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Volume 1956 (1956)
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Volume 1956, Issue 18
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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KIYOSUKE SASAKI1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 3
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
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YOSHIO TANIGUCHI1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 4
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
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ZENZO NISHIDA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 5
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
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SHIGEO MUROMACHI1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 6-8
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
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TAKUICHI MORINAGA, TSUNEO TAKAHASHI, SENNOSUKE TAKAHASHI1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 9-14
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContinuous casting of metals has long been developed in non-ferrous industry extensively.
From our valuable experiences as well as from the result of the present researches, we have worked out certain improved features of proper operation.
The elements shown in Fig. 1 are the holding furnace, its spout, the watercooled upper mold and lower mold, which travels downwards at a constant rate controlled by a turbine pump. Immediately below the upper mold, spray rings direct the water, up to 80l/min. spraying on casting metal to provide effective cooling for solidification. The molten metal is first poured into the turndish (Fig. 2), which is an iron box lined with rammed refractories.
The mold machined from a solid block of copper to the shape of 160×240mm rectangle, and the water enters from the lower part and comes up to the top of the mold. Table. 2 and Table 5 show the summaries of the data obtained in running the continuous casting machine.
A series of tests was also carried out changing the number of holes and their positions in a distributer as shown in Fig. 3. The appearance of the coarse dendritic grain (banana-like) changed depending upon the number of holes and their positions, and we found that the four-hole type was favorable as a rule.
Table 3 and 6 show the mechanical properties of annealed sheets which are rolled from the continuously cast slabs.
Directionality in a sheet is appearently seen in the transversal direction to the rolling. Blisters appeared in a sheet are dispersed like particles, instead of being segregated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1601K) -
HIROSHI FUJITA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 15-22
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBecause of the continuity of material and stress at the grain boundaries or the mutual interaction of neighbouring grains, the mechanism of deformation in the polycrystal is more complex than the single crystal, and the prominent heterogeneity of deformation is developed from grain boundaries.
About these heterogeneities, there are following mechanisms:
(1) Comparatively wide range fragmentation depends on the difference in crystal rotation between neighbouring grains. (2) Fragmentation depends on the presence of unpredict slips, which is also due to the interaction of neighbouring grains.
In the former case, the unpredict slip was generated naturally in the fragmented region. On the contrary, fragmentation in the latter case is the resultant.
The rate of fragmentation which has four types of mechanism and is important one in severe deformation becomes prominent with increasing the rate of deformation, and leads to the size of 10-6cm order.
On the other hand, deformation bands or others was proceeded inside indivisual grains as well as in single crystals, but it may be less significant for the heterogeneity of deformation in polycrystals as compared with heterogeneities mentioned above.View full abstractDownload PDF (2842K) -
ON THE ORANGE PEEL, STRETCHER STRAIN MARKINGS AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICSYUSO NAKAMURA, MOTOI NISHISAKA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 23-29
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReflectal alloy (99.99%Al added 0.5-2%Mg) is now widely used for reflector, jewellery and fittings etc. in every country.
It was recently detected that stretcher strain markings phenomenon, so called Flamboyant markings, appears on the surface of the commercial aluminium sheet containinged Mg, so authers carried out the investigation of this phenomenon whether it should appear on the surface of super-purity based Al-Mg alloy sheet or not. Furthermore, other characteristics, i. e. the appearance of orange peel, mechanical properties, reflectivety and corrosion resisting were investigated again, and then following results were obtained.
This phenomenon should occur on the 99.99%Al-2%Mg sheet by slight extension (1-2%) after annealing at low temperature, such as about 300°C, but don't occur on the 99.99%Al-0.8%Mg sheet. It seems that the smaller recrystallized grain size is, the more distinct marking appears in the range of 0.015-0.028mm mean diameter. The local bending angle by these markings calculated from interference micrograph is abut 16-18′. And other characteristies are recognized again to be very excellent.View full abstractDownload PDF (1937K) -
MEASUREMENTS OF RECRYSTALLIZATION RATE GROWTH RATE AND NUCLEATION RATE FOR 3S SHEETKYOJI SHIMIZU, YOSHIZO NAKATANI, TAKEHIKO ITO1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 30-35
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecrystallization rate (R), growth rate (G), nucleation rate (N), and as-recrystallized grain size for 3S sheets elongated 5, 10 or 15% have been measured, The results are as follows;
(1) R, G and N increase with increasing deformation and annealing temperature (Fig. 1-10), but activation energies QR, QG and QN respectively decrease with raising the working degree. (Fig. 4).
(3) As-recrystallized grain sizes get larger with lowering the annealing temperature and with the decrease of the degree of elongation. These grain sizes become finer with the increase of the values of N/G (Fig. 13).
(2) N and N/G steadily increase with deformation, but G rapidly increases toward about 10% elongation and then onward changes slowly. (Fig. 14).View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
T. MORINAGA, T. IKENO1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 36-38
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Incubation time is affected by aging temperature, concentration and additional element.
2. The higher the temperature the shorter the incubation time reached. This fact is important factors controlling the incubation time.
3. The smaller the concentration of solvent, the longer the incubation time reached. The incubation time is slightly affected by the internal stress of alloys and the internal slip caused by quenching. The additional elements contributed to retarding the age hardening were making a solid solution with aluminium and to have too late diffusion velocity.
More effective for retarding the age hardening are the additional metals which produce harmless compounds.
The age hardening is also slightly affectedd by the atom radius. Especially in the case of the precipitation-type alloys, this is remarkable.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
MASAAKI YANAGISAWA, MOTOYUKI NAKAMURA, SHIGERU MATSUO1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 39-45
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecrystallization of cold rolled Al containg Th, W, Co or Misch-Metal individually has been studied on the beginning temperature of recrystallization and recrystallization texture. The beginning temperature of recrystallization has been determined by means of X-ray method and hardness measurement.
Furthermore, the grain structure of castings and the rolling texture of these alloys has been investigated. The results obtained are as follows:
1) Th, Co or Misch-Metal has little effect respecting to the grain refining of Al castings, although at the high concentration of Th and Misch-Metal, the inner part of ingot is consisted of equi-axial grains.
2) W has much effect respecting to the grain refining and when the content is above 0.2%, fine equi-axial grains are found. From the view point of crystal structure, it appesrs that WAl5 does not become nucleus.
3) Cold rolled plates of these alloys have fibre structure of which axes are [111] parallel to the direction of rolling.
4) Al-Th, Al-Co and Al-W can be rolled without rolling cracks, but as for Al-Misch Metal, above 5% rare earch content, rolling become somewhat difficult.
5) Excepting lower Th content alloy, beginning temperature of recrystallization of Al-Th are about 100°C and for Al-Co about 150°C, as for Al-W, the temperature of recrystallization elevates higher than pure Al.
The recrystallization begins 300°C for Al-Misch Metal, and the recrystallization texture have the fibre structure whose common axes are the same as the rolling texture.
6) Recrystallized macro-structure is fine in the order of Al-Misch Metal, Al-Co, Al-W and Al-Th.View full abstractDownload PDF (2157K) -
MASAAKI YANAGISAWA, SHIGERU MATSUO, MOTOYUKI NAKAMURA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 46-51
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCold rolled Al-rich solid solutions containing Li, Mg or Zn have been studied on the work-hardening, recrystallization and anneal-hardening by means of X-ray Laue method and hardness measurement.
The measurements have been carried out on the specimens annealed at 100-500°C for these Al alloy plates which have been rolled about 92-95%.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The rolling Al-Li alloy of comparatively high content of Li is somewhat difficult, but those of low content, of Li, and of Al-Mg and Al-Zn alloys are easy.
2) Beginning temperatures of recrystallization of Al-Li and Al-Zn are about 250°C and 200°C respectively.
3) The Al-Mg alloys containing 1.17% and 1.29%Mg begin to recrystallize at about 250°C and at 200°C respectively. It seems that there is a maximum recrystallization temperature in Al-Mg containing 1-2%Mg.
4) Anneal-hardening has been found in Al-Mg and Al-Zn when annealed at 100°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1931K) -
CONSIDERATION OF PIPE MAKING BY DIRECT EXTRUSIONYOSHIKAZU HOSOI, MAMORU YUKAWA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 52-58
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, it is described the effect of mandrel size on extrusion pressure for pipe making of Pb and Sn, various properties of pure Al pipe, and the doudle pipe making by direct extrusion.
By studing these problems mentioned above, the results obtained are as follows:
(1) When the pipe is extruded by the same form die and the different mandrel in dia., max. or min. extrusion pressure is proportional to A1/A2.
If by the same mandrel in dia. and the different die in form, it is proportional to the logarithmic A1/A2.
(2) Hardness of pure Al pipe is higher in outerside and is mild at inerside. And it is ununi form at the head of pipe.
(3) Double pipe extrusion pressure vs. stroke curves resemble to one of pure metal bar extrusion.
And it is uniform in thickness ratio of double pipe at high temperature extrusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
YOSHISHIGE TSUMURA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 59-65,58
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral Al Alloys of Al-Si-Cu system are widely used for casting because of their good castability and suitable mechanical properties. In these alloys the effect of modification is properly expected when they contain much Si. But no systematic study has been obtained so far as the Si content from which the effect of modification becomes remarkable or the relation between modification and Cu content.
In this study, mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation and Rockwell hardness) and microstructure of Al-Si-Cu alloys containing 4-12% of Si and 0-4% of Cu have been examined both in normal and modified condition by addition of 0.02% of metallic Na. Effects of Ca, Ba, Bi and Sb which have the effect of modification on Silumin in former report on Al-4Si-4Cu, Al-6Si-4Cu and Al-8Si-2Cu alloys most generally used in Al-Si-Cu system have been also studied. Added composition and mechanical properties are shown in Table. 2 using 99.7% Al and mother alloys shown in Table. 1.
Relations between mechanical properties and Si or Cu content in normal and modified condition are shown in Fig. 1-4, and effect of Ca, Ba, Bi and Sb are shown in Fig. 5, microstructure in chill cast condition is shown in Photo. 1-16. Diameter of primary Si by microscopic measurement is shown in Table. 3. The results obtained may be summarized as follows;
(1) Addition of Na is very effective to refine eutectic needle-shaped Si even in the case containing 4% of Si in Al-Si-Cu alloy and increases its elongation, but not so effective on tensile strength. It becomes effective on tensile strength when Si content of Al-Si-Cu alloy exceeds more than 6%.
(2) Al-Si-Cu alloy containing 8-10% of Si and about 2% of Cu is modified by addition of Na and its tensile strength is 25-26%kg/mm2 and its elongation is 7-10% without any heat treatment.
(3) Mechanical properties of Al-12 Si-4 Cu alloy decrease severely by addition of Na as compared with normal condition because primary Si grows abnormally large as shown in Photo. 12.
(4) Ba or Ca refines the structure of Al-Si-Cu alloy and increases its mechanical properties but it is not so effective as Na.
(5) Sb is more effective on mechanical properties than Ba or Ca, but not so as Na. Bi has little effect on modification of Al-Si-Cu alloy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2379K) -
TOMONOBU KANNO, TORAZO UEHARA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 66-75
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper on the shrinkage formula of die casting and gravity casting, we explained the nature of shrinkage, and said that it must differ in the case of the casting with cores from that of the casting without cores.
In this paper we tried to ascertain whether the shrinkage formula was corret or not and whether the nature of shrinkage deduced from the formula was in accord with the results of the experiment.
This experiment showed that the shrinkage coefficient of castings is nearly the same as the one inferred from the shrinkage formula.
But in some castings slight differences were visible. The cause of these differences is not yet found.
The nature of shrinkage coefficient which we came to know was:
(1) On the casting with cores.
(A) Shrinkage coefficient varied according to the temperature of each die and casting.
In the early process of casting when the temperature of die and casting was low, shrinkage coefficient was small, and later as the temperature rose coefficient also became large, and in the last stage it became nearly constant.
(B) Shrinkage coefficent was influenced by the shots number per hour.
(C) Casting temperature did not give direct influence upon the shrinkage coefficient, but generally shrinkage coefficent became larger with raising the casting temperature.
(D) Shrinkage coefficient differed according to the surface condition of the dies, that is, it was small in the earliest period but after about 10 thousand shots it became larger, because the die cavity surface was covered with oil and an oxidation film.
(E) Shrinkage coefficient varied in every part of the same casting because the temperature of a die or a casting differed according to each part of the die or casting.
And the products could not have exactly the same figure of the die.
(2) On the casting without cores.
Shrinkage coefficient became linearly small in proportion to the rise of die temperature and was not influenced by the casting temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1269K) -
ICHIJI OBINATA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 76-85
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two sorts of hard spot which appears in the products of die-casting, one is of metallic and the other of non-metallic nature. The former is chiefly of primary crystals of various intermetallic compounds containing iron and manganese, as shown in Table. 1 and Photo. 1, a-h.
The latter or hard spot of non-metallic nature has also been detected in some products of diecasting (Photo. 4-Photo. 8), as the causes of which the reaction products between the material of crucible or fire-clays and the molten alloy as well as the slag itself contained in the crude silicon have been pointed out.
Some remedies according as the causes of hard spot have been suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (3981K) -
RIEI ICHIKAWA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 86-90
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe research on the recrystallization temperature of high purity magnesium to which several alloying elements of slight quantity, Ag, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Si, Sn, Zn and Ce added as impurities was carried out by means of hardness test and X-rays investigation.
Results obtained were as follows:
1. Long range between beginning and finishing temperature of recrystallization was obtained on magnesium which contained Fe, Mn, Si and Ce as impurity, The beginning was 125°-175°C, and the finishing was 300°-350°C.
2. The recrystallization temperature was of the same as high purity magnesium or was slightly higher than it, on magnesium which contained Ag, Al, Cd, Cu, Sn and Zn as impurity. The beginning was 100°-150°C, and the finishing was 225°-300°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (2050K) -
RIEI ICHIKAWA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 91-97
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of kind and quantity of alloying elements upon the recrystallization in seven kinds of high purity magnesium binary alloys having same components was researched.
By means of hardness test and X-rays analysis, the beginning and finishing temperature of the recrystallization was investigated on specimens of α-solid solution or super saturated solid solution structure compressed at room temperature.
Results obtained were as follows:
1. The recrystallization temperature of alloys containing Al, Cd, Sn and Zn was slightly higher than that of high purity Mg or almost the same as it. Scarcely no change was shown on the recrystallization temperature by amount of alloying element.
2. In the case of alloys containing Cu and Mn, the beginning temperature was fairly higher than that of high purity Mg, and the finishing was fairly higher than that of it when alloy had α-solid solution structure at annealing temperature and was slightly higher (in the alloy contained Cu) or fairly higher (in the alloy contained Mn) when alloy had two phase structure at annealing temperature.
3. The recrystallization temperature was remarkably higher than that of high purity Mg in the case of containing Ce.View full abstractDownload PDF (1911K) -
KEIZO NISHIMURA1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 98-102
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe usefulness of nitrogen as the heating atmosphere of titanium was examined and evaluated by comparing with air atmosphere which is undesirable to titanium, and argon atmosphere which is inert to titanium. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Increase in weight by heating is much less in nitrogen than in air.
(2) With molten caustic soda, the nitride formed on the surface of titanium in nitrogen atmosphere can be removed fairly easily than the oxide formed in air atmosphere.
(3) Embrittlement of titanium due to contamination by atmospheric gas is fairly less with nitrogen than with air.
(4) Putting all the results together, it may be said that as the heating atmosphere of titanium nitrogen is generally superior to air, especially in the case of heating at above 800°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1095K) -
TOJIRO KOBAYASHI1956 Volume 1956 Issue 18 Pages 103-107
Published: March 31, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1641K)
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