ランドスケープ研究
Online ISSN : 1348-4559
Print ISSN : 1340-8984
ISSN-L : 1340-8984
69 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の101件中1~50を表示しています
  • 牧 大次郎, 鈴木 誠, 杉尾 伸太郎
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 339-342
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    French landscape architect Henri Martinet (1867-1936) is well known as the landscape designer of Shinjuku Gyoen National Gardens (1906). But there are only few historical records on the planning and design of this garden or his profile in Japan. Through the research in France, we found Martinet was a successor of Edouard Andre (1840-1911) who was the leader of French landscape architects in the late 19th century. He is also well known as the author of the famous text book on French modern landscape design LART DES JARDINS. Martinet learned from Andre and had a design style of style composite that Andre advocated in his book. Based on this evidence and through the case study of analyzing park design of Parc de Beaumont (Pau, 1896) and Parc de la Rhonelle (Valenciennes, 1901), we concluded the style of Shinjuku Gyoen National Gardens should be called composite style. And it is necessary to add Shinjuku Gyoen National Gardens to the list of the most important works of Henri Martinet.
  • 町田 香
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 343-348
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Imperial gardens in early modern times in Japan, such as Katsura Imperial Villa and Shugakuin Imperial Villa, were a product of the Kanei culture that flourished among the court, samurai, and townsmen elite.This paper explains how the salon of Emperor Gomizunoo presented the creative foundation for the Imperial gardens.
  • 若生 謙二
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 349-354
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes over time of the Ha-ha, which had considerable influence on the shape of the English style of landscape gardens, focusing particularly on the one at Stowe Garden, and from research into its role I would like to put forward some thoughts on the origins of the Ha-ha. Although Walpole credited Bridgeman for the creation of the Ha-ha, even before then they were used all over the country, originating in Levens Hall Garden. The Ha-ha that Bridgeman put in initially at Stowe garden was a stone wall or hedge but it was not an invisible barrier. However afterwards, when the then owner, Earl Temple, remodelled Stowe Garden in a Naturalistic style, he took out the part of the wall which was above ground and linked the garden with the outer park using an optical trick. This was the original role of the Ha-ha. It was not simply for continuity with the outer landscape but it was also to stop animals getting in whilst maintaining the view, and we can see the origins of the Ha-ha in the Moat surrounding the Medieval Garden and ditch and Deer Leap surrounding the Medieval Deer Park.
  • 内田 和伸
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 355-360
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    I indicated that the plan of the earthen wall with brick tiles on the Former Imperial Audience Hall of State Compound in Nara Imperial Palace was designed with three concentric circles and the eccentric circle , and this structure is similar to the astronomical chart of mural of Kitora Tomb. On this report, we can find the Chinese ancient thought that the buildings and the layout of establishment in the Palace area imitate the cosmos in the MONSEN anthology. The planners appreciate that the throne Takamikura was located at the center of the world and the throne fit on the ornament ceiling. The pair forms the turning pole Ame-no-Mihashira. On the Former Imperial Audience Hall of State Compound in Nara Imperial Palace, the number on the plan related to the calendar and the cosmos. This design show that Tennou manages the time and the cosmos in his national land same as Chinese emperor.
  • 中村 愛子, 中村 愛子
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 361-364
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this article is to illustrate how a planning concept would conserve against city growth in the Nogawa. I interviewed to the community members. And principal data were documents for analysis; newspaper articles, planning reports, and research reports. As a result, It indicated that 'Santamamondaicyousakenkyukai' was started that aimed nature conservation at Nogawa in 1972. They were the first community. The community founded a clear vision, and it was performed. And then they published a article titled "Mizube no kukan wo simin no te ni (To give citizens' hands the space of waterside)", in which they showed the conservation idea and their visions on the Nogawa. The concept of the water system; (1) 'region grasp', it was caught widely beyond the basin, (2) 'to cooperate with natural environment'. This concept was accepted by the citizens. They always use for a walk in the Nogawa, 'nature watching' 'preservation and conservation' and 'the novel about Nogawa is the emblem'. From this study, it is necessary to create the events and the visions are protecting the place.
  • 伊藤 弘
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 365-368
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research aims to clarify the factor which generated the difference in evaluation from the relation between a coast forest and an area for the Noshiro seashore erosion control forest in Akita, evaluated by the local resident, and the Shonai seashore erosion control forest in Yamagata, not evaluated by the local resident, although a scale and formation process is almost the same. As a result, in Noshiro, afforestation and management of coast forest are the parts of regional development. As the meaning of regional development has changed from Edo era to present time, the new value of coast forest has added to original value of it. In the north part of Shonai, coast forest is afforested and managed unrelated to the state of the area, and the south part of Shonai coast forest has been original value from Edo era. Thus, in both part of Shonai, the value of coast forest became unremarkable. These different values of coast forests generated the differences in evaluation.
  • 佐々木 邦博, 田井 洋子, 山村 浩美
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 369-372
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Matsushiro in Nagano city is known as the castle town where the watercourses and garden ponds realised originally in Edo era remain. Especially at the south of town, Nagano City designated 4 streets as the Traditional Environment Preservation Area. But at the east of town, it remains too the watercourses, garden ponds and water springs. And their present conditions are not known. This study aims to clear their present conditions and their characteristics in comparison with the present conditions of 4 streets of the south of town and the castle town map made at the end of 18th century. As a result, it clears the points as follows. The sources of water are only water springs, and there exist 21 springs. The distinction of watercourses which we can recognise at the Traditional Environment Preservation Area is not clear. There are a few garden watercourses which are characteristics at Matsushiro. But water springs and watercourses drawn on the map of 18th century are almost found in the present conditions. In conclusion, these water springs and watercourses, even if some garden water courses were lost, they have the historical value, and it is considered that they deserve to be preserved.
  • 田井 洋子, 佐々木 邦博
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 373-378
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Isamu NOGUCHI (1904-1988) is a Japanese-American sculptor who worked not only on an individual sculpture but on a space as a sculpture calling it a 'garden'. He developed the idea of a spatial sculpture by observing traditional Japanese gardens and adapted the thoughts and elements of Japanese gardens into his spatial design. Noguchi also sought the way to unite the spiritual side of Japanese gardens and the function of Western plazas. The purpose of this study is to clarify Noguchis attempts mentioned above through examining the process and design of gardens of Banrai-sha and Readers Digest Tokyo Branch by researching 360 related articles and documents since 1950, mainly written in Japanese. Those two gardens were Noguchis earliest garden works, carried out in 1950-51 in Japan. In Banrai-sha garden, Noguchi drew an abstract form on the ground using a method of Japanese garden called 'jimoyo'. In Readers Digest Tokyo Branch garden, Noguchi experienced to work with Japanese gardeners and learnt the skill of Japanese gardens such as the way of arranging natural stones.
  • 伊藤 美希子, 杉田 早苗, 土肥 真人
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 379-382
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper includes the analysis of gardening volunteering systems in Sydney, Australia. Questionnaires were distributed and interviews conducted on service staffs, clients and volunteers at the gardening service associations of Sydney, in carrying out this research. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. 1) Garden maintenance is a big issue for elderly people and people with a disability, as 91% of elderly people have their own house and 80.3% of Australian dwellings include a garden. 2) These elderly residents rely heavily on the gardening service provided to maintain the gardens. The services are able to convert their gardens into safe and low maintenance gardens with community volunteers. 3) The services produce a "secondary benefit" that being the opportunity for the volunteers to contribute to and participate in the community with the elderly clients and friends. Additionally, they are able to develop their own gardening skills through their service to the clients' gardens.
  • 石崎 奈美, 福井 亘, 斉藤 庸平
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 383-388
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Kobe City, Japan, the installation of open-air sculptures was started as part of the reconstruction efforts following the Second World War. This initiative has continued to the present. Initially, 'symbol roads' with sculptures to create greater cultural scenery were established as a means to enhance the city's profile. At first, only roadside spaces were considered for open-air sculptures but types of location eventually began to expand. In particular, since the early days of the project, an increasingly higher ratio of installations began to be located in parks and open spaces. However, since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, new installations have decreased in number, a downward trend that continues. This research aims to clarify the reason behind the change and to consider the relationship between open air sculptures and open spaces since the earthquake. It will also consider how the status of open air sculpture installation projects has changed in the periods of post-war recovery and post-quake reconstruction.
  • 加治 隆, 油井 正昭
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 389-394
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper reviews how the National Park Resort Villages (Kokumin kyukamura) have evolved in Developed Area of National and Quasi-national Parks zoned by their park recreational master plan. At the same time each evolving stage of their establishment and development was analyzed and evaluated.
  • 清水 裕子, 伊藤 精晤, 川崎 圭造
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 395-400
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Because Landscape management includes a variety of methods for beautifying forests, a clear definition of Landscape management is difficult. Nonetheless, this study aims to define Landscape management clearly. Therefore, we examined the development process known as " Forest aesthetics, the origin of landscape management, from its introduction in the middle of the Meiji period until the early Showa period based on related documentation. As a result, we were able to classify the development of Forest aesthetics into three categories. The first of these is Landscape management in Arashiyama, an old location whose existence predates the Meiji period. The second is the establishment and development of a study system for Forest aesthetics, while the third category is the transition to preserving forests and creating scenic forests in national parks chosen for their new outlook on scenery.
  • 藤崎 健一郎
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 401-406
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to reveal the recent history of school turf in Japan and the role of the supporters. The information of school turfs were collected and put in order. Two school turf growth periods were found. The first one is 1970's. Ministry of Education and some local governments promoted school turf. Some of those turfs remains until today. But others disappeared soon. One of the reason is that the areas of school grounds were not enough broad to hold turf on it. Another reason is that the work is too hard for teachers in charge. In the following two decades, only a few school adopted turf on the ground. In the late 1990's, the second period of growth began. Differences between the first and second period were found. Many persons began to be interested in turf. There may have been some influence from the world cup soccer games. They voluntarily began activities by individually or in groups for supporting school turf. The activities are including donation and attendance to the workshop of planting and maintenance. Nonprofit organizations for supporting school turf were founded one after another. Ministry of Education (Presently, Ministry of education, culture, sport, science and technology) and local governments have made budget to subsidize school turf in these days. The area of school ground per the number of the pupils is increasing. The technology concerned to the turf has made progress. Comparing to the first wave of the school turf in 1970s, the present condition for school turf seems to be much better.
  • 三谷 徹, 岡部 佳代子
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 407-412
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study aims to observe the spatial characteristics of Zen Buddhism gardens perceived under the minute light environment of the moon. Through the quantitative analysis by PC-simulations based on radiosity program, the following points are recognized; 1) the amount of moonlight reflection from the white sand surface in the garden is about fifteen times compared to the wet soil surface, and the building interior gains 1.9 times the brightness, 2) this intensive contrast of brightness between garden and building interior causes a distinctive spatial perception, 3) gardens are carefully designed to take advantage of hourly and seasonal change of moonlight. Those built in latter periods achieve better effect of the reflection through the night and seasons. Meanwhile the possibilities of PC-simulation for the garden design study are realized as followings; 1) the comparative analysis by hypothetical modeling is effective to figure out the intention of the design, 2) a number of gardens are able to be observed simultaneously under the same moonlight condition without any climate influence.
  • 章 俊華, 赤坂 信
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 413-418
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Brick carve is the result by ancient scientific technology in China, and it is also the fruit of ancient culture and art. The royal garden Summer Palace is taken as the research object, and the aim is to analyze the representation and character of courtyard space through 645 brick carve patterns. The spaces are divided with names as life, religion, celebration, entertainment and recreation, and these brick carve patterns are studied separately. It can be seen that brick carve is both architecture decoration art and the expression of taste of governors, politics and life atmosphere. Brick carve can help understand the expression and character of courtyard space. Different brick carve patterns can reflect different courtyard space and extend different atmosphere. It embodies profound and admirable space express means of Chinese landscape architecture.
  • 武田 史朗, 増田 昇
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 419-424
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the U.K., more than 140 Natural Burial Grounds are in operation, showing that the style is gradually being accepted by the public as an alternative. Yet, the desirable design principles for the burial grounds of this style has not been established or even studied. In this paper, a model of landscape framework - horizons, pathways, and things - is introduced as the basis of the analytical study on the design of the spiritual landscapes. The framework is created based on the idea of place memory that was originally proposed by E. S. Casey to describe the structure of the landscape that sustains people's memory in general. Two cases are analyzed using this model, and the results of the analyses are compared with each other. In both cases, the roles within the landscape framework that are played by various landscape elements such as the different types of memorials, the trees, the paths, and the furniture are identified. And through the comparison of the cases, two different types of landscape framework - that of personal and collective - are identified, and it is found that each type of the framework is given significance in the two landscapes to different degrees, reflecting the burial grounds management policies and the long term visions as to the their landscapes.
  • 加藤 博, 下村 孝
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 425-430
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are lots of historic gardens inherited from Heian Period in Kyoto, and they have been preserved by countless Kyoto gardeners. But recently, rapid changes in the surrounding situations (e.g. changes in natural environment) seem to make them gardeners be in face with considerable problems. The purpose of this study is to know actual conditions of Kyoto gardeners who are preserving various historic gardens now, and consider their future to achieve the good preservation of historic gardens. To this end, we investigated actual conditions of Kyoto gardeners by questionnaire survey. As a result, we found some trends in their thought, for example, 63 percent of them required the restoration rather than the evolution of historic gardens, and 56 percent of them desired to tighten landscape conservation regulations. The most pregnant result was that 58 percent approved of compiling some guidelines for preserving historic gardens. We supposed the guideline would contribute a great deal to the good preservation of historic gardens.
  • 大野 朋子, 山本 聡, 前中 久行
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 431-436
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The evapo-transpirations were measured by weighing lysimeter continually at every half hour for turfs of Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis and turf of Sedum mexicanum which were important plant material for roof top gardens. Evaporation from bare soil was also measured. Air temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind and light intensity (PFFD) were measured consequently at every one hour. As results, among the environmental factors, light intensity and water vapor deficit were strongly correlated to the evapo-transpiration water amount. So, the averages were calculated at many combinations of the two factors. By the most cases except at the highest light intensity and the highest water vapor deficit, evapo-transpiration were increased according with the light intensity or increasing of water vapor deficit, and the evapo-transpiration were not so much different among Cynodon, Sedum and bare soil. The fact shows that there is no difference about the temperature effect among Cynodon, Sedum and even bare soil by water evaporation. At the highest light intensity and the highest water vapor deficit, Cynodon and bare soil accelerated the transpiration. It would lead to withering for Cynodon. But the Sedum turf decreased the evapo-transpiration and could be tolerant against dry up.
  • 中村 彰宏
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 437-440
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to evaluate the amelioration of urban heat island effects with latent heat flux from green roofs, the pond was installed on a building roof. Evapotranspiration rate in summer was estimated with the observation of water level fluctuation and precipitation. Over the 76 days study, total precipitation was 142 mm and the evapotranspiration from water was 361 mm with additional 204.0 mm irrigation. Accumulated latent heat flux for the duration was corresponded 78 % of total solar radiation. To evaluate the effects of aquatic plants on evapotranspiration, weighing experiments with and without aquatic plants of the water container were carried out. Evapotranspiration rate from aquatic plants were greater than that of bare water container. So water surface covered with aquatic plants have more efficacy than water surface for reducing the urban heat island effects with relative small area.
  • 鈴木 弘孝, 三坂 育正, 水谷 敦司, 田代 順孝
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 441-446
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, the temperature control effects of wall greening, which is attracting attention as a countermeasure against the heat island phenomenon in cities, were quantitatively assessed by measuring the temperatures of green panels and concrete walls (painted white) using MRT, WBGT, and SET* as thermal indices. Comparison of MRT values calculated from head/short-wave radiometer measurements and blackball temperatures showed that the former value could be approximated to the latter by correcting the incident solar radiation monitored by the radiometer by solar altitude. The resultant MRT showed that the green panels lowered the temperature by about 11 C at peak hours. WBGT values showed drops of 1 to 2 C at peak hours, and SET* values showed drops of 1 to 2 C throughout the day. Thus, these indices were effective for quantitatively assessing the temperature-reducing effects of green panels.
  • 岩崎 寛, 井上 紗代, 山本 聡
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 447-450
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study has aimed to clarify the management condition for the foliage plant as the interior goods to grow healthily. Under a different environment, five kinds of the foliage plant; Dracaena sanderiana, Ficus pumila, Dracaena fragrans cv. "Massangeana", Fittonia verschaffeltii, Codiaeum variegatum compared differences of the growth from the photosynthesis ratio, the SPAD value, the amount of the leaf etc. As a result, it has been understood that the difference between the large influence of the difference of a light condition on the amount of growth, and frequency of watering produces a big influence on the mortality rate. The influence was different depending on the kind of the foliage plant. The management of Dracaena sanderiana and Dracaena fragrans cv. "Massangeana" was comparatively easy. The difference of a light condition much influences growth of Ficus pumila. The management of water condition much influences growth of Fittonia verschaffeltii. The management of Codiaeum variegatum was difficult, because both water and light condition was much influences for its growth and mortality rate.
  • 浅井 俊光, 宮本 れい, 水庭 千鶴子, 近藤 三雄
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 451-454
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently the lower criterion on cadmium (Cd) concentrations for polished rice was suggested in CODEX. It is urgently necessary to find out the most effective phytoremediator to remove Cd from rice fields. We have selected Iris pseudoacorus L. and Iris ensata Thunb. for our study from the following reasons; Iris pseudoacorus L. is known for its high biomass and strong resistance to environmental impacts: Iris ensata Thunb. have been often planted in the rice field in fallow. Both species are recognized by their beautiful flowers, commonness, the low prices and the easiness of planting. This experiment is aimed to evaluate these two species as phytoremediators to remove Cd. These plants are planted into 1ppm, 10ppm, 100ppm Cd hydroponics for 7 days. In general, Cd uptake by plants increases according to the Cd level of the hydroponics. The Cd removal rates of Iris pseudoacorus L. are between 0.64 and 2.00% (g/DW), while those of Iris ensata Thunb. are between 0.48 and 4.33%. Iris ensata Thunb. showed the higher efficiency in the low Cd concentration, whereas Iris pseudoacorus L. indicated an advantage under the high Cd concentration. Both Iris pseudoacorus L. and Iris ensata Thunb. indicate high Cd concentration in their roots but low in their shoots.
  • 飯島 健太郎, 涌井 史郎, 油井 正昭
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 455-460
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Characteristics found in the seed germination of Sedum japonicum and Sedum mexicanum were examined. Especially, the effects of the differences in the germination temperature, the storage temperature, and the storage period on the seed germination were looked into. The seeds of Sedum japonicum and Sedum mexicanum were collected on 7/13/2001 and 6/10/2000 respectively in advance of this experiment. The first experiment right after the seeds collection was conducted in a Biotron whose temperature was artificially controlled, with the temperature controlled at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degree Celsius. The next experiment was conducted with the seeds whose storage temperature and storage period differed, in the rooms with their temperatures controlled at 10 degree and 25 degree. As a result, it was found that the germination was best promoted between 15 and 20 for Sedum japonicum and between 10 and 15 for Sedum mexicanum. The lowest germination rate was recorded after one month of the collection. In the experiment conducted after this, it was found that the germination characteristics changed as the length of the storage period was prolonged and that the germination of the stored seeds was promoted around 25 degree rather than at the lower temperature. Furthermore both types of the seeds soon failed to germinate when they were stored at the normal temperate and humidity. On the other hand, at the lowered temperature and humidity (at 5 degree of the temperature and 30% of the humidity), the seeds can germinate even after 4 years storage.
  • 山田 宏之, 野中 昭枝, 中島 敦司, 中尾 史郎, 養父 志乃夫
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 461-464
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The planting experiment was conducted using two kinds of floating plant boxes at the down stream region of Wakagawa-river where the average river water salt concentration should set 2.0 % or more.The structure of one type of floating plant box using river water type was as follows; The soil layer undersurface receives moisture supply in contact with the river water surface. The next type of floating plant box using rain water type was made to dissociate from the water surface and let only rain be the source of water supply of water.
  • 細野 哲央
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 465-470
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research aimed at clarifying proper management of planting demanded from a legal viewpoint. First, Article 2 of State Redress Law and Article 717 of Civil Code were set as keywords, and the judicial precedent was searched, using the Internet database law information database LEX/DB Internet. And the examples in connection with the accident that the falling trunk or branch of the tree hits victims directly were taken up out of the searched examples. And then, the other judicial precedent was supplemented by obtaining it from the court. Finally, six examples were summarized in the table, observing the regarded fact in the decision. As a result, the relation between the legal responsibility for manager and the contents of planting management on the judicial precedent for the accident that the falling trunk or branch of the tree hits victims directly could be clarified.
  • 朴 映建, 須田 歩, 藤井 英二郎
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 471-474
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The favorite degree of several pair planting patterns and the characteristics of eye movement are analyzed to investigate the visio-psychological background of planting scheme in Korea and Japan. Korean subjects liked the pair planting pattern of the same tree form best, and their eye fixation distributed on relatively restricted area in each object tree. So, we considered the convergence of eye fixation in each tree of pair planting indicate the favorite degree of pair planting pattern in case of Korean subjects. 0n the other hand, Japanese subjects also liked the pattern of the same tree form best, and not a few subjects liked a pattern of different tree form like a cone and a globular form. And, the characteristic point of eye movement of Japanese subjects is the distribution of eye fixation between two trees. And, we could say that Japanese subjects tend to inspect the pair planting with its background and the space between the two tree. Therefore, we could point out a relationships among the favorite degree of pair planting pattern, eye movement, and general planting pattern in Korea and Japan.
  • 多田 充, 藤井 英二郎
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 475-478
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    We studied the visual psychological side of comfortableness in plant shades. The effect which the difference in the materials of a canopy affects to the subjects was measured. The plant (Vinca Major L.) and the artificial material (white PVC board) were used for the canopy. Both materials ware adjusted to become probably same thermal environment (the reduce ratio of insolation =: 50%). The responses of the subjects under the plant shade had the following characteristics as compared with the artificial shade. (1) According to sensory evaluation by SD method, plant shade was evaluated pleasant, beautiful, dark, valuable and hot. (2) Vigor feeling was high and fatigue feeling was low. (3) From analysis of EEG, there were the differences in alpha-wave in F3 and Pz. Therefore, it was shown that a difference is in brain activity. (4) Systoric blood pressure was 2 - 10 mmHg low. As described above, the visual psychological effect of the plant shade increases comfortableness, and it is thought that the stress state of mind and body to be relieved.
  • 黒川 敦, 松本 三紀雄, 谷本 都栄, 福岡 孝純
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 479-482
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper describes (1) pupillary light reflex of three primary colors (red, green, blue) and white, (2) difference of pupillary diameter between like picture and dislike picture, for making the Landscape Assessment System by using pupillary reaction.
  • 岩田 朋子, 吉田 博宣, 森本 淳子
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 483-486
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Conservation of Quercus serrata secondary forests has been recently looked for on the aspects of bio-diversity, citizens recreation and other effects. A long terms abandonment of appropriate management for Q. serrata forests has increased, however, especially in urban areas, since a revolution of fuel and fertilizer. Regeneration of those forests has been maintained through the method of coppicing, but it is generally said that it might be difficult to generate an old-aged forest by coppicing. So this research aims for giving a fundamental data for regeneration by natural seedling for aged Q. serrata forests. Two aged Q. serrata forests, a forest in Zama Park and a forest in the campus of Nihon University, with different ages and tree densities in Kanagawa prefecture were investigated on acorn production and seedling growth. As a result, 7.5 to 174.5 acorns per square meter were collected from the trees at the age of 37 to 66 years. It was confirmed that larger growth of seedling was related to larger weight of acorn, however a comparison for number of acorn was difficult because of a good or poor crop harvest among individual trees. Larger growth of seedling was also related to higher quantity of light under lower density of tree. It was confirmed that lower density of tree and higher quantity of light is one of the primary facts for good growth of seedlings.
  • 山瀬 敬太郎
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 487-490
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Regeneration behaviors of tree species under different thinning intensity were investigated in secondary forests of Pine mass-dieback, in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Regenerated forests occurred by sprout formation and by growth of saplings, and the proportion of sprouted formation to total regeneration (PSRG) was different under thinning intensity. Following the management, regeneration occurred more often by sprout formation than by growth of saplings in clear-cut areas, while regeneration occurred more often by growth of saplings than by sprout formation in thinning areas. Four groups of tree species could be classified based upon the tree density of individuals (H >= 1.3m) and PSRG. Type A regenerated many individuals independently of thinning intensity and had PSRGs of more than 50%. Type B regenerated many individuals independently of thinning intensity and had PSRGs of less than 50%. Type C regenerated many individuals in clear-cut areas had PSRGs of more than 50%. Type D regenerated many individuals in only clear-cut areas and had PSRGs of less than 50%. Tree species belonging to Type A were Ilex pedunculosa, Lyonia ovalifolia and Eurya japonica etc., and their species regenerated many individuals. These results suggest that the selective and high frequency removal of Type A species provide richness for other tree species.
  • 栃本 大介, 石田 弘明, 服部 保, 福井 聡, 浅見 佳世, 武田 義明
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 491-496
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The spatial distribution, population structure, habitat condition, and seed production of Fagus crenata and Fagus japonica, which are the dominant species of beech (Fagus crenata) forests, were investigated. The investigation was carried out on Mt Rokko in the southeastern part of Hyogo Prefecture, and it aimed to clarify the present states of the two species and collect information that can contribute to the restoration of Fagus crenata forests of Mt. Rokko. We identified 130 Fagus crenata and 1151 Fagus japonica individuals in the study area. Both species occurred disproportionately on the northern slope of Mt. Rokko, and their main habitats were steep slopes. Nut-bearing Fagus japonica individuals accounted for approximately 94% of the individuals more than 10 m in height. On the other hand, only a smaller proportion of Fagus crenata produced nuts. Fagus crenata mostly existed as canopy trees, and its saplings and seedlings were rare. Hence, it appeared that the restoration of the Fagus crenata forests of Mt. Rokko would be extremely difficult without human intervention. It was suggested that planting Fagus crenata seedlings is a requisite for restoring the beech forests of Mt. Rokko.
  • 内田 圭, 浅見 佳世, 武田 義明
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 497-502
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    A secondary forest was created by afforest of Pinus densiflora in Mt. Rokko which was bare mountain. In recent years, the vegetation has changed due to pine wilt disease and progress of succession, however the changes in secondary forests that have shifted from bare mountain regions have not been clarified. The objective of this study was to comprehensively understand the changes in the areas of secondary forests and species diversity from the 1950's to the present. It was found that succession has progressed and the areas of Quercus serrata forests that have low species diversity have increased. A decrease in the species diversity was not confirmed in Pinus densiflora forests; however the forests have been changed to a community that has many component species of evergreen forests. Based on these results, it is suggested that the species diversity in secondary forests whole Mt.Rokko will decrease in the future. Further, the results indicated that the component species of summer-green forests that had existed in Mt.Rokko before became bare mountain would disappear.
  • 橋本 佳延, 服部 保, 小舘 誓治, 石田 弘明, 鈴木 武
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 503-506
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Witches - broom of bamboo is the most destructive disease in bamboo in Japan, and its causative agent is Aciculosporium take MIYAKE (Cavicipitaceae). We investigated the influence of the witches - broom of bamboo on the structure, species composition, and species richness of bamboo forests, particularly in the Phyllostachys bambusoides and P. pubescens forests. We found that most of the P. bambusoides forests were affected by this disease, and more than 50% of their patch areas were covered with dead culms in a quarter of the investigation spots. On the other hand, the P. pubescens forests were completely unaffected by the disease. The species composition in the diseased bamboo forests was more diverse than that of the healthy bamboo forests, and the species richness of the former was higher than that of the latter. We suggest that the disease had a negative impact on the structure of the P. bambusoides forests and a positive impact on its species composition and species richness. Further, it had an unusual influence on the P. pubescens forests.
  • 川上 好古, 上甫木 昭春
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 507-512
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent years, agricultural damage caused by wild animals has been increasingly reported across Japan. Especially it is quite serious in farm areas. This study was aimed to find its influential factors in terms of the geographical distribution of the damage by wild animals in Sasayama city, Hyogo prefecture, by focusing on the connection between a damaged spot and a green tract of land as well as the connection between the damage scale and the distance from a village. The result showed that there was a relation between the location of the damaged area and the scale of flora or a tract of greens, and that the damaged zone was about 400 to 600 meters away from the edge of a wooded land, having something to do with the locations of roads and a residential area as well. As for the residents attitude toward damage, those who had directly suffered the damage tended to prefer the extermination of the animals to cope with the problem, while those who did not were more reluctant to take such a method. Therefore, the future compensation and the countermeasures should be individually made or taken, considering the characteristics of each damaged zone.
  • 松江 正彦, 百瀬 浩, 植田 睦之, 藤原 宣夫
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 513-518
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nesting locations of the Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) were investigated in two areas of about 390km2 in Tochigi prefecture, about 50km north of Tokyo. A total of 22 nesting locations were found in the area. Their food items were also monitored. A multiple regression model was constructed to predict the breeding density (measured as the total area covered by 1.8km buffers generated from the location of each nests within a 3x3km grid) from several environmental factors such as vegetation and human population size. The resulted model could explain about 63% of the variation in the breeding density (r2=0.63). Factors used in the model were: length of forest edge facing grassland (positive factor), area of bare land, construction sites etc. and human population size within each grid (negative factors). In this area, Goshawks were feeding mainly on small or medium sized birds, but the abundance, or biomass, of the birds was not an important factor that affected the breeding density of the Goshawks. The reason for this might be either that the food (amount of birds) is generally abundant in the area and therefore not an important limiting factor, or that availability of the suitable hunting area such as the forest edge facing the grassland is more important than the availability of the food itself.
  • 岡崎 樹里, 秋山 幸也, 加藤 和弘
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 519-522
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined how vegetation structure and human activities influenced avian fauna in wooded open spaces in urban areas. Canonical Corresponding Analysis (CCA) revealed that factors such as coverage of lawn, pressure of human-utilization, and coverage of deciduous trees were important to determine avian fauna. Areas covered with lawn and used by people tended to hold characteristic fauna in which such species as grey starlings, dusky thrushes and white wagtails were dominant. In particular, grey starlings showed the same tendency in both wintering and breeding seasons. Although abundance of these species decreased as lower layers became too dense, it was also confirmed that lower vegetation layers of intermediate coverage contributed to maintain some species such as black-faced bunting, pale thrushes, Japanese bush warblers, and oriental turtle doves, which has already been known in previous studies. In breeding season, spatial variation in avian fauna could not be explained by these factors well, which may be caused by the absence of the species that tend to use specific vegetation structures such as lower vegetation layers. On the other hand, the area of wooded open space and surrounding land uses influenced avian fauna in some extent.
  • 百瀬 浩, 吉田 保志子, 山口 恭弘
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 523-528
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nesting locations of two species of crows, the Carrion crow Corvus corone and the Jungle crow C. macrorhynchos, were studied in five areas of total 58km2 near Tsukuba city in southern Ibaraki prefecture, about 50km northeast of Tokyo. Using these data, multiple regression models were constructed to predict the breeding density (number of nesting locations within a 1x1km or 2x2km grid) of the crows from environmental factors such as vegetation, land use and terrain structure. Overall, 2x2km grid models were better than 1x1 models and the one to predict the breeding density of the two crow species combined was better than separate models. The factors used in this combined model were the total length of the forest edge facing farmland, paddy field, orchard, grassland and urban area and the area of farmland (R2=0.83). The presence of these edges might indicate the abundance and the proximity of foraging and nesting habitat for the crows. The model to predict the ratio of the two species was also constructed (R2=0.77). Its structure suggested that forested areas tended to have more Jungle than Carrion crow nests.
  • 橋本 啓史, 澤 邦之, 田端 敬三, 森本 幸裕, 西尾 伸也
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 529-532
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tree hollows are important nest and roost sites for various animals such as Ninox scutulata even in urban areas, but the number of such sites is very low. In this study, we recorded the characteristics of legacy trees with hollows in an urban area within Kyoto City (25 km2), Japan in 2002. We found 288 legacy trees with a trunk perimeter more than 300 cm and 94 trees with hollows. Legacy trees of Castanopsis sieboldii (an ever-green broad-leaf tree) and Aphananthe aspera (a deciduous broad-leaf tree) had a high rate of hollows. All six legacy trees of Cinnamomum camphora (an ever-green broad-leaf tree) with more than 1.5 m of DBH had hollows, but other trees of this species did not have hollows even when the trunk perimeter was more than 300 cm. We applied a logistic regression model to trunk perimeter and the probability of hollow-bearing in each species in an urban woods. We also predicted tree perimeter in relation to age from the annual relative growth rate in each species. A. aspera trees showed the highest incidence of tree hollows in relation to trunk perimeter, but these trees grow very slowly. Celtis sinensis trees grow rapidly, but they have a lower rate of tree hollows than A. aspera. Z. serrata trees grow at an intermediate speed and rarely have tree hollows. Cinnamomum camphora trees grow rapidly. Castanopsis sieboldii trees grow at an intermediate speed.
  • 鵜川 健也, 加藤 和弘
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 533-536
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined relationship between avian diversity in urban woodlots and the surrounding environment. We surveyed bird communities and vegetation structures in 9 woodlots (6.87-52.26 ha) in Tokyo Metropolis and Saitama Prefecture during both wintering and breeding seasons in 2005. We measured area, latitude, and longitude of each woodlot by GIS, and estimated quality of the surrounding environment of each woodlot, using NDVI values in 250 m and 2,500 m buffers of each woodlot calculated from EOS-Terra/ASTER satellite imagery. We analyzed relationship between bird species richness and vegetation structure by correlation analysis, and constructed multiple regression models explaining bird species richness, using woodlot area, latitude, longitude, and surrounding environment. Effect of woodlot area and the amount of vegetation cover in each layer on bird species richness was little in both seasons. Total and migrant bird species richness in wintering season was explained by latitude, longitude, and NDVI in 2,500 m buffers. Resident bird species richness in both seasons and bird species richness in breeding season were explained by latitude, longitude, and NDVI in 250 m buffers. Influence of surrounding environment on migrant bird species and that on resident bird species may differ.
  • 一ノ瀬 友博
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 537-540
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    I investigated birds from 15 January to 24 February 2004 along 8 wooded streets in central area of Osaka, Japan, in order to determine which environmental factors of wooded street are important as habitat of birds in winter. Eight species of 218 individuals were recorded at 2 times observation of the streets. I used a satellite image to identify the distribution of vegetation in my study area. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each grid cell was calculated. The value of NDVI that indicated the threshold value for vegetation cover were 0.3 and more, based on the ground-truthing from December 2003 to February 2004. The proportion of vegetation cover within 50 m from a recording point was calculated in each bird species. The average vegetation cover proportion of Hypsipetes amaurotis and Sturnus cineraceus was more than 25 %, while that of Passer montanus was around 5 %. Almost all individuals of species except Passer montanus were significantly recorded in buffer areas within 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 400 m from the edge of 2 ha and more woodlot.
  • 斎藤 達也, 大窪 久美子
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 541-544
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the purpose of making clear of ecological community characteristics and considering with vegetation management methods, alien plant species Coreopsis lanceolata established semi-natural grassland communities were surveyed with vegetation and environmental conditions in the southern part of Nagano Prefecture. These vegetation data were analyzed mainly from the point of view of species composition, community structure, and diagnosis of plant succession. Three types of plant communities (Zoysia japonica dominant type (Zj type), C. lanceolata dominant type (Cl type), Miscanthus sinensis dominant type (Ms type)) were distinguished at the second level of TWINSPAN classification, and eight types of species groups were distinguished. There were differences in life-form spectrum and growth-form spectrum of each community type, with the result that relative photon densities in the communities declined by increasing the shoots densities of C. lanceolata on close to ground. Therefore, native grassland species that have inhabited on the short-grass type grasslands would have declined owing to dominance of C.lanceolata. On the index of degree of succession, Zj type was lower than other types that were almost same degree. These results suggested that by the invasion and dominance of C. lanceolata, species composition and community structure on the semi-natural grassland have altered, and plagiosere succession have been caused.
  • 井手 任, 植竹 朋子, 芝池 博幸, 楠本 良延, 平舘 俊太郎, 矢野 初美, 保谷 彰彦, 吉村 泰幸, 清水 矩宏
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 545-548
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Most of the plants morphologically identified as the introduced dandelions are known to be the hybrids between the native diploid and the introduced triploid dandelions. From the viewpoint of environmental indicator species, we clarified the environmental characteristics of the habitats of native and hybrid dandelions (tetraploid hybrids and triploid hybrids), analyzing the relationships between the distribution pattern of these dandelions and the habitat factors such as vegetation types, soil pH (H2O), soil hardness and illumination intensity in the campus of the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science. It was found that the native dandelions mainly occurred at slightly disturbed habitats with weakly acidic soil covered by forest edge species. In contrast, the hybrid dandelions, typically tetraploid hybrids, tended to occur at intensively disturbed habitats with relatively hard soil of neutral pH (H2O). We also performed clone analysis to reveal the genetic structures of dandelion populations, and analyzed the distribution patterns of each of the genetically identical clones. Based on the results obtained, we evaluated the validity of environmental indicator for ruderal and urban environments by the pair of native dandelions and tetraploid hybrids.
  • 畠 佐代子, 夏原 由博
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 549-552
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    From 2003-2004, the habitat factors of harvest mice were investigated in Shiga prefecture. This study was conducted in a variety grass fields; we recorded factors such as nest distribution, vegetation, the environmental conditions around the nesting sites, and the use of the land. For two years, we conducted research in a total of 122 areas, and 54 nesting sites were detected. The proportion of mountainous areas included in our study was higher than that of the lakeside areas. Nests were found on flood plains, riverbanks, abandoned paddy fields, rice fields, channel for irrigations, uncultivated lands, and road slopes. Most nests were found on flood plains and in abandoned paddy fields. As compared with the annual Gramineae species, a perennial Gramineae species was the dominant vegetation at the nesting sites. Nests were frequently found at nearly all the sites where nests had been found the previous year. Nests were frequently found in the area which includes a high proportion of forest, river or lakeside, and a low proportion of agricultural land. Fields of perennial grass such as the Japanese pampas grass, located close to the rivers in rural mountainous areas situated between mountains were found to be good habitats for harvest mice.
  • 黒田 貴綱, 勝野 武彦
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 553-556
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The distribution and habitat preference of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) was investigated in suburban area on the Tama Hills in east Japan where the grassland was reducing drastically. The field survey was carried out searching globular nests built by harvest mouse. Most of nest sites were detected at abandoned paddy fields on valley bottoms in yato (small valley with paddy fields) and globular nests were made of Miscanthus sacchariflorus stems and multiple wetland plants. In the survey area there were a lot of nest site with low number of globular nests, and it was clarified that most of nest sites were isolated. To elucidate the relationship between total number of globular nests and environmental factors, multiple regression analysis of grid 250x250m was applied. As a result, number of globular nests significantly correlated with length of bottom of valley-forest edge and proportion of abandoned paddy field. It was considered that maintain of yato landscape with growth of wetland plants and agricultural environment in suburban area were important for conservation of small animals such as harvest mouse.
  • 冨田 満, 伊藤 浩二, 加藤 和弘
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 557-560
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Genji-firefly Luciola cruciata, a symbolic species in Japanese traditional agricultural landscapes, has recently been decreased. Therefore, conservation practices of this species have been tried in various parts of Japan. It was reported that the factors influencing the distribution of this species in eastern Japan differed from those in western Japan, and that the difference corresponded to topographical difference between the two regions. There are, however, few studies in which the difference is analyzed quantitatively. To compare factors influencing firefly distribution in eastern Japan with those in western Japan, we constructed regression models using firefly abundance as dependent variable and environmental measurement values as independent variables. Data were obtained from two areas: one was Ichikai Town, which is located in a hilly district in eastern Japan, and the other was Hagi City, which is located in a piedmont region in western Japan. The results showed that the dominance of gravel deposition covering riverbed and the abundance of freshwater snails Semisulcospira libertina were significant factors influencing firefly abundance in the both study areas, while such factors as the channel width, current velocity, dissolved oxygen and bank height did not performed as environmental factors constantly. We confirmed that we should be careful in applying an inductive model obtained in a study area to the other areas. It appears that regional comparison of environmental factors influencing abundance of target organisms to find the reasons that causes regional difference in environmental factors may be a way to construct models with higher universality.
  • 鵜飼 剛平, 奥 敬一, 深町 加津枝, 堀内 美緒, 寺川 庄蔵, 森本 幸裕
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 561-564
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between fish communities and habitat environments in small, erosion-controlled rivers which until this day have been overlooked, and which have thus failed to be included in natural environment restoration zones. Thirty-one sites in three small rivers which flow into Lake Biwa were selected for investigation. As a result, six families and twelve fish species were identified. Based on the results of TWINSPAN, two categories of fish communities were established: the first comprised the communities found in the vicinity of the river mouth which included upstream migratory species such as Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, and the second comprised the communities found in the middle course of the river which did not include upstream migratory species. It was inferred that the partition of the habitat space was the result of the existence of small dams in the river. The results of CCA indicated that although these small rivers had been significantly altered for erosion-control, a large variety of micro-habitat environments survived, and specific fish species inhabited the various habitats accordingly.
  • 大澤 啓志, 黒田 貴綱, 勝野 武彦
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 565-570
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The changes in vegetation and small animal fauna were investigated in terraced paddy with stone masonry in the hilly and mountainous areas of northeast Kyushu where cultivation has been progressively abandoned. Grassland which includes Imperata cylindrical - Miscanthus sinensis community and Juncus effusu community was formed depending on the soil moisture in the extensively managed sites. With the progression of vegetation succession in the abandoned managed sites, the M. sinensis community has attained dominant status. Although frog species diversity increased in the mountainside terraced paddy, the abandonment of paddy field cultivation led to a decline of frog composition. Rana ornativentris and Rhacophorus schlegelii had continually inhabited the moorland vegetation since the open water bodies required for breeding in frogs were disturbance-created by the rooting behaviour of mammals. With regard to the mouse fauna, Apodemus speciosus had colonized the extensively managed sites, and A. argenteus was found in the abandoned sites characterized by dense coverage of tall plants such as M. sinensis. Though the Micromys minutus population had increased in the extensively managed sites subject to continued mowing, they were absent from sites that had been abandoned for approximately 15 years. It was clarified that the vegetation succession is dependent on both land-form and management practice, and that vegetation and soil moisture are important factors in determining small animal fauna.
  • 畠瀬 頼子, 大江 栄三, 小栗 ひとみ, 松江 正彦, 宇津木 栄津子, 井本 郁子
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 571-576
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    We studied the relationship between changes in forest floor vegetation and several management schemes at the Michinoku Lakewood National Government Park in Kawasaki Town, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. We found that the number of newly recorded species and the total number of species increased in plots where brush had been cut, and also in plots where brush had been cut followed by thinning after two years. Moreover, pioneer species, such as grassland species and forest-edge species were observed in these plots. Besides, climax species, such as laurel forest species also survived these forest management practices. Our results showed that these forest management techniques were effective in increasing the species richness of the forest floor vegetation without elimination of the climax species.
  • 嶺田 拓也, 石田 憲治
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 577-580
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    A irrigation pond contributes to conservation of biodiversity in rural landscape to offer important standing water area greatly. Various aquatic plants utilize a irrigation pond as habitat, although recently decrease of a floating plant and a submerged plant is reported in each place. In Nakatado region of Kagawa Prefecture, we examined a role of irrigation pond for conservation of endangered submerged plants, which are sensitive for environmental change. The appearance frequency of a endangered submerged plant was high in a small irrigation pond less than 2.000m3 storage capacity from result of flora of 536 pond. Therefore we monitored population of Blxa aubertii and Ottelia japonica, which are belong Hydrocharitaceae of endangered submerged plants, and observation change of fluctuation pattern in water level and management situation of some irrigation ponds. As a result, it was considered that fluctuation in water level, supplied water use for irrigation, contributed to population preservation of submerged plants. It becomes clear that a role of the small irrigation pond is important for preserve of endangered submerged plant through maintained water use.
  • 森本 淳子, 勝野 武彦
    2006 年 69 巻 5 号 p. 581-586
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2007/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    We investigated habitat environment and flowering of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx in Hakone mountain area in which they are growing naturally, for the conservation of the natural colonies. R. dilatatum survived in the place where little evergreen trees grow, where little litter covers the forest floor, and whose elevation is lower. R. kiyosumense survived in the place where little evergreen trees grow, and whose elevation is lower. R. wadanum survived in the place whose elevation is higher, where LAI in summer is lower, and where the moss distributes broadly. LAI in summer seemed to perform as the indicator of the environment where the flowers of R. dilatatum and R. kiyosumense bloom. Seedlings of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx grew in the place where the little litter covers the forest floor, and where LAI in summer is higher. Analyzing habitat suitability of Rhododensron, multiple linear regression models that estimate the potential habitat of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx were developed. Broad estimation of those environmental factors will enable to delineate the potential habitat area of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx in Hakone area.
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