To carry out local landscape management activities for residents, it is necessary to have stakeholders who understand the value of local landscape to get involved in landscape management. Some local municipalities have developed an education guide using the local landscape as a teaching tool. The purpose of this report is to identify the present situation of development of the education guide using local landscape as a teaching tool (Actual title: the guide for hometown learning with the landscape as a starting point) produced by Nagasaki prefectural office (abbreviated as "the guide") and of implementation of the teacher license renewal course in which the draft of the guide was used and opinions about the guide from the participants were elicited. The main results are as follows. (1) The guide was developed by a committee that included members involved in educational activities using the local landscape in Nagasaki prefecture. (2) The guide was designed in a small volume so that the reader could easily understand the significance, knowledge, and skills of education using the local landscape. (3) The teacher license renewal course contributed to the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for education using the local landscape through independent learning.

Snow is one of the environmental conditions affecting gardens. In the Niigata region the volume of snowfall affects several of the elements that constitute a garden such as the relative area of the ponds, the complexity of their shape and the comparative number of evergreens and deciduous trees. Snow falls in every part of the “snow country” of Niigata Prefecture. Typically, snow piles up in areas near the mountains or between plains and mountains. The Meguro residence was built in 1797 in snowy Uonuma City. Around the main house there is a waterway consisting of a small pond (Chisen) and a large pond (Sadogaike) close to the buildings, and several reservoirs. In this area of heavy snow, the water system with ponds functions as a mechanism to melt and dissolve snow swiftly. This is an introduction to the garden of Rankeiso Villa, close to the mountains in Sanjo City. The report describes, from the perspective of the local features of the Niigata region, how some of the ideas, intelligence and skills especially in relation to snow, developed through different places and experiences by long-ago predecessors in garden construction, are used to this day in garden work in the region. It also describes Rankeiso Garden as an example of garden construction from the perspective of modernity.

Abeno Nanasaka are Aishin sloping street, Aioi sloping street, Sakura sloping street, Yashiro sloping street, Midori sloping street, Minami sloping street, and Miya sloping street, all located on the Uemachi Plateau in Aben-Ku, Osaka City. This paper surveys and analyzes the landscape of the Abeno Nanasaka from the history, topography, and landscape policy and considers their landscape value. The historical survey identified the age of formation of the slope streets using the historic landscape characterization. As a result of the survey, it was found that each of the Abeno Nanasaka has a long history, has been familiar to the local community since ancient times, and has its characteristic topography and unique landscape. Many of the Abeno Nanasaka have steep slopes at the lower part, and many of them have characteristic landscapes to look up to slope street. The Osaka City Landscape Plan also includes the view from the lower part of the slope is considered important. In addition, this area is designated as a Scenic District. In the Scenic District, the significance of newly created urban landscapes is emphasized. In Abeno Nanasaka, examples of newly created landscapes were identified.

The deterioration of park functions due to the growth and decline of plants is now a common problem in urban parks nationwide. To maintain the dynamically changing plants in a healthy state within a limited management budget, it is essential to develop optimal and efficient planting management policies and to involve a planting management supervisor who directs specific management tasks related to these policies on site. This paper describes the process of planting management practice at Obuse General Park in Nagano Prefecture of Japan, outlining and the attempt to restore park functions through planting management supervision and its results.The thinning and trimming of trees to create a space to maintain natural tree form can was carried out in this project, which contributes to the improvement of the landscape and prolongation of tree life. This also leads to a reduction in medium- to long-term management costs by reducing unnecessary pruning and trimming work. In the future, it is important to train planting management supervisors and promote planting management supervision services to reflect this in the planting management system of urban parks nationwide.

This study reports development of green infrastructure construction method applying plastic rainwater storage structure suitable for load resistance to planting base. Observation items in this study are water level, moisture content, soil temperature, and heat index, and test surveys are soil hardness test, permeability test, and root elongation. As a result of this research, the planting base has a pF value within the range of 1.5 to 2.7, which is an effective value for plant growth. In the control plot, there was a tendency for excessive humidity (pF value: 1.2 to 1.4), and a value outside the effective value for growth was observed. Under the shade of greenery, the daytime temperature is about 3°C lower than the surface of the pavement. In the one year after green infrastructure construction method applying plastic rainwater storage structure to planting base, it was confirmed that Zelkova serrata and Liquidambar styraciflua showed elongation of the root and vigorous rooting of fine roots in both 100% and 50% filling of the planting base soil. This study showed the effectiveness of the green infrastructure construction method that applied rainwater storage structure to the planting base for roadside trees.

We are working to conserve Aster kantoensis Kitam. on the roof garden of Futakotamagawa Rise, a shopping mall located next to the Tamagawa River. Opportunities for the local community to rediscover the fascinating nature of the region are created through providing the opportunity to get to know A. kantoensis. On the other hand, it is necessary to prevent the escape of A. kantoensis from the conservation area into the wider environment. We annually conduct seed dispersal investigations and a carry out monitoring of escaped A. kantoensis in the conservation area. We also work with the public to find escaped A. kantoensis. Based on the results, we have developed a management zoning map to inform the control of potential outflow populations. We factored in wind direction and the garden type to define intensity of management within each zone. As a result of this project, we have developed adaptable management techniques with an emphasis on reducing costs. Both the conservation of A. kantoensis and its appeal to the local community have been enhanced through management using zoning maps.

Studies of mountain trail management have focused on protection against overuse especially in high mountain range and high moor. On the other hand, little attention has been given to maintenance for mountain trail in piedmont and forest zone where are dominated by bamboo and the grass. The issue of these zone is risk of disappearance of mountain trail thanks to underuse by administrator and user (trekker and hiker). Developing counterplot against the bamboo grass covering over mountain trail needs to be examined in detail for sustaining the trail. This paper describes the counterplot clearly against the risk of the disappearance through 14 years of action-research in Hakusan National park in Japan. It was found from the result that just changing the timing and width of trail in mowing the grass enables transition from bamboo to the other native breeds. This way does not require any additional resources and/or special equipment, also gives the trail more appeal and less work. Therefore, it implies general versatility for other national park distressed about underuse of mountain trail.

The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of formulating evaluation criteria based on the results of pull-down tests for actual street trees. Four Japanese pagoda trees (Maackia amurensis) planted in roadside in Tokyo were investigated. Three are damaged trees, another is a healthy tree. PiCUS TreeQinetic (manufactured by IML) was used for the measurement to determine the inclination angle and moment of the trunk. From the relationship between the root tilt angle and the moment, the damaged trees were suggested that tilts earlier as the moment increases. Two damaged trees were thought that there was a possibility that the trees would fall, because the wind speed obtained from the maximum moment of the damaged trees were smaller than the wind speed observed in the past 10 years. On the other hand, root-bearing capacity to withstand wind speed 30m was obtained even when the roots were damaged by Bekko-mushroom. Arbostat evaluated “Safety Factor < 1” for all target trees including healthy trees. From comparing the estimated wind speed calculated from the overturning load using the theory used in the arbostat and the moment measured in this test, different results were found. It was considered necessary to study the theory and calculation process used in arbostat and to examine the operation method in Japan.

In 2018, mizu-aoi (Monochoria korsakowii), designated a critically endangered species by the Red Databook of Kyoto Prefecture 2015, was discovered at Shosei-en Garden, which neighbors and belongs to Higashi Honganji (Shinshu Otani-ha). This was the first sighting of this flower blooming since 2005, a period of 13 years. The reason for its reappearance may be inferred to be sleeping buried seeds that were reawakened after dredging Ingetsu-chi Pond for conservation repairs. In addition to displaying exhibits at Shosei-en Garden's entrance, Ueyakato Landscape has conducted ex-situ conservation in cooperation with other organizations to maintain the plant's population and genetic diversity. In the future, we hope to grow mizu-aoi in its native habitat once again.

Satoyama is an area forming unique landscapes, consisting of streams, paddy fields, and the forests in the back yards with people’s lives. It is not a typical landscape in Japan, but also in South East Asia. This study focused on the Satoyama-landscape in Que Phong District, North-Central Vietnam, and aimed to elucidate favorable habitats of the golden camellia: Camellia quephongensis as a component of the Satoyama-landscape. We selected two populations of this species, and conducted surveys on geological, geomorphological, and vegetational characteristics of this species’ habitat. It revealed that C. quephongensis inhabited secondary or riparian forests on the steep and south-facing slopes in the low altitude less than 300 m, and canopies were closed with openness less than 35 %. The study area contains two forest types in the variable of height: tall one and middle one, and the former possibly provide the habitat for this species and latter could be a potential habitat. Based on this speculation, total management of the regional landscape is vital to consider even for species conservation.

In the city park renovation plan that went into effect in March 2021, Hyogo Prefecture points out that recreation that c an be enjoyed by individuals or small groups should be promoted with how about creating a self -study application that supports observation of living things in the park. Therefore, in this project, based on interviews with administrators, fieldwork, and surveys of famous landscapes, digital orienteering that uses digital tools to learn about nature, landscapes, and history with play a t Akashi Park (the program that displays a quiz when a QR code attached in the park is read with an iPad or smartphone, and the following points are displayed when answered). As a result of the practice targeting general visitors and the third graders of Akashi Elementary School, it was confirmed that the actual experience became richer and led to the promotion of subjective awareness, a nd areas with low usage frequency can be used more effectively.

With the increase in severe heavy rainfall caused by climate change, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and prefectures have begun flood control efforts in watersheds. In July 2020, Kumagawa river was severely flooded, and t he municipal of Kumamoto has declared natural flood management policy with green businesses called “green watershed-based f lood control.” Japan Science and Technology Agency and more than 15 organizations started a project to enhance catchment- based flood management and sustainable society in the Kumagawa area. One of the goals of the project is to create businesses collaborating with flood control management in the target region. To create a business in the region, a study tour has been launched to aim following goals. 1. disseminate the concept and methods of the catchment-based flood management. 2. improve local s cientific literacy. 3. expected economic benefits. 4. promotion of regional cooperation. This paper introduces the tour and examines t he survey of participants of the tour. Using SD survey method, this examines if the goal 1 is accomplished or not. As a result of t he survey, the tour proved to be effective in promoting the concept of green natural flood management to the participants.