As the forest environment investigation, I investigated the sound level (phone), the temparature (°C), the vegetation, the illumimation (lux), and the number of persons etc. Next I examined the relation between these and the selected number of the feeling words.
It is difficult to measure the physical quantity etc. in relation to man's feelings, but with efforts it can become powerful as arm of “The Conservation of Nature”.
Well, the view of landscape (nature) consists of Nagame (view) and Funiki (atomosphere) which generate from man's idea. They correspond to long and short destance of man's feelings, scientific and religious (unscientific), confrontation and indentifi cation with self, and outside (Mt. Arashi) and inside (Mt. Kurama) of a forest.
Moreover, as approches to the nature, “Yasuragi” and “Shinpi”. When we face the nature, from now on we must pursue not only Amae (sweets) (Yasuragi) but also must have Shinpi; psychictension generates from awe of a life.
The one is mundane (man-centered) and Nagame, the other is sacred and Funiki.
This is the way of Landscaper who cosiders “The Conservation of Nature”.

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In recent years many efforts have been made in the study of the resistance of trees and shrubs against sulphur dioxide. However, the seasonal changes of the resistance have never been given a proper attention, especially on report ever handled this change in the resistance of garden trees and shrubs over a period of one year. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seasonal changes in the resistance of garden trees and shrubs against sulphur dioxide, thus contributing to the problems of protection and maintenance of garden trees and shrubs in big cities, just when the role of plants in improving environmental conditions is beginning to draw wide attention.
The following garden plants (on tree and two shrubs) were used as the test samples;Kamakura-hiba Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. var. brevirainea Beiss.
Masaki Euonymus japonicus Thunb.
Satsuki-tsutsuji Rhododendron indicurn Sweet
The author planted these samples and exposed them to 3 ppm of SO₂ for 3 hours under a given temperature in a growth cabinet for air-pollution experiments every other month for one year starting from May 1972, and observed the effects of the pollution and the state of growth after the disposure. Also, the author made a section where the plants were given an artificial shower (20mm'3mins.) after the exposure, and tried to observe effects of the watering in reducing the damages made by the pollution.
The general outlines of the results of the experiment are as follows:
1. Resistance of the test plants against sulphur dioxide is strongest during winter (January) and in the month right after winter (March). Resistance is also fairly strong in the month right before winter (November). On the contrary, it is the weakest in summer (July) and also weak in the month of September. In the month right before summer (May) damages appear in different degrees among different samples.
2. The rate of falling leaves which the author took as an indication of the damage showed the same trend seen in other features of damage.
3. Observation of growth of the plants after the disposure disclosed that no plant died: all of them recovered from the damage. As of March, all of Kamakura-hiba were growing normally, and Masakis and Satsuki-tsutsujis had returned to normal except those exposed in July and November. Those exposed in July were late in shooting out new leaves after the old ones had fallen, and those exposed in November shod their leaves toward the beginning of winter and consequently new leaves were not coming out yet.
4. No alleviating effects by watering were recog nized.
5. Generally, resistance against sulphur dioxide was strongest in Kamakura-hiba, next strongest in Masaki, and weakest in Satsuki-tsutsuji.

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Three streams of idears on“green space conservation” were appeared during the period 1915-1919. The first one is a series of tendancy originated by construction of Nleiji shrine. That is, T. Hongo completed planting method based on ecological aspects, and applied it for planting inside the forest of the Shrine. Then landscape architecture were lectured in Faculty of Agriculture of University of Tokyo.
The second one was represented by Histric Spot, Beauty Spot and Natural Monument Conservation Law for which M. Miyoshi made a great effort in its establishment. Around that time Musashino Sociaty was estabtiished contributing to preservation of Metropolitan surburbs.
The third one was seen in City Planning Law. That is, parks were not only regarded as one of the facilities in a city, but also regulated as scenic zones backed up by the idea on green space conservation. It was City Research Committee chaired by S. Goto that made an effort to establish the above Laws and promote the green space theory. During the period H. Ikeda's “Free Space Theory” was appeared in the technical magagin Toshi koron and its theory by T. Tamura, R. Ohya and K. Takei was also appeared in it. Moreover, K. Ohta and T. Kitamura were the first persons to use the term.“Green Space.”
In Sept. of 1923, terriblily big earthquake destroyed the Kanto area resulting in burned out of 380, 000 houses and 80, 000 dead victims of it. For restoration of the Tokyo City, Research Committee submitted the large scaled reconstruction plan, however the plan was reduced in scale because of financial difficulty. Therefore, the chance to improve city circumstance by the introduction of green space was lost in spite of the social recognition concerning the effect of green space in term of prevention of disnster

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The purpose of this study is, in consideration of up to date problems on nature conservation, to understand the structure of OPEN LAND with the following three aspects:
Open land as a basic element for planning
Open land as a basic element for planning
Open land as an element of environment
Aims of the study are to analyse the relation, between individual phenomenon and the structure, to, make clear the theoretical view point on OPEN LAND, and to find out some solutions for natural environmental conditions.
We came to realize that the feature of the structure' of OPEN LAND can be classified in its equalization of the quality of O.S as a basic element, as a part of cultural background, and as an element of environment. Contents of the equalization can be shown in a following manner:
1. Equalization of O.S as a basic element: innovation of the surface, demolishment of water ways, leveling of slopes:
2. Equalization of O.S as a part of cultural background: planting techniques construction means and design manner.
3. Equalization of O.S as an element of environment: Expansion of green-less housing areas and equalization of species of plants.
Following three stages should well be regarded, and the third stage should be taken into considration for the betterment of region oriented Open Land plannig.
1st stage: Function oriented plan for open space
2nd stage: Structure oriented plan for open space
3rd stage: Phase oriented plan for REGIONAL OPEN LAND
Individually specialized planning based upon the differenceof feature of regions should be developed. Problems and questions to be considered for the recovery of OPEN LAND are:
1. To make clear what are problems caused by the equalization of environment, and how they can be solved.
2. To make clear what problems caused by the multiplexization of environment, and how they can be solved.
3. To make clear what are caused by the subdivision of subjects and systems for environmental planning, and how they can be solved.
4. To make clear what are caused by the limitation of concepts of open spaces, and how they can be reformed.
Conclusion:
Directions of the recovery of OPEN LAND can be managed in two ways: the way for containinment of quality, and the way for development of both quality and quantity. In order to develop the means of that, ' systems' connected with the subjects of environment, 'mangement' of systems, and 'techniques' for the control of OPEN LAND should be well re-considered.

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