was found that the viscosity of the hydrothermal-treated-coal-solvent slurry was much lower than that of a usual coal-solvent slurry.
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Takao KANEKO, Tsuguo KIMURA, Yoichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
83-86
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The performance of the secondary hydrogenation catalyst(Ca-Ni-Mo/Al2O3) for the two-stage BCL process was investigated through the life-test for about 7800 hours including 50t/d pilot operations for 3400 hours. No considerable deactivation was occured during a operation from 3400 to 7800 hours. The behavior of carbonaceous deposit and ash accumulation on the used catalysts were examined in relation to the catalyst deactivation with the process time. These results indicated that Ca-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 could stand long use for a year, although the initial deactivation was resulted from the deposition of alkali metals (Na, K) and carbonaceous deposit on the catalyst.
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Takao KANEKO, Kazuharu TAZAWA, Yoichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
87-90
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Behavior of chlorine in Yallourn brown coal was investigated under reaction conditions during coal liquefaction with relation to the formation of NaCl, which is one of the compositions in preheater-scales. Although the 90% of chlorine (640ppm) in Yallourn coal was insoluble in water, it was found that most of the water-insoluble chlorine changed to be soluble in water during coal liquefaction at 350℃ for 10min. with iron catalyst. It seemed that NaCl was formed by the reaction from chlorine and sodium in Yallourn coal at the initial stage in liquefaction.
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Jun IMAI, Takao KANEKO, Kenji IKARI, Yoichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
91-94
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Deposition of NaCl on reactor wall has been investigated by using a stainless-steel test-piece with 1-Chloronaphthalene and Na_2CO_3 as model compounds. The results showed that deposition of NaCl increased with increasing the amount of sulfur added in reaction mixture. When pyrite was used as the catalyst, the amount of NaCl deposition was much lower than that of iron oxide with sulfur.
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Toshio MASUNAGA, Yasuyuki YAMAUCHI, Yoichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
95-98
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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In order to investigate the behavior of coal liquefaction in pilot plant preheater and reactors, the preheater and reactor samples were analyzed. Carboxyl group content, carbonyl group content and hydroxyl group content of THE insoluble matter in both the preheater and reactor samples were measured, in order to investigate the changes of oxygen functional groups in brown coal which were rapidly decomposed in the initial stage of brown coal liquefaction. In the preheater 70-90% of the carboxyl group, 70-80% of the carbonyl group, 60-75% of the combined hydroxyl group and ether group in the brown coal converted to THF soluble matter.
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Toshio MASUNAGA, Yasuyuki YAMAUCHI, Yoichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
99-102
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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To further the understanding of coal liquefaction in pilot plant preheater, rapid heating autoclave experiments were carried out. Primary hydrogenation solvent, secondary hydrogenation solvent, CLB and HDAO, all of which were produced in the pilot plant, were used as raw material. During the heat up period (from the start of reaction until 430℃ is reached), 55-65% of coal converted to THF soluble matter, and ca. 10% of carbon dioxide gas and ca. 4% of water were produced. When the solvent which had more transferable hydrogen was used, hydrogen consumption decreased as reaction temperature increased.
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Mitsumasa HIJIRIYAMA, Toshio Masunaga, Yoichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
103-106
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The two primary hydrogenation solvents produced under different primary hydrogenation conditions were separated into acidic, basic, neutral polar and non-polar fractions. Each fraction of their solvents was examined with relation to the effect on oil yield. The acidic fraction found to decrease the oil yield because indanol and naphthol compounds containing acidic fraction seemed to be combined with produced CLB during the liquefaction. The non-polar fraction also was caused to effect the oil yield. The CLB yield could be estimated using RT_<50> (the retention time when 50% solvent is eluted by gas chromatography) and 0/C (atomic ratio) of solvent.
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Osamu Yamada, Hajime Yasuda, Mitsuo Kobayashi, Mitsunori Makino, Mamor ...
Article type: Article
Pages
107-110
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Oxidation of Miike coal was carried out using <18>^O_2 in a closed system. Transient desorption and adsorption of CO and CO_2 were observed by mass spectrometry when oxygen was supplied. Reaction of CO_2 with the surface of coal was directly measured by diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectrometer equipped with controlled environment chamber. IR absorbance peaks around 1640cm^<-1>, attributed to C=O stretching band, were observed when dried coal surface was exposed to CO_2 atmosphere at 60 to 150℃ indicating interaction between CO_2 and surface of coal.
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Kenji MURAKAMI, Jun-ichi OZAKI, Yoshiyuki NISHIYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
111-114
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Cation exchange was performed for Victorian brown coals of which the amounts of the surface functional groups were reduced by heat-treatment. The relation between the cation uptake and the HTT was categorized into four types. This seemed to depend on the pH of the solution and/or the NH_3 or EtOH additives due to the change in the accessibility of cations to coal surface. The pyrolytic behavior was also examined for exchanged coals.
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Kenji Kato, Hiromi Yamashita, Takashi Kyotani, Akira Tomita, L.R. Rada ...
Article type: Article
Pages
115-117
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Gasification behavior of Ca-loaded char in mixture of CO_2 and H_2 was investigated with thermogravimetry. The chemical form of Cacompound on char surface under reaction conditions was determined with high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). Furthermore the effect of H_2 on the formation of surface oxygen complexes during gasification was analyzed with transient kinetics. From these results, the mechanism of H_2 inhibition on CO_2 gasification of Ca-loaded char was discussed.
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T. Takarada, S. Kaneta, Y. Hashimoto, N. Nakagawa, K. Kato
Article type: Article
Pages
118-121
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Gasification of coals ranging from brown coal to anthracite was carried out in SO_2 atmosphere using thermo-balance. The reaction profile was strongly depended on the coal type. High reactivity was observed for low rank coals. The treatment of coal with hydrochloric acid reduced the gasification rate. The gasification rate was enormously enhanced by the addition of alkaline metal catalyst.
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Shigeyuki Uemiya, Hiroyuki Yoshitake, Tadashi Kimura, Toshinori Kojima
Article type: Article
Pages
122-125
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The local compositions of gases of a jetting fluidized bed coal gasifier were experimentally measured. A numerical model for considering local behavior of gases and solids was developed to apply to prediction of the local gas compositions. The numerical results were compared with the experimental ones. The effects of static bed height on local progress of reactions were discussed. It was confirmed that combustion mainly occurred in the grid zone while steam and CO_2 gasifications mainly occurred in the bubbling zone.
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Ken-ichi ITO, Takashi KYOTANI, Akira TOMITA, L.R. Radovic
Article type: Article
Pages
126-129
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A new modeling method is proposed as an approach to the simulation of carbon gasification. This method can simulate carbon gasification by removing edge carbon atoms of carbon crystallite model according to given reaction probability. As a result of simulation, gasification reactivity was found to be essentially independent of crystallite shape, but depend on crystallite size. Good agreement was obtained between model predictions and experimental data for several kinds of carbons.
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Kazuyoshi ICHIKAWA, Sabro HARA, Masami ASHIZAWA, Jun INUMARU
Article type: Article
Pages
130-133
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The exprimental study using a 2T/D air-blown pressurized two-stage entrained flow gasifier was initiated in 1983. Various tests have been conducted for 20 bituminous coals. The summed up gasification time is about 2000 hours (September in 1992). As a result the gasification process and the basic operational technologies of the gasifier have been established. This report presents the gasification performance and the operation range of gasifier affected by properties of coal.
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Saburo HARA, Masami ASHIZAWA, Kazuyoshi ICHIKAWA, Jun INUMARU
Article type: Article
Pages
134-137
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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In the air-blown pressurized two-stage entrained flow coal gasifier, the product char is recycled for higher gasifying efficiency. In order to commercialized this gasifier, it is important to develop the new type of char feed system which is more compact and has higher reliability. This report presents the out line of injector type char feed system and the results of test run. As the result of test run, it was confirmed that the injector type char feed system was applicable to this type of gasifier. And the prospect of achieving higher char recycle efficiency was obtained.
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Yasumasa YAMASHITA, Atsushi INABA, Hiroyuki KAWASHIMA, Ikuo SAITO
Article type: Article
Pages
138-141
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The thermal degradation mechanisms of Akabira and Miike coals were studied in atmospheres of nitrogen by thermogravimetry of two different heating rates (3℃ or 100℃/min) and properties of produced char were measured by ultimate analysis and IR. Amounts of THF solubles of produced char and their molecular distributions were also measured. When coal was degradated by 100℃/min of heating rate the structures of THF solubles produced by thermal degradation were similar to feed coal and they were maintained in produced char. Experimental results by 3℃/min of heating rate show however that THF solubles were decomposed more to gas and tar and also produced high condensed carbon materials.
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Mikio MIYAKE, Hiroshi YOSHIDA, Eiji KAWAKAMI, Masakatsu NOMURA, Maki H ...
Article type: Article
Pages
142-145
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Electric field (〜5000V/cm) was applied to mesosherules (10μm) containing pitches at 300℃. In the case of a pitch prepared from a Wandoan coal liquid, mesospherules moved to an anode without coalescence. On the other hand, mesospherules transported to a cathode and domein texture was obseved for a pitch from a hydrogenated coal. The lamellae of both the mesospherules aligned parallel to the direction of an electric field.
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Tohru KAMO, Yoshitaka YAMAMOTO, Keiji MIKI, Yoshiki SATO
Article type: Article
Pages
146-149
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Flash hydropyrolysis of finely pulverized swollen coal was investigated at 500℃, 764℃ and 920℃ under 0.1MPa and 5MPa of hydrogen by using Curie-point pyrolyser. The average diameters of fine coal were 4.4μm (S-1) and 8.0μm (S-2). The conversion of swollen fine coal was higher than that of swollen conventional 100 mesh coal. The effect of swelling was significant for fine coal under high pressure of hydrogen.
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Kouichi MIURA, Kazuhiro MAE, Hideyuki WAKIYASU, Kenji HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Pages
150-153
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A method was presented for estimating strength distribution of non-covalent bondings in coal. This method utilizes the measurement of continuous changes in mass, enthalpy, and volume during the swelling of coal by a solvent vapor and during the subsequent thermal desorption of the solvent. The strength distribution estimated for the Taiheiyo coal showed that the dissociation energy of non-covalent bondings ranges from 7 to 55kJ/mol.
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Kazuhiro MAE, Kouichi MIURA, Hideyuki WAKIYASU, Kenji HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Pages
154-157
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Flash pyrolysis of the coal swollen by polar solvent vapors was proposed for controlling the primary reaction. The polar solvent molecules combined strongly with the non-covalent bonding sites in coal suppressed the cross-linking formation reaction during the pyrolysis at temperatures as low as 400 to 500℃, which increased the conversion and the tar yield by 56% and 28%, respectively, for a brown coal.
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Kouichi MIURA, Kazuhiro MAE, Hideyuki WAKIYASU, Kenji HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Pages
158-161
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A novel coal flash pyrolysis method was presented in which the suppression of cross-linking formation reactions as well as the enhancement of hydrogen transfer was realized through the swelling of coal by a binary solvent. This method realized a dramatic increase in the conversion and the tar yield up to 64% and 43%, respectively, for a brown coal. Furthermore, the flash pyrolysis of coalmethanol slurry was proposed as a practical process.
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Takayuki YANAGIDA, Toshimasa TAKANOHASHI, Kenji ASAMI, Yasuo OHTSUKA, ...
Article type: Article
Pages
162-165
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The extracts and residues obtained from the extraction of bituminous coals with CS_2-N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mixed solvents at room temperature were pyrolyzed under H_2 atmosphere at 750℃. The pyrolysis behaviors for extracts and residues from Illinois No. 6 coal were not influenced by the solvent extraction. With Lower Kittanning coal, the extract with a lower extraction yield was pyrolyzed to a larger extent at a slow heating rate (5℃/min), and the pyrolysis product distribution of the residues was somewhat changed with the solvent extraction.
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Kenji ASAMI, Hiroshi MORI, Takashi WATANABE, Yasuo OHTSUKA
Article type: Article
Pages
166-169
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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Pyrolysis of Loy Yang coal with Cl-free iron catalysts from FeCl_3 is carried out using a fluidized bed reactor. In an inert atmosphere at 900℃, 60wt% of coal nitrogen is converted into non-pollutant N_2 gas, and the residual nitrogen in char is drastically reduced.
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Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Tsutomu Kawakami, Tomohiro Taniguchi, Katsuki Kusa ...
Article type: Article
Pages
170-173
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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Changes in the molecular structure of tar are investigated in a fluidized-bed reactor divided into two regions: a dense bed for the primary reaction and a freeboard for the secondary reaction in gas phase. The temperature in the dense bed is kept at 600℃, and that in the freeboard is varied in the range of 600-900℃. The flash pyrolysis tar from Wandoan coal is separated by elution chromatography into aliphatics, aromatics, phenolic ethers, nitrogen-containing compounds and hydroxylic compounds. The aromatics are fractionated by HPLC on the basis of the size of aromatic ring. Each aromatic homologue is characterized by GC and FIMS analysis to determine molar yield and number-based distribution of aliphatic carbons per molecule. The secondary reaction of the tar in the presence of n-octane vapor is also studied to evaluate the role of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the reaction.
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Tsuguo Kimura, Takeshi Nishimura, Shinji Kaneko
Article type: Article
Pages
174-177
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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A Mo/Al_2O_3 catalyst used over 2500h in hydrotreating a light-middle distillate derived from brown coal was analysed using a X-ray photoelectron spectrometer with Ar ion bombardmennt, and also was burnt off the coke deposits to evaluate the catalytic activities. It was revealed that the deactivated catalyst could be regenerated by burning the carbonacious materials.
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Hironori Itoh, Nobuhiko Takei, Masataka Makabe, Norihiko Yoneda
Article type: Article
Pages
178-181
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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The hydrogenolysis reaction of benzyl phenyl ether was discussed with the binary solvent prepared from naphthalene, tetralin and decalin in the presence of the synthetic pyrite as catalyst under 3MPa of the initial hydrogen pressure at 450℃ for 15min. In the cases of the reactions with the solvent containing naphthalene or tetralin, the higher aromaticity of the solvent, the higher yield of phenol and the lower yield of the condensed products consisted of the decomposed products such as benzylphenol and dibenzylphenol were obtained. However, the condensed products produced from benzyl radical and naphthalene or tetralin increased with increasing concentration of naphthalene or tetralin.
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Naoki IKENAGA, Sadayoshi SAEKI, Yasuhiro WATANABE, Toshimitsu SUZUKI
Article type: Article
Pages
182-185
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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Quantitative hydrogen transfer process was discussed using several coal model compounds in tetralin as a hydrogen-donor solvent using highly dispersed catalyst involving iron, molybdenum and ruthenium. The amount of hydrogen required for stabilizing thermally produced organic free radicals from the model compound is well correlated to the amount of naphthalene formed from tetralin in the absence of a catalyst. On the other hand, in the presence of an active catalyst the amount of naphthalene produced decreased, and correspondingly the amount of gaseous hydrogen absorbed increased.
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Keisuke OHNISHI, Naoki IKENAGA, Chikao YOKOKAWA, Toshimitsu SUZUKI
Article type: Article
Pages
186-189
Published: November 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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Viscosity changes of coal slurry (1-methylnaphthalene as a solvent) during the catalytic hydroliquefaction were studied. A remarkable increase in the viscosity of slurry at 540K was observed for Pittston (highly coking coal), irrespective of the type of catalyst employed. Increases in the viscosity at 610K were observed for weakly coking Illinois No.6 coal, in the presence of an iron or a molybdenum catalyst. Increases in the viscosity for Pittston coal is considered to be associated with swelling behavior of the coal. However, those observed for Illinois No. 6 coal are considered to be related to coal degradation process.
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