巻号一覧
7 巻, 4 号
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森永 卓一1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 3-5
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
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1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 5
発行日: 1957年
公開日: 2008/10/30
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(第1報)偏析に関する基礎的研究について室町 繁雄1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 6-17
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーInverse segregation in aluminium alloys, especially in duralumin ingot, is a well-known phenomenon, but its mechanism is not yet clear. So the author made an investigation on the said phenomenon. Specimens of aluminium-copper (4%) ingots were melted and crystallized into several moulds (Fig. 9-12). From the cooled plane to the other side of the ingots, the hardness of each grain was measured using a micro-hardness tester. Chemical analyses and microscopic determinations were also made. Between the chill and columnar layer of the ingots, the auther found a minimum in copper content and in hardness, and the position of this minimum point (Fig. 16) differs from that hitherto known. This minimum point moves toward the inside of the ingots with an increase of cooling rate. The occurence of this minimum point seems to be explained by the theory of supercooling (Fig. 28). Furthermore, the author made a similar investigation of the inverse segregation in industrial aluminium 4% copper slabs, which were prepared by casting in tilting mould and Züblin mould (Fig. 13, 14).
The result obtained are shown in the schematic diagram (Fig. 27). In the diagram, we see a curve consisting of two portions AB and CD, the former being explained by the supper cooling theory and the latter by the contraction theory respectively. This diagram sugests that the continuous casting is a very good method for obtaining sound slab ingots.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2198K) -
(第2報)半連続鋳造について室町 繁雄1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 18-27
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーUsing the continuos casting apparatus, alumiminium-copper 4% slabs were made under various conditions, and the author investigated the segregation that appeared in the slabs obtained. The results are as follows: The degree of segregation is very low when the conditions of casting-casting speed, casting temperature, descending speed and cooling speed-are suitable. The stsucture of the slabs is shown in photo. 3, in which fine granular structure can be seen just as was expected from the diagram of the 1st Report, Fig. 27.
Phenomenon of periodic segregation, appeared in the surface of continuous casting slabs, has attracted our attention since the same problem was reported by G. Siebel in 1953. And the author studied the periodic segregation of 2S aluminium ingots, which was cast by the apparatus shower in Fig. 4. The effect of casting temperature, decending speed, sump height, cooling speed, mould materials and impurities (Fe, Si) of 2S aluminium on the periodicity of the segregate band are determined, and it is found that the shorter the periodicity of the segregate bandies, the smoother is the surface of the ingot. Furthermore, macro and micro structure and chemical analysis of ingots are examined.
From these results, the mechanisum of the periodic segregation can be explained by using our schematic diagram of the segregation (Fig. 27.). When the ingot is cooled from the mould wall, chill layer appears on the surface of the ingot and the 1st, and 2nd, inverse segregation occurs. By this time, the periodically segregated band does not appear on the surface of the ingot. As the ingot shrinks and leaves the mould wall, the cooling speed of the ingot decreases. Then columnar layer appears on the surface of the ingot and only the 2nd. inverse segregation occurs and sweat appears. Periodically segregated band seems to be the same thing as this sweat.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2370K) -
1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 27
発行日: 1957年
公開日: 2008/10/30
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(第3報)結晶生長におよぼす焼鈍条件および組成の影響について池野 尚志1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 28-37
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe Present report concerns the investigation on the effect of final annealing conditions or composition on the recrystallized grain size in aluminium sheets. The results abtained may be summarized as follows: (1) In the final annealing, heating temperature and time effect more severely the recrystallized grains in 1 S sheet than thoes in 2 S sheet. When the heating time is short the effect of temperature and time is small. (2) For the recrystallized grains, the higher the heating temperature is the larger the effect of heating So, it becomes rate. important to take into consideration not only the heating temperature but heating rate. When the heating temperature is as low as the recrystallization temperature the effects of heating rate and time are very small, (3) In some aluminium alloys, that forms super saturated solid solution the recovery and recrystallization take place slowlier than those of heterogeneous structurs that precipitate and dispers in matrix. The grains recrystallized from the former state are finer in size (Al-Cu, Al-Cu-Mg or Al-Mg-Si alloys) than thoes from the latter state, but in Al-Mn alloy, the grains recrystallized from the latter state are also fine.
The effect of Fe or Si on the recrystallization phenomena of sheets, cold rolled from slab ingots without hot ralling was also investigated. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: (4) In the case of 99.6% aluminium, with the addition of Fe or Si, the form of compounds in ingots changes considerably by heating at 500°C, long and slender compounds being cut into pieces and rounded off at the corners. In the case of 99.99% aluminium by addition of Fe, the grain boundary becomes clerer with the increasing heating hours of ingots, but when only Si is added or Si coexists with Fe, a similar tendency as is the case of 99.6% aluminium takes place. In general the recrystallized micrograin becomes coarser in size and its temperature higher with an in crease of heating time of ingots in the former. On the other hand, in the latter, by the addition of Fe only, the recrystallization temperature becomes lower and the grain size finer with an increase of the heating time of ingots. When Si is added or Si coexists with Fe, a similar phenomenon as the former takes place. In 99.99% aluminium when Si is added to specimens containing constant Fe and heating time of ingots is long, the recrystallization temperature becomes higher and its grain size finer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2539K) -
(第4報)結晶生長と加工歪、含有ガスとの関係について池野 尚志1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 38-44,5
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe relation between the grain geowth and the working strain or gas content is investigated. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: (1) The grain growth are comparatively slow when specimen sar eheated at 300° to 400°C in aluminium sheets cold rolled from 50 to 95%, according to the degree and when they are heated above 450°C, the grain size grain does not grow of cold working. (2) If the size of ingots or working condition in hot rolling are variable, the grain size after recrystallization are different, even if the purity of specimens and final annealing conditions are the same. (3) When specimens are fully annealed starting from the half way of recovery on recrystallization coarser grains are obtained. (4) The abnormal grain coarsening appears at temperature above 500°C, but it is not found at lower temperaturc than 500°C. When the abnormal coarsening occurs the hardness of specimens decreases suddenly. The velocity of coarsening is considerably faster than that of the 1st. recrystallization and the relation between grain size A and heating time t coincides with Becker's formula A=atn. (5) The grain size in the longitudinal section parallel to rolling direction becomes larger than that in the cross section perpendicular to the some direction and the velocity of grain growth is also similar with little diffence. (6) Inhomogeneity degree in structure after recrystallization become a little larger, the softening occurs a little earlier, and the recrystallized grains become a little finer with increasing gas content, however, thess tendencies are so slight that they may be considered negligible in the manufacturing process of aluminium sheets.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1632K) -
山田 始1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 45-50
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of excessive silicon in the Al-Mg-Si alloys containing more silicon than the ratio of Mg2Si, on age-hardening, mechanical properties, corrosion and stress-corrosion resistance was studied and the following results were obtained.
(1) The excessive silicon raised the hardenability of aging of the alloy and reduced the aging time.
(2) Silicon contained in Al-Mg-Si alloy-T6 in the greater ratio than Mg2Si had an effect on tensile strength of the alloy. It was remarkable for the alloy containing 0.65%Mg2Si solution heat treated at 520°C. The tensile strength decrcased with an increase of the amount of Mg2Si Elongation was unchanged except slight fall for alloys containing excessive silicon up to 0.2%. When solution heat treated at 560°C, the alloys containing 1.0%Mg2Si showed remarkable increase of tensile strength and the excessive silicon over 0.5% had the same effect for the alloys containing 0.65%Mg2Si. Elongation decreased with an increase of excessive silicon.
(3) Silicon in O-alloy in the greater ratio than Mg2Si in O-alloy increased tensile strength and elongation. Increase of elongation of the alloy containing 0.65%Mg2Si was striking. The maximum elongation was observed at 0.6% of excessive silicon and elongation decreased with an increase of excessive silicon more than 0.6%.
(4) Electric resistance was increased slightly by the excess silicon. The change was not so remarkable when the excessive silicon was up to 0.2% for the alloys of 0.65% and 1.0%Mg2Si.
(5) Corrosion resistance decreased with an increasc of excessive silicon.
(6) usceptibility of stress corrosion increased with an increase of excessive silicon but it is not so remarkable as the effect by the amount of Mg2Si.
The effect of excessive sillcon would be remarkable for such alloy containing small amount of Mg2Si as A51S. The amount of silicon should be decided by the amount of magnesium in the alloy. Generally speaking, at least 0.2% more silicon than the ratio of Mg2Si is recommendable for such low Mg alloy as Al-Mg (0.45-0.6%) -Si alloy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2007K) -
1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 50
発行日: 1957年
公開日: 2008/10/30
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三島 良績1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 51-57,78
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the optimum ratio of the iron and silicon content in commercial 2 S aluminium to be used for reactor applications, corrosion test has been carried out in distilled water kept at high temperatures between 120° and 300°C in steel autocrave. Pyrex glass reservoir with pyrex lid was used to prevent water from being contaminated by iron ion coming from steel. The glass reservoir contains specimens hanged one by one by cotton string no more resist the attack of water, specimens were heaped with photographic dry plate glass pieces between them.
Weight change of the specimen was measured, an example of which is shown in Fig. 13 a), b), and c). The outlook of the specimens attacked by water at the respective elevated temperatures are shown in Fig. 1-12 photographs. Both results are summarized into Fig. 14, where the numbers of the specimens which showed best corrosion resistance are marked by single circle. Double circle numbers mean that those specimens have corrosion resistance next to that of single circle ones.
It is clearly seen that 2 S aluminium containing iron four times or so as much as silicon has better corrosion resistance in high temperature distilled water. Cold-rolled sheet has slightly better resistance to corrosion than annealed one and grain size seems to play a role. 52 S aluminium alloy, contrary to the conclusions in foreign literatures, is found to be fairly corrosion resistant in high temperature water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1996K) -
第2報 各種添加元素の影響中村 雄造, 杉野 智, 西坂 基1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 58-64
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリー(1) Alloys of 99.9% aluminium with Be, Zn, Cd, Zr, Sb, Bi, Mn, Ni, Co, ctc., (2) 99.9%, 99.5% and 99.2% aluminium with Ni, (3) 2S-1%Ni with Fe, and Mn, and (4) 99.99% aluminium with 0.1-1%Cu were immersed in water at 250°C and the corrosion resistance of these aluminium alloy sheets was investigated. The results were as follows:
1) Addition of the element with high magnetic power such as Ni, Co, Fe, or Mn to 99.99% aluminium improves the corrosion resistant property; Ni being the most effective.
2) Addition of Ni also improves the corrosion resistant property of 99.9% aluminium, 99.5% aluminium, and 2S.
3) Addition of Ni (1%) and Fe (1.2%)to 2S is more effective than that of Ni (1%) and Mn (1.2%).
4) Addition of Cu results in the occurrence of pitting corrosion.
5) By means of electron diffraction method and Debye-Scherrer method. it is found that the oxide of 99.998% aluminium formed in 150°, 200°, and 250° boiling water contains γ Al2 O3•H2O (Boemite).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3567K) -
(第3報)ジルコニウム添加による不純物除去効果市川 理衛1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 65-68,17
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThe refining effects for molten magnesium containing Fe, Cu, Mn, Si and Al as impurities by the addition of Zr were investigated by chemical analysis and corrosion test.
Elements such as Fe, Mn, Si and Al were removed easily in the written order, the first being the easiest. Hence Fe in magnesium was removed nearly perfectly, Mn and Si in magnesium were removed substantially, but Cu in magnesium was not removed by the addition of Zr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (552K) -
(第7報)縮代と変形菅野 友信, 植原 寅蔵1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 69-74
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーShrinkage at various part of a casting was measured. As the degree of the shrinkage varied depending upon the part of measurement, the shape of the cast product was not similar to the cavity, which the authors provisionally called "deformation."
The deformation occured as expected because each part of a casting shrunk according to the shrinkage formula.
Deformations were as follows;
i) The rectangular die cavity formed trapezoid casting.
ii) The circular die cavity formed ellipticasting.
iii) Generally the deformation was influenced by the shape of die cavity and the position of casting gate.
iv) The higher the die temperature, the smaller the deformation. Namely the deformation was large at early period and small at later period of casting operation.
From these measurements we can presume the deformation of casting and select the method to get the desired casting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (716K) -
諸住 正太郎, 武内 朋之1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 75-78
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper deals with the cored structures of Mg-Zr alloy, the center part of which is enriched with Zr, as well as deals with some aspects of annealed structures of them. The mechanism of formation of cored structure is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1763K) -
長崎 久弥, 石田 春雄1957 年 7 巻 4 号 p. 79-85
発行日: 1957/07/31
公開日: 2008/10/30
ジャーナル フリーOxide of titanium has great dielectric constant compared with Al2O3 or Ta2O5, but the film of titanlum oxide obtained by anodic oxidation in solution is not used as electrolytic capaci- tor yet becaure it is not stable and current leakage is very large. Oxidation of titanium in the aquous solution of various salts was tried, but any stable oxide could not be secured.
Then the anodic oxidation in the salt bath of 45%NaNO3 and 55%KNO3 by means of constant current formation method was tried, keeping temperature between 250-350°C and current density about 10mA/cm2, which seemed to be the most suitable condition for formation of stable film.
The remarkable properties of the oxide film thus obtained were as follows:
1. The leakage current was about 5-6 A/cm2.
2. The film was crystalized and its grains were large.
3. The charge and discharge characteristics were very significant.
As for Al2O3 and Ta2O5, the relation between 1/capacity. resistivity and forming-voltage as well as that between capacity-resistivity and forming-voltage were linear. As for TiO2, however, there was no perfect linear relation but some discontinuities were found when the forming voltage was 35-40 volts. These discontinuities might be due to the difference in structure between the oxide film formed below 35 volts and that formed about 40 volts, By the electron diffraction data it was revealed that the former was anatase and the latter rutile.
The thickness of the oxide film was estimated from interference color and Rollet's air film table, assuming that refraction index for anatase was 2, 525 and for rutile 2, 746 respectively, which led to the conclusion that the structure of the oxide film formed prim arily on titanium was anatase with the thickness up to 1, 400Â, and over this thickness it was transformed to rutile by internal strain and in strong electric field through the oxide.
Dielectric constant, ε, of the oxide film calculated from the electric capacity and the film thickness was 80 for anatase and 100 for rutile respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1023K)
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