Aluminum anodic oxide film with a two-layer structure was successfully prepared by a two-step anodic oxidation process in two solutions of phosphoric acid (H
3PO
4) and sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4). The two-layer structure consists of the upper layer with wide pores and the lower layer with narrow pores. Subsequently, titanium dioxide (TiO
2) was electrodeposited into wide pores in upper layer. The TiO
2 content in the obtained sample depended on the concentration of TiO
2 sol, pH and the migration voltage during electrodeposition. The hardness, corrosion resistance and sealing degree of the sample with TiO
2 were almost the same as that of the sealed sample without TiO
2. On the other hand, the electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement indicated that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were generated from the prepared sample by the irradiation of ultraviolet light. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity to
Escherichia coli of the anodic oxide film of aluminum electrodeposited TiO
2 was higher than that without TiO
2. These results suggested that the two-layered anodic oxide film of aluminum electrodeposited with TiO
2 would be a novel photocatalytic antimicrobial material.
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