Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science
Online ISSN : 2423-8309
Print ISSN : 2423-8295
ISSN-L : 2423-8295
第46回石炭科学会議
Displaying 1-50 of 83 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    Pages Cover1-
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    Pages App1-
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Index
    Pages Toc1-
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • Yoshihiro SAMESHIMA
    Article type: Article
    Pages ii-iii
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • Toshihiro ARAMAKI, Isao MOCHIDA
    Article type: Article
    Pages iv-xv
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • Shintaro Watanabe
    Article type: Article
    Pages xvi-xxv
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    Pages xxvi-xxxii
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    Pages App2-
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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  • Harue KAWAI, Hiroyuki HASEGAWA, Tsunenori NAKAJIMA, Hirokazu TAKANASIH ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 2-3
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Two lignites and two sub-bituminous coals were treated by hot water extraction(HWE) and hydrothermal treatment(HTT), and the simulated effluents were obtained. The acute toxicity of these effluents was examined by use of three freshwater organisms(D. magna, O. latipes, and P. subcapitata). The effluent from HWE shows no toxicity. However, the effluent from HTT gave an obvious toxicity, and the degree of toxicities was increased as the elevation of HTT temperature. The toxicity of 350℃-HTT effluent was comparable to those for phenols when the three freshwater organisms were tested. Also, the degree of toxicity was discussed in terms of the molecular weight and chemical structures of organic component present in the effluent.
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  • Nozomu SONOYAMA, Kazunari NOBUTA, Tokuji KIMURA, Sou HOSOKAI, Jun-ichi ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 4-5
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    We carried out catalytic cracking of pyrolytic oil derived from Loy Yang coal with an iron oxide catalyst bearing Zr and Al in a steam atmosphere. Although the pyrolytic oil contained 12.8% on an oil carbon basis of the chemicals that were monocyclic hydrocarbons, phenols and ketones, the total yield of the chemicals by the cracking with the catalyst was more than 25% on an oil carbon basis. The yield of product gas was less than 5.0% on an oil carbon basis. Also, the cracking was effective in decomposing the initial heavy tar. We indicated that the catalyst had a possibility of the production of oxygenated compounds from Loy Yang coal tar via not gasification but the cracking.
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  • Takemitsu KIKUCHI, Yasuo OHTSUKA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 6-7
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Temperature-programmed pyrolysis of low rank coals physically mixed with goethite-rich limonite ore has been studied with a fixed bed quartz reactor for the purpose of developing a novel co-processing method of the removal of coal-bound nitrogen and the reduction of goethite. The limonite at 5-30 mass% loading promotes the formation of N_2 from brown coal at 900℃ and the consequent nitrogen removal, though the effect levels off beyond 10 mass% and thus seems to be limited. The XRD measurements after pyrolysis show that goethite can readily be reduced α-Fe, irrespective of limonite loading, and part α-Fe reacts with a small amount of carbon to form a solid solution. This method may have the potential for the simultaneous production of low nitrogen chars and reduced iron materials by utilizing low-valued coals and limonite ores.
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  • Qingyue WANG, Nobuaki KASHIWAGI, Pataru APARU, Tofuthi TARIPU, Kazuo S ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 8-9
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    In this study, a vegetable oil agglomeration was performed for coal recovery form Chinese waste fine coal. The effects of the parameters including particle sizes, agitation time and agitation rate were investigated based on the combustible matter recovery, ash reduction and efficiency index. It was concluded that particle sizes of waste coal, agitation rate and agitation time will influence on the recovery efficiency of combustible matter from its original waste coal by colza oil agglomeration.
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  • Atsushi ISHIHARA, Hitoshi AOKI, Tadanori HASHIMOTO, Hiroyuki NASU
    Article type: Article
    Pages 10-11
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Novel carbon-supported Ni catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method using PEG and aluminium tri-s-butoxide (ASB). When the amount of PEG added increased and the amount of ASB decreased, the catalytic activity increased. 16N63C21A exhibited the higher activity than the other catalysts.
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  • Makoto Kawase, Maromu Ohtaka
    Article type: Article
    Pages 12-13
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Hot syngas cleaning of biomass gasification using molten carbonate is suggested for high temperature fuel cell (MCFC, SOFC). The molten carbonate is absorbent of desulfurization and dechlorination, and catalyst of tar cracking. Thus, this gas cleaning system consists of a few stages which are molten carbonate reactor and particulate filter. The operating temperature of molten carbonate reactor is 700-1000℃, and is kept by the heat of gasification gas, etc. In this study, the removal of H_2S and the decomposition of tar using molten carbonate were performed in the bench scale test stand. The performances of gas cleaning were confirmed by using the molten carbonate fuel cell.
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  • Masahiro MATSUOKA, Yasuhiko NINAGAWA, Hiroshi YATABE, Masahiro KAWAMOT ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 14-15
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The research and development have been performed to study the non-catalytic reforming technology of crude coke oven gas (COG) using heat of that gas and injection of oxygen since fiscal 2006. This report shows the test results that were performed using crude COG generated from operating three coke ovens in 2009. As the result, the optimum reforming condition was specified and performance target value of the gas amplification ratio over 2.0 and the optimum gas composition of material gases for methanol production were successfully obtained.
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  • Tetsuo AIDA, Hiroki Yamamoto, Morihumi Gotoh
    Article type: Article
    Pages 16-17
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    It has been developed a reliable methodology to be able to elucidate such thermal behaviors as a plasticity, and carbonization of coal based on the electric property. In particular, the temperature dependency of electric conductivity observed in the heating range from 400℃ to 700℃ was satisfactory demonstrated a leaner relationship on the Arrhenius's equation suggesting that it could provide the kinetic parameters such as activation energy which are able to elucidate the mechanism of the electric conductivity induced in the macromolecular network structure of coal during a pyrolysis.
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  • Nobuyuki Komatsu, Noriyuki Okuyama, Maki Hamaguchi
    Article type: Article
    Pages 18-19
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The ash free coal (Hyper-coal) and the by-product of the process (residue coal) were evaluated for the reduction materials of the nonferrous metal. The hard, dense lump carbonized product from Hyper-coal had high reactivity for silicon metal production and it was suggested that this material could be used for the production of high purity silicon metal. The residue coal from Hyper-coal process also had a high reactivity for reductant in the synthetic rutile production from ilmenite resources and it demonstrated the possibility to increase production rate and product quality from the existing synthetic rutile plants.
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  • Kiyoshi FUKADA, Izumi SHIMOYAMA, Tetsuya YAMAMOTO, Yusuke DOHI
    Article type: Article
    Pages 20-21
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    It is necessary for the development of high strength coke production technology to make clear the physical properties of coal during plastic phase that governs coke micro and macro structure. So, rheological properties of coal under thermoplastic condition were investigated. Firstly, the viscosity of coking coal under different shear rate was measured by using a modified rotating viscometer we developed. And then experimental results were analyzed based on Non-Newtonian models (Herschel-Bulkley model and Casson model) and different rheological behavior was observed before and after minimum viscosity temperature.
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  • Kenta UEOKA, Koji KOYANO, Toshimasa TAKANOHASHI, Kiyoshi FUKADA, Kohei ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 22-23
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Two coal extract fractions (pyridine-soluble (PS) and -insoluble (PI) fractions) were blended with other coals, and their-effectiveness on coke strength was evaluated by means of temperature-variable dynamic viscoelastic measurement and indirect tensile test. Since PS fraction has a high thermoplasticity, its addition to coal blends greatly increased the strength of cokes. While, in the case of PI fraction addition, the strength of cokes was decreased a little. The reason for decrease may be decline of thermoplasticity due to the PI addition, since its thermoplasticity is significantly low.
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  • Ryuichi ASHIDA, Masato MORIMOTO, Yoshihiro MAKINO, Monthicha Pattarapa ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 24-25
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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    Japanese steel industries, which are importing all coal resources required, are facing the necessity of increasing usable coal resources. They are to increase the kinds and amounts of usable coal and to develop the technologies for upgrading low rank coals such as subbituminous coal and brown coal as substitutes. In this work we have developed methods for upgrading brown coal. The methods involve the fractionation of brown coal using sequential thermal solvent extraction, dewatering and upgrading of brown coal using hydrothermal treatment, and co-pyrolysis of upgraded brown coal and plastic derived wax. It is shown that these methods enable to produce binders for cokemaking and substitute of slightly/noncaking coal.
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  • Noriyuki OKUYAMA, Takahiro SHISHIDO, Koji SAKAI, Maki HAMAGUCHI, Nobuy ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 26-27
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    A coal extract, produced by thermal extraction and solvent de-ashing in 2-ring aromatic solvent, has an excellent thermoplasticity even though the parent coal appears no thermoplasticity. We named it "HPC, High Performance Caking additive", and have been developing to utilize as an thermoplasticity accelerator to make strong coke for blast furnace. This study concerns with the effect of HPC addition to improve the thermoplasticity of coal blends. Significant improvement in the thermoplasticity of coal blend was observed by HPC addition especially with high blending ratio of slightly coking coal. Coal blends were also thermally extracted in 2-ring aromatic solvent to investigate the quantitative relation with the amount of the extract. The amount of extract, which could be regarded as the thermoplastic-component, was increased with increase in HPC addition, and became more than the arithmetic mean of each coal's extraction yield, therefore, something interaction might be occurred by HPC addition.
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  • Xian LI, Takuya YOSHINOYA, Ryuichi ASHIDA, Kouichi MIURA, Woon-Jae LEE ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 28-29
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The commonly-used coal analyses, e.g. ultimate and proximate analyses, have no clear correlation with conventional characteristic parameters of coking coal, e.g. maximum fluidity (MF) and total dilatation (TD), especially for low grade coals. In this work, eleven slightly and strongly coking coal were separated into three different molecular weight size fractions without decomposing coal by 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) extraction at 350℃. With the assistance of detailed analyses, ultimate analysis, TGA, TMA, and molecular weight distribution (MWD) measurement for the parent coal and the fractions, the possibility of the solvent extraction as a new characterizing method of coking coal was examined. The results showed that the yields of the fractions were significantly different among the coals, but the properties of each fraction were almost independent of the coal types. And the correlation between fraction yield and characteristic parameters of coking coal do exist.
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  • Yukihiro KUBOTA, Seiji NOMURA, Takashi ARIMA, Kenji KATO
    Article type: Article
    Pages 30-31
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Coke strength is mainly determined by defects in coke. In order to improve coke strength, control of formation of defects during carbonization is important. When dilatation of blended coal is low, connected pore derived from large particle of high dilatation coal is major defect determining coke strength. On the other hand, when dilatation of blended coal is high, crack around large inertinite texture is major defect. It is clarified that coke strength can be improved by selective crushing of the coal that becomes the cause of major defects in coke.
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  • Kazuya UEBO, Shigeto MIYASHITA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 32-33
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Coal inherent factors except for the moisture and particle size which affects coal bulk density were investigated by using sieved coal particle. Circularity of particle is wide ranged among coals, and bulk density becomes larger in higher circularity coal. Packing property of coal also seemed to be affected by porosity of coal.
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  • Takashi ARIMA, Kenji KATO
    Article type: Article
    Pages 34-35
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    A simulation model for coke size degradation was proposed and the size degradation behavior of conventional and formed cokes, some of which had been partially reacted with CO_2 gas, was investigated. Formed cokes had higher post reaction strength indices than conventional cokes, though their reaction rates with CO_2 gas were high.
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  • Shinichi KARINO, Eri KAWAGUCHI, Syohei MIYAUCHI, Motoyuki SUGANO, Yusu ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 36-37
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The decrease of caking property of blended coal (caking coal plus non-or slightly-caking coal) is a problem because the oxygen-containing functional groups in non- or slightly-caking coal catch hydrogen in caking coal. Therefore, the authors carried out hydrogenation of coal tar pitch (CP) and discussed the additive effects of the hydrogenated CP on fluidity of non- or slightly-caking coal. In this study, hydrogenation of fluoranthene (FL) was carried out at lower temperature and the additive effects of the hydrogenated FL on fluidity of several kinds of coals were estimated from the amount of transferable hydrogen in the hydrogenated FL.
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  • Koyo Norinaga, Jun-ichiro HAYASHI, Masahiro MATSUOKA, Hiroshi YATABE
    Article type: Article
    Pages 38-39
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    A reforming technology of crude coke oven gas (COG) by non-catalytic partial oxidation has been developed. The test results were accumulated by operating the 1/10 scaled pilot equipments installed on the platform of the operating coke oven furnaces. The optimum operating condition of the reformer was specified by the exhaustive test runs. It was achieved to obtain gas amplification ratio over 2.0, the carbon conversion over 95% and the optimum product gas composition for methanol synthesis. Numerical simulations with a detailed chemical kinetic model were also carried out for better understanding of the chemistry and kinetics of the COG reforming.
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  • Yoshikuni Ogata, Kazuhide Doi, Toshihiko Noguchi, Hideki Fujikawa, Mas ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 40-41
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The Oita No. 5 coke oven battery is the first commercial coke plant to adopt the R & D results of SCOPE21 (S__-uper C__-oke O__-ven for P__-roductivity and E__-nvironmental Enhancement toward the 21__-^<st> Century). SCOPE21 process was developed as a national project from 1994 to 2003. The Oita No. 5 coke oven battery was constructed from 2006 to 2008, and the operation of the new coke plant started on February 1^<st>, 2008. This plant has been operated vey smoothly with high productivity and high non- or slightly-caking coal ratio.
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  • Koji KOYANO, Kenta UEOKA, Toshimasa TAKANOHASHI, Kiyoshi FUKADA, Kohei ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 42-43
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Nine hydrocarbons were blended with coals, and their effectiveness on coke strength was evaluated by several methods such as indirect tensile test and temperature-variable dynamic viscoelastic measurement. Peri-type polyaromatics enhanced the coke strength, and a good relationship between the coke strength and their boiling point was seen. On the other hand, cata-type polyaromatic and paraffin showed poor effect. The properties of additives to enhance the coke strength can be not only high fluidity but also high affinity to coal molecules.
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  • Takiko SERIZAWA, Kotaro OHGA, Haruo KUMAGAI
    Article type: Article
    Pages 44-45
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Swelling behaviour of coal with CO_2 has been investigated. The expansion of coal matrix was observed with a digital microscope equiped high pressure cell. Pulse ^1H-NMR spectroscopy was used with the aim to evaluate the change in macromolecular structure of coal. The expansion ratio of coal increases with increase in CO_2 pressure. The signal of coal sample is deconvoluted into two components, that is, relatively slowly decaying component, L1 and rapidly decaying component, G. In a similar manner as the expantion ratio, the fractional intensity and the T_2 value for L1 component increases in proportional to the CO2 pressure. The results indicate that the expantion of coal matrix might be caused by swelling of coal molecules with CO_2.
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  • Shinya SATO, Toshimasa TAKANOHASHI
    Article type: Article
    Pages 46-47
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Novel methods were contrived to determine carboxyl and carbonyl groups in heavy oil using IR spectrometry, and to introduce them into an average model molecule of heavy oil. Using the method, the number of carboxyl/carbonyl groups per model unit can be estimated.
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  • Toshihiro Aramaki, Song-Ho Yoon, Isao Mochida, Shigeru Ueda, Kiyofumi ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 48-49
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Morphological and its morphology change of inert maceral in a Chinese coal were studied during its thermal hydrogenation treatment around 673K under hydrogen pressure of 5MPa. Chemical digestion as well as physical agitation during the treatment are expected to reduce the size of inert component in the resultant additive according to the morphology of the inert maceral in the raw coal. The additive thus prepared was added to the coking of raw rank coal. It is also concerned how the inert maceral in the additive and feed coals behave during the coking.
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  • Akihiro HOSHINO, Toru YAMASHITA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 50-51
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Pulverization behavior was investigated for the blend of subbituminous and bituminous coal by using hammer type pulverizer with rotary classifier. The aim of this study is to predict the pulverization behavior such as the size distribution of pulverized coal at mill outlet and the mill grinding power from coal analysis data. With increasing the blending ratio of subbituminous coal, the size distribution of pulverized coal at mill outlet and the mill grinding power became larger. It is considered that the grindability of blended coal is able to be predicted with weighted average on the individual grindability and the blending ratio of subbituminous and bituminous coal.
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  • Fumiya KOSAKA, Nobusuke KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro TANABE, Yoshinori ITAYA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 52-53
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    This study is to evaluate the radiation properties of coal char and ash particles. Char in coal-firing and gasification processes exists as heterogeneous composite particle particles consisting of nano-order fine particle made of mainly soot and micron-order particle of carbon and ash component. The effect of carbon content in char particle on extinction efficiency of the particle cloud could be measured reasonably by a pretreatment of the original char classifying the particle size with a wet method. Extinction efficiency could be correlated by a simple function of carbon content using the properties of carbon-free ash and carbon without ash components treated by hydrofluoric acid.
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  • Makoto Kawase, Masahiko Morinaga
    Article type: Article
    Pages 54-55
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    In coal fired power plant, the concentration of H_2S becomes higher in the burner area that is the strong reducing atmosphere. Therefore, the boiler tubes are damaged due to the sulfide corrosion. The damaged tube should be repaired by buildup welding or thermal spraying. If the damage by sulfide corrosion is large, the boiler tubes need to be replaced. Thus, these repairs cost becomes large. To deal with this problem, we have developed an economical and straight forward technique of coating for preventing sulfide corrosion since 2004. We succeeded in development of compound film (SiO_2/TiO_2/C/TiO_2) that have superior corrosion resistant to 10% or less.
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  • Hiroaki WATANABE, Kenji TANNO, Ryoichi KUROSE, Hisao MAKINO
    Article type: Article
    Pages 56-57
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Large-eddy simulation (LES) is applied to a pulverized coal combustion field in a combustion test furnace with a practical advanced low NO_x burner called CI-α, and its validity is investigated by comparing with the experiment. The motion of coal particles is calculated by the Lagrangian method with a parcel model. In the coal combustion modeling, three chemical processes are considered, namely devolatilization, char combustion and gaseous combustion. The direct closure SSFRRM (scale similarity filtered reaction rate model) is used as a turbulent combustion model. The results show that a swirling recirculation flow is formed in the central region close to the burner and its size and strength dynamically change with time. The predicted distributions of gaseous temperature and oxygen concentration are in general agreement with the experiment.
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  • Naoto Tsubouchi, Naoyuki Iwabuchi, Yuuki Akama, Yasuo Ohtsuka
    Article type: Article
    Pages 58-59
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The evolution of HF during temperature-programmed pyrolysis of 3 sub-bituminous coals and subsequent char combustion has been examined with a fixed-bed quartz reactor. A slight amount of HF is formed in the pyrolysis up to 1000℃ and thus HF yield is only <1% in every case, whereas the retention of F in char is 65-85%. Most of the F is retained even when 10-16% of the pyrolyzed chars are gasified with H_2O at 1000℃. On the other hand, HF formation from the chars during combustion at 1000℃ proceeds considerably at high burn-off of >95% after the apparently complete release of CO_2. The F 1s XPS spectra after HF yields of 40-50% reveal the existence of C-F forms, and the proportion is estimated to be as high as 97-99mol%.
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  • Mamoru KAIHO, Hajime YASUDA, Osamu YAMADA, Shuntarou KOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 60-61
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    AIST has established the method to derive the reaction formula from the result of ultimate analysis of coal and composition of gas produced. The gasification temperature seems to be estimated based on the heat of reaction, which is calculated from heat balance of the formula obtained, and heat capacity of gas in the reactor. We estimated the gasification temperature of HYCOL process and discussed the relationship between gasification condition and heat loss of its reactor.
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  • Yasushi SEKINE, Hiroshi KOYAMA, Masahiko MATSUKATA, Eiichi KIKUCHI
    Article type: Article
    Pages 62-63
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Low temperature catalytic oxidation of solid carbon was conducted in a fluidized bed reactor with/without a non-equilibrium discharge. Solid carbons like as soot, PM, and char cause many operational problems and have lower reactivity. We tried to oxidize such carbon particles to carbon oxide and/or carbon dioxide by lattice oxygen in/on the oxide catalysts at lower temperature. To maintain high contact frequency between the catalyst and carbon particles, we applied a fluidized-bed reaction apparatus for this reaction. As a result, we found that carbon particles are oxidized at 673K by the lattice oxygen in/on the catalyst. Among various oxide catalysts, Fe/CeO_2 and some other catalysts showed higher activity for the oxidation of carbon particles.
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  • Young-Kwang Kim, LiFang Hao, Jin Miyawaki, Isao Mochida, Seong-Ho Yoon
    Article type: Article
    Pages 64-65
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    We studied catalytic activity of alkali metal carbonate (K_2CO_3) supported perovskite type oxide for carbonaceous materials having distinguished pore size. Alkali metal salts are believed to be active through the reduction to the metallic state, staying on the carbon surface or migration from one carbon particle to another. In case of catalyst supported perovskite type oxide, three catalytic reaction steps appeared for microporous carbon combustion around 473-723K, at much lower than melting temperature of K_2CO_3. Results were discussed from the view point of the reductive activation of the alkali metal carbonate, sublimation, trapping and escape of the active species on the support in the catalytic combustion.
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  • Dahlia Diniyati, Takayuki Takarada, Kayoko Morishita, Masakazu Utano
    Article type: Article
    Pages 66-67
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The catalytic activity of coal chars derived from four Indonesian coals were examined in a fixed bed reactor at 800℃. The coal chars promoted the WGS reaction and each char showed different catalytic activities. The highest CO conversion was obtained from the WGS reaction over the char containing the high amount of Fe. The effect of BET specific surface area on the WGS reaction over the parent chars was less dominant compared with the effect of Fe content. Meanwhile, acid treated-char has catalytic activity and it has fairly good relation with their BET specific surface area. This result indicates the presence of carbon is also important for the progress of the WGS reaction.
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  • Yuu HANAOKA, Takemitsu KIKUCHI, Yasuo OHTSUKA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 68-69
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Catalytic gasification of an Indonesian low rank coal has been studied with a fixed bed quartz reactor. Ca^<2+> and Na^+ cations are separately and consecutively ion-exchanged with the coal using aqueous solutions of Ca(OH)_2 and natural soda ash to produce a 3.8% Ca/1.0% Na catalyst. The XRD measurement after pyrolysis at 700℃ reveals the absence of any Ca and Na species, suggesting the formation of nanoscale particles. The Ca/Na shows the larger effect on the steam gasification than a single 3.5% Ca or 1.6% Na catalyst prepared by the same method, and char conversion with the Ca/Na reaches almost 100% after 1h at 700℃. The use of the binary catalyst can lower reaction temperature by >100℃, compared with the un-catalyzed gasification.
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  • Atul SHARMA, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    Pages 70-71
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Effect of steam partial pressure on reaction rate and on composition of the gas produced from catalytic steam gasification of HyperCoal has been investigated. The parameters investigated were gasification temperatures 700, and 750℃, catalyst loading 50wt%, and steam partial pressure 0.5, 0.1 and 0.02atm. By changing partial pressure of steam, synthesis gas with desired H_2/CO ratio was obtained. Gasification rates were high. The results showed that synthesis gas suitable for DME, methanol and methane production by FT synthesis process can be produced in a single step at 700℃ by catalytic steam gasification process.
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  • Mohammad F. Irfan, Katsuki KUSAKABE
    Article type: Article
    Pages 72-73
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The combustion characteristics of Datong coal in the different N_2/O_2/CO_2 environments have been extensively studied by using thermo-gravimetric technique. The coal pyrolysis in CO_2 environment can be divided into three stages: moisture release, devolatilization and char gasification by CO_2 at higher temperature zone. At each temperature zone, the mass loss rate of coal pyrolysis in CO_2 environment is higher than that in N_2 environment. At different heating rates the values of the Arrhenius activation energy (E) and pre-exponentional factor (A) were estimated from the TGA data by applying different methods such as Freeman-Carroll, Doyle and Coats-Redfern. A trend of decrease of activation energy values were observed with the increase of different heating rates.
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  • Enkhsaruul BYAMBAJAV, Takemitsu KIKUCHI, Yasuo OHTSUKA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 74-75
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Steam gasification of low rank coals has been studied with a fixed bed quartz reactor. Composite Na/Fe catalysts prepared by using inexpensive natural soda ash and limonite ore are more active at 700℃ than each component, and the largest char conversion reaches 85% after 1h. The XRD measurements after reaction reveal the transformation of Fe_3O_4 and FeO into FeO and α-Fe as the amount of the soda ash co-loaded increases. The formation of the more highly-reduced Fe species may account for the higher activities of the binary catalysts.
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  • Koichi MATSUOKA, Koji KURAMOTO, Yoshizo Suzuki, Jun-ichiro HAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    Pages 76-77
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Indonesian sub-bituminous coal was gasified with steam in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) developed here. The CFB consisted of three bubbling fluidized beds, with serving as a pyrolyzer, a gasifier, and a combustor. In the CFB system, pyrolysis was terminated in the pyrolyzer and then the resultant char was gasified with steam in the gasifier, indicating that inhibition of char gasification by the volatiles formed by devolatilization can be avoided. We confirmed that carbon yield in product gas in the CFB system was enhanced by the isolation of pyrolyzer from the gasifier.
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  • Yukihiko OKUMURA, Jingwei Zhang, Eric G. Eddings, Jost O. L. Wendt
    Article type: Article
    Pages 78-79
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The pure effects of various important factors of the initial oxygen concentration and flame temperature on the NO_x formation during oxy-coal combustion are investigated from experiment and theoretical analysis. As a result, we show (1) the formation mechanism of fuel-NO_x and (2) the emission of fuel-NO_x slightly increases with the O_2 concentration, and the gasification reaction between CO_2 and char occurs more vigorously than that during combustion in air.
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  • Mitsunori MAKINO, Ryuichi ASHIDA, Kouichi MIURA
    Article type: Article
    Pages 80-81
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The char of the upgraded brown coal, which had been prepared by extracting Loy Yang brown coal with 1-methylnaphthalene, was gasified in CO_2 at pressures from 0.1 to 2.0MPa and temperatures from 1173 to 1473K using a direct-heating high pressure reactor. It was found that the reactivity of upgraded brown coal char was more than twice as high as that of original brown coal. However, other gasification properties such as effects of pressure, activation energies and the structural parameter Ψ in random pore model were similar to those of original coal char.
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  • Motoharu Yasumuro, Yoichi Takahashi, Toshiaki Okui, Masaaki Tamura, No ...
    Article type: Article
    Pages 82-83
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The upward tendency of the crude oil price will continue in future, and commercialization of the direct coal liquefaction, which is effective to obtain clean transportation fuels is expected in various countries in the world. Kobe Steel, LTD. has been proceeding R & D of direct coal liquefaction since 1981 and established the BCL (Brown Coal Liquefaction) process for lignite. In this study, sub-bituminous coal (Powder River Basin (PRB) coal) was liquefied at several conditions in accordance with BCL process, aiming to expand applicable type of coal. High distillate yield was derived from PRB coal and it was demonstrated that sub-bituminous coal could apply to the BCL process.
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  • Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Makiko Kajita, Koyo Norinaga
    Article type: Article
    Pages 84-85
    Published: November 26, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Steam gasification of chars from the pyrolysis of a Japanese bamboo and cedar was studied using a reactor that enabled experimental definition of the gas composition in the vicinity of gasifying char particles. Intraparticle diffusion of neither steam nor the product gases influenced the kinetics of gasification. The chars underwent non-catalytic gasification and catalytic one in parallel. The non-catalytic gasification, of that kinetic parameters were successfully defined by those for the gasification of the acid-washed char, was first order with respect to the amount of residual carbon over the entire range of char conversion. In consequence of this, contribution of the catalytic gasification was quantified as a function of the char conversion. Among the inherent alkali and alkaline earth metallic species, potassium (K) played the major catalytic role, and its overall activity changed via a maximum in the course of gasification, suggesting the presence of optimum sizes of clusters or particles of K catalyst. The non-catalytic and catalytic reactions obeyed respective Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms that involved inhibition by H_2.
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