日本経営工学会論文誌
Online ISSN : 2187-9079
Print ISSN : 1342-2618
ISSN-L : 1342-2618
64 巻, 2E 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1~17を表示しています
Special English Issue — Diversity of Applications in Industrial Engineering —
Editorial Preface
Original Paper (Review and Survey)
  • - A Case Study of Failure Cases in Japan -
    Masato TAKANOKURA
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 222-230
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Engineers have a duty and responsibility to create products and processes to improve and enhance the quality of life of the public. Business companies or organizations also assume social responsibility for the public. Unfortunately, some accidents have been reported in Japan such as concealment of motor vehicle recalls, mass food poisoning caused by milk, train derailment accidents and architectural forgery. They arose from errors in decision-making made by engineers and/or other stakeholders as well as from imperfections in the organizational systems. In addition, a severe accident occurred at a nuclear power station in 2011. This accident was caused by a major earthquake and a huge tsunami. However, it should be discussed why this accident was not prevented from the viewpoints of technology and risk management. Public health and welfare has suffered due to such accidents. As most engineers are employees, these accidents are not only the responsibility of engineers but also of other stakeholders in business companies, such as managers and entire companies. Engineers did not accomplish the public mission in these cases. Business companies took inadequate actions in risk management and social responsibility. In addition, the government could not supervise the nuclear power station sufficiently before the severe accident occurred. The public determines whether it is willing to accept the risk or not. Therefore, risk communication is required for all of stakeholders, especially for a high-risk technology. Engineers, business companies and the government should disclose risk information and should communicate with the public. They should also discuss with the public how to use a technology for ethical decision-making.
Original Paper (Theory and Methodology)
  • Takashi HASUIKE
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 231-243
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper considers inventory problems for perishable or deteriorating products to maximize the total profit considering high- and low-priority customers based on the conditional Value-at-Risk (cVaR). The cVaR is a useful risk measure in economics and finance, which satisfies all requirements of ideal risk measures such as coherence and stochastic dominance. In order to apply random sampling derived from known distributions or historical data to our proposed model and to develop an analytical and efficient solution algorithm, the scenario-based solution algorithm is developed by performing equivalent transformations into a linear programming problem. Furthermore, numerical examples are provided to compare our proposed model with the previous standard model based on the expected value for the total profit. Furthermore, the results also show differences from the previous cVaR-based model with only one demand under some random distributions.
  • Takasuke SAITO, Yan-Gang ZHAO
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 244-250
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    A finite element analytical model is presented for the non-linear analysis of RC frame structures. The analytical model consists of the simple elements based on the fiber-section model. The model captures the bond-slip of reinforcement bar and shear deformation of the beam-column joint panel to represent the behavior of RC frames under cyclic loading. The comparisons of the analyses with the test results show that the proposed analytical RC frame model can reproduce well the fundamental characteristics of non-linear RC frame behavior with less computational complexity.
  • - New Approach to Detect the Hand via Finger Configuration -
    Keisuke SHIDA, Ryousuke NAKAJIMA, Dominic Joy POOTHOKARAN
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 251-257
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to prevent human errors in the manufacturing industries, in this paper, a detection method of human error using image analysis is considered using screw tightening work as the target work. The results show that when the worker grasps the driver, the hand has a characteristic where the fingers from second to fifth fingers are parallel and also the high part and low part of the brightness value occur alternatively. It is discovered that through use of this characteristic for image analysis, the position of the hand while grasping the screwdriver is accurately estimated and screw tightening work is analyzed.
  • Hajime MIZUYAMA
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 258-271
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents an intra-company prediction market system as a collective-knowledge-based demand forecasting tool. The system uses the variable interval prediction security (VIPS) to be traded in the market and is controlled by a newly introduced computerized central market maker (CMM). The CMM has a Gaussian forecast distribution and updates the distribution on a batch basis through an inventory-based updating logic according to the transactions of the VIPS in the market. An agent-based simulation and laboratory experiments are performed to confirm whether the proposed system functions properly as a subjective forecasting tool.
  • Yizhou REN, Koichi MIYAZAKI
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 272-283
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, portfolio managers have to optimize their portfolios taking the inflation rate into consideration because many central banks have adopted inflation targeting policies and the asset returns should be influenced by the target inflation rate. In such an investment environment, we model the equity process so that it can depend on an inflation rate that follows the OU process. Accordingly, we derive the expected returns, the volatilities and the correlation matrix, which are key ingredients for the use of the mean-variance model. We also provide an option pricing formula based on our equity model under the hedge-neutral probability measure and generate the future paths of not only the equity prices and the inflation rate but also the option prices. Using the proposed model, it is possible to optimize portfolios including the equity options under several inflation scenarios.
  • Kenichi NAKASHIMA, Thitma SORNMANAPONG
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 284-292
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Designing an effective supply chain and operating it efficiently is one of the most important issues for a large number of organizations. In the automotive industry, the fluctuating market and competitive pressure has forced organizations to create a better way to control their supply chain. One of the most significant approaches to production, which is implemented widely in the automotive industry, is “lean” production. Due to adoption of lean production by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and 1st-tier suppliers, there is a negative effect on 2nd-tier suppliers in terms of order fluctuations. This research examines the cause of demand fluctuation as a risk factor in the supply chain and considers the design of an optimized model taking into account 2nd-tier suppliers and the extent that the demand fluctuation problem can be reduced. Due to a lack of information flow between 1st-tier and 2nd-tier suppliers, demand accuracy is very low. In light of this situation, we consider the Newsboy model to determine the optimal order quantity to maximize the expected profit under different scenarios.
  • Kento IGARASHI, Tetsuo YAMADA, Masato INOUE
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 293-302
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    To promote a closed-loop supply chain for assembled products, disassembly systems are required to recycle End-of-Life (EOL) products. To increase the total recycling rate of products in disassembly systems, it is desirable to keep rather than destroy parts since disassembly costs are increasing. Therefore, a disassembly system design should be considered based on selecting parts for disassembly in order to minimize the recycling cost while maintaining the recycling rate. On the other hand, since the precedence relationships among disassembly tasks also change according to the parts selection, it is required to consider allocation of the tasks in designing a disassembly line. For the disassembly system design, it is also necessary to have disassembled product information such as the recycling rate and profit of each part, disassembly task times and precedence relationships among the disassembly tasks. This study proposes a disassembly system design with environment and economic parts selection, which balances the recycling rate and cost using the Recyclability Evaluation Method (REM) developed by Hitachi, Ltd. The first step is to optimize the environmental and economic parts selection with integer programming, and the second step is line balancing to reduce the number of stations. Next, a design example is shown and discussed by preparing a 3D-CAD model for a computer and a cleaner. Finally, product and line evaluations are carried out by comparing four scenarios; namely 1) all parts disassembled, 2) maximum recycling rate, 3) minimum recycling cost and 4) balance of recycling rate and cost. It is demonstrated that the recycling cost is reduced as a result of maintaining a higher recycling rate and that the number of work stations and the smoothness index are also improved through use of environmental and economic parts selection.
  • Suriati AKMAL, Rafael BATRES
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 303-316
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The representation of knowledge of manufacturing processes plays a key role in the reuse and sharing of knowledge in areas such as product design and process planning. One common approach for knowledge representation is ontologies. Ontologies are formal models that use mathematical logic to disambiguate and define classes of things. The reasons behind this are twofold. First, ontologies have the ability to be integrated with automated reasoning applications. Second, ontologies are also useful for enabling knowledge sharing between different knowledge-based applications. However, in the absence of systematic methods for their design, most ontologies are developed in an ad-hoc manner. This paper presents a methodology for developing manufacturing process ontologies, which combines formal concept analysis with a set of criteria for characterizing classes of processes. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated with a case study on the development of an ontology for machining processes.
  • Nyunho JUNG, Masanobu MATSUMARU
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 317-324
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study proposes a model on the feature of information sharing and load allocation in supply chain network. The proposed model formulates the load allocation problem as the harmony of low energy and high entropy. The informational issue in the supply chain is to maintain the amount of information constantly or fairly for each participating company, and at the same time to reduce the complexity and load of the network. This study, based on these perspectives, attempts to formulate load allocation problem as the harmony of low energy and high entropy in supply chain network. Based on previous studies, this study firstly introduces the concept of a communication network. Secondly, based on the previous model of increasing the sum of load allocation entropy and information transfer entropy, this study extends the issue to information sharing in supply chain network. In addition, we attempt to analyze the proposed model using simple numerical examples. This study provides a theoretical approach which can capture the essential features of transaction load or cooperation structure of supply chain network from the viewpoint of information theory by formulating the harmonization problem between load allocation and information sharing in supply chain network while considering complexity.
Original Paper (Case Study)
  • Xiying HAO, Yanwen DONG
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 325-335
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents a new approach which uses both the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm and random forest method to deal with imbalanced data sets in a small-business credit assessment. Two types of classifiers are designed. The first one is called a preliminary classifier, which is constructed using a k-means clustering algorithm based on the test data in order to save useful information of the customers of the majority class as much as possible. The second classifier is constructed using the random forest method; it is used to reclassify customers that were predicted to belong to the non-majority class in the preliminary classification to improve the classification performance of the minority class. The proposed approach has been applied to the credit assessment problem in a small company and compared to methods based on only the k-nearest neighbor algorithm or only the random forest. It has shown that the proposed approach has higher ability to identify the insolvent customers of the minority class.
  • Yasutaka KAINUMA
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 336-342
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the quality management field, Kano's quality model is widely known as a means to quantify the types of quality elements of products/services. In conversion of customer requirements into quality elements, it is important to clarify the types of quality elements because a greater value in quality elements does not necessarily satisfy the customer requirements. Kano proposed a quality model where required qualities are classified into attractive qualities, one-dimensional qualities or must-be qualities. In the case of the product development process, it is beneficial to ascertain the classification category of a required quality under Kano's quality model. This paper discusses a decision making method which is able to clarify the quality model of products and to select a product with the highest customer satisfaction. The method developed in this study combines the AHP and utility function method. A case study of selection of a faucets is carried out and interesting findings are obtained through this method.
Regular English Issue
Invited Paper
  • - Creating Abundant Datasets about Choice Situations -
    Yoichi SEKI
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 343-347
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The discrete choice model (DCM) is a promising method used to predict the choices of decision-makers. The most basic DCM is a multinomial logit (MNL) model. One of the basic characteristics of this model is that it exhibits independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA). This property can be seen as a restriction imposed by the model. However, we are now entering a new era where abundant data about choice situations are available. In this era of “big data,” we propose use of a simple MNL model to overcome the problem of IIA by considering interaction effects between the attributes of decision-makers and attributes of alternatives.
  • Yasutaka KAINUMA
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 348-355
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Increasing demands for the world's remaining natural resources have made it clear that Japan must work more closely with other nations to move for the establishment of an environmentally sustainable society. Japan is facing environmental problems such as resource constraints and depletion of mineral resources and there is a tendency for many companies to implement remanufacturing systems due to these issues. As a result, reusing products or parts of products is an important business strategy. In this paper, we investigate sustainable operations from the basis that closed-loop supply chains are a key aspect of environmental sustainability. Specifically, we propose an optimal ordering policy of parts in remanufacturing in a closed-loop supply chain. The manufacturer in the supply chain decides the order quantity of new and reused parts to minimize the total costs. The total costs of the manufacturer include the ordering cost of parts, the holding cost of products and cost of opportunity loss. As a case study, we apply our proposed policy to a product of a certain corporation and confirm the efficiency of the proposal.
Original Paper (Theory and Methodology)
  • Min ZHANG, Yoshiaki ISHIHARA, Shusaku HIRAKI
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 356-365
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents a new method for determining shipping routes and schedules using pure car carriers (PCCs) considering total difference to due date and total CO2 emissions for transportation, as well as split load, changeable speed, load factor, and time window constraints, according to a predetermined planning horizon. Considering the case of a hard time window, in which, a PCC arriving at a distribution center or plant ahead of schedule will wait, we develop a model of PCC scheduling and routing with the relevant time window. We take into account the trade-off between two objective functions, and propose an algorithm to resolve the PCC scheduling and routing problem.
  • Takahiro KARAKAMA, Yasutaka KAINUMA
    2013 年 64 巻 2E 号 p. 366-375
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, we develop a model of Global Closed-Loop Supply Chain (GCLSC) that is applied to two countries. In this model we consider corporation tax of each country. The Objective function is the sum of net income after taxes of two corporations of both countries. To maximize the objective function, we optimize the circulation rate of end-of-use products in country1 and the transfer price per unit of the used product. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model, we practice computational simulation. Our simulation calculates the impact of parameters which are included in the objective function. As a result of the simulation, we could verify the efficiency of the proposed model.
feedback
Top