巻号一覧
1956 巻 (1956)
- 21 号 p. 3-
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1956 巻, 20 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1～19を表示しています
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佐々木 次郎1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 3-8
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (963K) -
清水 滋, 内田 弘, 及川 武夫, 伊藤 雄一郎1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 9-17
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーIt can be said from the present available reports of foreign countries on studies on monovalent aluminium that although halides are used on producing and refining aluminium and there are some patents for practical apparatus, it has not risen yet above the experimental stage. Even among the theoretical reports on this subject, there is hardly any that makes clear the real characteristics and properties of monovalent aluminium.
Therefore at first the equilibrium and reaction velocity, of the following reaction in which monovalent aluminium is produced were studied: AlCl3+2Al_??_3AlCl
Then the utilization of this reation for obtaining pure aluminium from impure aluminium and alumina ores was studied as follows:
(1) In the equilibrium in which a monovalent aluminium compound in the form of AlCl is produced between liquidus aluminium (I) and gaseous aluminium chloride, (II) the equilibrium constant was measured and moreover the reactivity of (I) and (II) was observed under reduced pressure.
(2) The reactions when gaseous AlCl3 is introduced to a mixture of Al2O3 and C are as follows. (Al2O3+3C+Cl2→2AlCl+3CO)…(1)' Al2O3+3C+AlCl3→3AlCl+3CO…(1) 3AlCl→2Al+AlCl3…(2)
From calculating the variation of the free energy it was found that this reaction of the method of obtaining metallic Al by decomposing the aluminium monochloride produced by reduction and at the same time chlorination of the raw material containing alumina is carried out at about 1400°C.
Pure aluminium can only be obtained by the reaction of Al2O3+3C+AlCl3.
(3) However, when SiO2 is present in the material of the vessel in which the reactions take place, besides the above reactions (1) and (2), other reactions of SiO2(s) +C(s)+AlCl3(g) group, and Al+SiO2→Al2O3+Si occur together, and a mixture of SiO2-Si-Al2O3 is found on the cooling pipes. The formation mechanism of this reaction was also studied.
(4) Therefore, this method in which aluminium ores, such as kaolinite or bauxite, containing SiO2 is reduced to Al and at the same time seperated from the impurities proved to be impractical because the reaction, (SiO2+C+AlCl3), takes place to considerable extent at lower temperatures than the reaction, (Al2O3+C+AlCl3), does抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1096K) -
純アルミニウムの凝固速度について中尾 善信1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 18-24
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe rate of solidification of pure aluminium was measured by the dip-stick method. The molten metal was poured into a specially designed asbestos cylinder, in which a directional solidification was fixed by cooling from the bottom. To control the rate of solidification the experiments were performed under the following conditions, namely, water cooling with bottom plate of stainless steel or of mild steel; cooling by small amount of water; air cooling.
The calculation of the rate of solidification was carried out based on the theory of the heat conduction. The experimental results were compared with calculated ones and a food agreement was established.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (763K) -
一方向に凝固した純Alの鋳造組織について中尾 善信1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 25-33
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーMacro-structures of pure aluminiums (99.9-99.3%Al), which were solidified upwards under various conditions, were examined. The conditions were as follows: continuous cooling by water or blast, interrupted cooling by combination of water and air cooling, agitation of moltem metal during solidification, and solidifications in metallic moulds.
In macro-structure of these specimens, the columnar structure appeared in the lower part and granular one was formed on the former structure.
The size of columnar crystal and its range were influenced by purity of Al and cooling condition. Granular crystals which were formed on the columnar crystals seemed to settle from the surface of the melt.
Agitation of melt during solidification disturbed the growth of columnar structure and solidification in metallic mould produced the fine columnar crystal of narrow range.
By X-ray and optical methods the axis of columnar crystals were tested and the axis of the specimen agreed with the direction of (100).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2791K) -
結晶粒の沈降について中尾 善信1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 34-40
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーIn the macro structure of pure aluminium which were solidified upwards, the columnar structure appeared in the lower part of specimens and granular one was formed on it. The granular crystals seemed to settle from the surface of melt. (the 2nd report) To confirm the settling of the grains the following experiments were performed:
(1) To prevent the formation of nucleus the top of melt was heated.
(2) To accelerate the formation of nucleus the top was sprayed.
(3) The melt was cooled in a cylinder inclined 45°.
(4) The melt was cooled in a cylinder having a obstacle plate in it.
(5) Chemical analysis of Ti was carried out.
According to the results of these examinations, it was confirmed that the granular crystals in the upwards solidified specimens were just these grains which had settled from the surface of melt.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2284K) -
核発生速度と核成長速度について中尾 善信1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 41-44
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe size and number of grains in cast metal depend on the rate of nucleation and growth of nucleus during solidification. The author set up an integral equation under several assumptions. The time of solidification, diameter of the largest grain, and the number of grains after solidification were calculated by solving the equation. These terms contained the rate of nucleation and the rate of growth as variables.
Pure Aluminiums of several purities (99.99-99.3%Al) were cooled and solidified under various conditions. For these specimens the number of grains and the diameter of the largest grain on the cooled surface were measured. These resuslt were compared with analytical ones and good agreement was gained. From the solidification curve for it, the rate of growth for a specimen, were derived and the relations between the purity, the rate of nucleation, and the rate of growth were obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (427K) -
最終燒鈍板の方向性に及ぼす熱間圧延の影響池田 栄三, 川口 清1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 45-54
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーIn the industrial rolling process of Al sheet, the cold rolling process practically follows immediately to hot rolling process without intermediate annealing. In this case, the hot rolling conditions may have effects on the anisotropy of final annealing sheets.
So, we examined, by eare tests, these. effects on the anisotropy of final annealing sheets made of a semi-continuously cast slab (S. C. C. S.) and a book-mold cast slab (B. M. C. S.), both cold rolled in one way and cross way.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The ear values of sheets of S. C. C. S. are not always higher than those of B. M. C. S. but can be made even lower by selecting the proper hot rolling temperature, and are more severely affected by hot rolling temprerature than those of B. M. C. S., in which these effects are almost negligible. (See Fig. 8, 9)
(2) Although it has been generally considered that the cross rolling gives lower ear value than one way rolling, it seems to be not always so. (See Fig. 8, 9)
(3) In this experiment, both slabs were treated by the same processes after hot rolling, therefore the difference in anisotropies of final sheets made of both slabs should indicate the effects of orientation of cast grains resulted from both casting methodes.
(4) The temper of as-hot-rolled plate at 400°C coresponds to I/2 H. When it is annealed, it softens gradually up to 450°C, but in high temperature annealing 600-640°C it rather hardens. (See Fig. 4) Consequently, ears of final annealed sheets become higher at 0-90° directions until the intermediate annealing temperature reaches about 400°C, but when the temperature rises over 400°C, the height of ear becomes lower and then finally the direction changes to 45°. (See Fig. 15)
(5) The effects of hot rolling as the antecedents on mechanical properties, can be removed by subsequent intermediate or final annealing, but the effects on ears can never be removed. (See Fig. 13, 14, 15)
(6) The pattern appeared on the anodized surface of the sheets made of S. C. C. S. can not be industrially removed by hot or cold rolling and annealing. The only way to cover it is cladding process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1843K) -
山田 始1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 55-57
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーAfter solution treatment, the specimens of the Al-Mg alloys containing Mg of practical amount were tempered at 100°, 150°, 175°, 200°, and 250°C, and electric resistance and hardness of each specimen were measured.
As a result an abnormal reduction of electric resistance and hardness were found in each specimen tempered at around 150°C.
The author investigated these abnormalities as well as the relations between the abnormalities and stress corrosion to which these alloys are apprehended to be vulnerable.
The results
(1) when the Al-Mg alloys of supersaturated solid solution are tempered, those annealed at 150°C show abnormal reduction of electric resistance and hardness.
(2) These abnormalities decrease with the addition of Sn, Pb, Cd, etc. to the Al-Mg the alloys.
(3) These abnormalities do not seem to have much to do with stress corrosion which these alloys are apprehended to be vulnerable to.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
第3報Al-(Ca,Zr)及びAl-Mg-(Ca,Mn,Zr)の性質中村 雄造, 西坂 基1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 58-67
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that the super-purity aluminium foil containing a small amount of Mg is being Practically used as it has superior properties, for dielectric capacity, except its grain size being a little unstable after annealing.
In this paper, investigation was carried out on the dielectric properties of super-purity Al-Mg foil with Ca, Mn, or Zr added, and super-purity Al-(Ca, Zr) foils.
As a result, it was found that super-purity Al-Mg foils containing less than 0.02% Mn was superior on formation time and super-purity Al-Mg-Zr with 0.03% Zr had greater capacity and its grain size was considerably smaller than the others.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1577K) -
柳沢 正昭, 中村 元志, 松尾 茂, 網谷 俊男1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 68-75,44
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリー99.99%, 99.5%Al and several kinds of Al alloys containing small amounts of Zr were studied on the casting structure and recystallization by means of hardness measurments, X-ray methods and tensile testings. Results obtained were as follows:
1) 99.99%Al-Zr alloy had refined casting grains for Zr content of more than 1%, and had high recrystallization temperature.
2) 99.5%Al-Zr alloy had a high recrystallization commencing temperature, which was 400°C in case of 0.3%Zr, and had refined grains for Zr content of more than 0.5%
3) Si had a marked effect on the recrystallization temperature of pure Al-Zr alloys.
4) Zr had small effect on the recrystallization temperature of Al-5%Mg alloy, but a marked effect on refining of the grain
5) Al-0.1%B-0.58%Zr alloy had a very high recrystallization temperature and perfectly refined equiaxial grains
6) 52S-and 61S-Zr alloys had a little higher recrystallization temperature respectively when worked by 50%. Their corrosion resistance, however, were not changed by the addition. Zr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1522K) -
潮田 豊治, 吉村 修, 井上 重雄1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 76-80
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe authors found that pure aluminium foil and a small piece of Al-Fe mother alloy con- raining large amount of Fe, were easily dissolved in sulfuric acid of suitable concentration, and established a rapid volumetric method of determination of iron in aluminium foil and Al- Fe mother alloy by decomposition with sulfuric acid.
By this method the iron in sample can be dissolved in H2SO4 as Fe2+ without using any reducing reagent.
The presence of a micro-amount of Ti and V are found to prevent disturbing.
The presence of Cu is harmful but it can be removed by filtration.
The procedure of this method can be carried out in 10-20 minutes, its manipulation and apparatus are simple, the cost is low, and it provides precise result.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (581K) -
縮代(其の4)菅野 友信, 植原 寅蔵1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 81-87
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper deals with the shrinkage of the casting in the molds with core. We analysed the casting process by time range to know the temperature of casting when it was ejected out from the core, because the shrinkage of casting is quite up to the temperature of casting.
The temperatures were as follows:
(1) Shringage varied according to the die temperature.
(2) It varied according to the time interval in which the casting was laid in the die.
(3) It varied according to the thickness of the wall of casting.
(4) It varied according to the temperature of die cavity surface.
From the above result, we could determine the shrinkage coefficent of the die to be designed. In the previous report the calculated shrinkage coefficent differed by 0-1.6×10-3 from the measured value.
So that we must correct the previous formula and set up a new shrinkage formula as follows: ΔL=α(ts-20)-αf(tf-20)+σt/Et α: Expansion coefficent of casting. ts: Temperature of casting when it was ejected out. αf; tf: Expansion coefficent and temperature of die. σt, Et: Elastic limit and Young's modulus of casting at ts.
From the present experiments we realized that this formula was more exact than the previous one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (825K) -
1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 87
発行日: 1956年
公開日: 2008/10/30
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松岡 新, 上野 春雄1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 88-92
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーWith the aim of finding out suitable paints for sheets of aluminium for architectural purposes, each of the paints for final paintings such as Glypton, Kaktas Enamel, Vinal, Lacquer-Enamel, Oil Enamel was combined with Wash Primer or Zinca, and was sprayed on to aluminium sheets and exposed to the open air for 400 days. Test-pieces were taken from these sheets, and on carrying out inspection of outward appearance and bending tests, the following facts were observed. These experiments were carried out at a place of 720 metres above sea-level having the lowest temperature of 11°C below zero, and the highest temperature of 32°C, and we are submitting this report on the experiments as it could be considered that the weathering tests are of some significance.
1. Even thouth the priming treatments and first coating of paints are applied, Oil Enamel is the least resistant to weathering and is difficult to put it into practical use.
2. With the exception of using Vinal alone, Glypton, Kaktas Enamel and Vinal sufficiently achieve the aim of protecting the surface of the metal.
3. Wash Primer and Zinca are definitely good paints to be applyed on to aluminium sheets.
4. As the number of days of exposure to the open air increases, flexibility and adhesiveness decrease considerably.
5. With the combination of Wash Primer and Oil Enamel, coating of Wash Primer peeled off from the surface of the metal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (813K) -
市川 理衛1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 93-98
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーStudies on recrystallization temperature of commercial purity magnesium prepared by vacuum evaporation process and super high purity magnesium obtained by repeated vacuum evaporation, were carried out by X-ray analysis.
Influences on recrystallization temperature of working degree, purity of magnesium, working temperature, annealing time and temperatute, crystal grain size before working and aging at room temperature were investigated.
Results obtained were as follows:
1) Recrystallization temperature didn't much vary according to the working degree above 10%.
2) The beginning and the end temperature of recrystallization of the re-evaporated high purity magnesium were the lowest; 75°-100°C and 208°-225°C respectively. Those of the commercial purity magnesium were the highest.
3) The beginning temperature of recrystallization of evaporated high purity magnesium worked at 200°C was 150°-175°C and the same specimen workcd at 400°C recrystallized while working operation.
4) Relation between the reciprocal of the absolute annealing temperature and the logarithm of the annealing time was linear in three kinds of pure magnesium.
5) The recrystallization temperature of the specimens having average large crystal grain before working was higher than that having small grain.
6) The recrystallization of re-evaporated high purity magnesium began for the first time after aging for 100 days at room temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (994K) -
Mg-R.E.合金押出材の再結晶及び時効硬化寺井 士郎1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 99-105
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーRecrystallization and aging phenomena of Mg-R. E. alloy extrusions were studied, and the results obtained were as follows:
(1) Tensile properties of Mg-R. E. extrusions were lower than that of ordinary Mg-alloy extrusions (Mg-Al-Zn, Mg-Mn etc.) at room temperature.
(2) Difference of tensile properties of Mg-R. E. extrusions according to the position in specimen taken, was larger than those of ordinary Mg-alloy extrusions.
(3) The grain growth of Mg-R. E. extrusions by heating was less than that of ordinary Mg alloys. For example, the grain size of AZ 61 was growing markedly by heating over 350°C but that of Mg-R. E. alloy was gradually growing under the same condition.
(4) Mg-R. E. alloy showed two step age-hardening, and its temperature range was from 100°C to 200°C. Maximum hardness was obtained by the treatment described as follows: Solution heat treatment was 550°C×20hr, and precipitation heat treatment was 150°C×12hr but in the industrial case it was suitable that solution heat treatment was 550°C×16hr and precipitation heat treatment was 200°C×16hr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1651K) -
梶崎 千代利1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 106-117
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
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久保 富夫1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 118-122
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
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小林 藤次郎1956 年 1956 巻 20 号 p. 123-132
発行日: 1956/08/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
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