This research focuses on Japanese-owned overseas subsidiaries which positively develop global production and utilize native employees in the local factories. Here, awareness concerning teamwork in daily production activity is caught as a group process, and the internal structure is considered. The research purpose is to verify the awareness difference from a global aspect based on religion and national wealth. Research was conducted at automobile and electrical industry plants in the USA, UK, Mexico, India, Thailand, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Germany and Japan between 2000 and 2006. In this research, the religions are classified into Eastern and Western. Eastern religions consist of Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, and Western religions consist of Christianity in the wide sense, Protestantism, Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, and the state religion in Britain. National wealth is defined as net gross domestic product per person and is divided into three groups; US$30,000 or more; US$5,000 or more; and US$5,000 or less. Finally, the following hypotheses were accepted through statistical tests and multivariate analyses including discriminant analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. "Teamwork awareness is influenced by religion, and differs between the East and West." "Teamwork awareness is influenced by national wealth, and differs depending on the level of national wealth." "The task orientation and people orientation which form teamwork awareness are influenced by neither religion nor national wealth, and are divided in each respectively."

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Recently, Multi-Process Holding developed in Toyata Production System or Cell Production, is used more often. In these systems, the work posture must be changed from sitting in a chair to standing combined with periodic walking or standing. Standing posture combined with periodic walking is researched as to whether or not there is a difference of workload compared to standing alone and sitting in a chair. However, there have been many studies about fatigue. In this study, I reviewed standing posture combined with periodic walking, standing posture and chair-sitting posture. There are excellent results of field studies about fatigue felt due to work postures, experimental studies about fatigue felt due to work postures, physical change due to work postures, the effects of support chairs, keeping fixed work postures, trends in fatigue felt due to work posture being changed from sitting in a chair to Multi-Process Holding and fatigue felt due to work design. There is not much difference in the fatigue felt due to chair-sitting posture and standing posture combined with periodic walking. Under the compulsion to remain standing or sitting in a chair, workers feel much more tired. In the case of standing posture combined with periodic walking, there is less fatigue felt in workers. The work system, for example cycle time, probably affects the level of fatigue.

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In this paper, we consider the joint distribution of numbers in s-kind of runs in a sequence of independent trials with s possible outcomes in each trial. Though there are four ways of counting the number of runs, we focus on the non-overlapping enumeration scheme (Type I enumeration scheme), and propose an efficient algorithm for evaluating the distributions of the numbers in non-overlapping runs. We give the order of computing time and memory capacity of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we carry out numerical experiments to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with that of the conventional enumeration algorithm with respect to computing time. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the enumeration algorithm.

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Recently, there is high volatility in the global financial market; for example the recession has brought about a strong yen and substantial decline in stock prices. Under these circumstances import-export companies can record huge losses easily. To respond to the various risks, import-export companies can hedge on foreign exchange. However, appreciation in exchange rates may increase losses. Therefore, it is important to make prudent management decisions regarding the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. This study proposes a method of forecasting forward exchange rates which influence enterprise management in global supply chain management. As research subject data, we adopt the six-month forward exchange rate. In addition, constructing a forecasting method using a deterministic model and stochastic model is considered to verify the validity of these forecasting methods. However, the forward exchange rate can not ensure sufficient data length. To solve this problem, the six-month forward exchange rate must have the spot exchange rate and time series on the same time axis. In doing so, it is possible to verify orbital instability and long-term memory in time series data. This research is defined as follows: If research data has orbital instability, highly accurate forecasting can be obtained using a deterministic model. In addition, if research data has a long-term memory, highly accurate forecasting can be obtained using a stochastic model. Finally, the significance of the two forecasting methods is shown by the outcome of forecasting accuracy.

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It is very important to make administration systems efficient. In view of this, we have proposed "Improvement of Waste Administration by New Public Management." However, it is difficult to apply this study to practical operations in administration because technical knowledge is required to use it. The purpose of this study is to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for practical waste administration based on the previous proposal. We have checked this system using a questionnaire.

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