On a chemichal tanker, tanks are washed by means of a rotary water jet. But as the experiments about the washing by a water jet were seldom, it is investigated how adherings are washed by the water jet spreading radially on a flat plate to which glycerin is adhering.
At first, the flow of the water jet on the plate are examined by measuring of the depth of the flow on the vertical plate.
Secondly, the photographs of the washing state are taken by using a moter driving camera. And the relations between the removal rate of the adherings and Reynolds numbers are obtained by analysing the photographs.

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Ship Propulsion plant based on main diesel engine has been accomplished remarkable prosperity for the past 25 years.
Especially progress of technical shipboard automation system had a favorable great influence upon ship's MO (machinery watch free at night) and modernized ship system.
And also, engine plant and automation system should not be acccomplished independent prosperity, mutual relation are necessary more closely prosperity. This paper reports the investigated reliability of engine plants, and especially the investigated effect of main diesel engine for alarm and failure on automation system.
In addition, the system construction for requested function in future is considered from sight of plant automation system at present.
The data have been made on each item established in shipping company, and basic data have been collected from 41 MO vessels.
The specific contents of analysis will be shown below.
1. Situation of failures and alarms data
Period March 1st '82- March 31st '87
No. of Vessels MO Diesel Ship 41
Total operating hour 1168213.4 Hrs
Total propelling hour 880791.4 Hrs
Total port rest hour 287422.0 Hrs
Total alarms 15378 cases
Mean Time Between Alarm (MTBA) & M * H 76.0 Hr/case 1.9 M * H/case
MTBA of automatic equipment & M * H 2175.4 Hr/case 1.94 M * H/case
Total failures 13582 cases
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) & M * H 86.0 Hr/case 4.8 M * H/case
MTBF of automatic equipmen & M * H 361.6 Hr/case 2.55 M * H/case

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In recent years, energency generators are provided in almost all ocean going ships under SOLAS'81.
This paper gives a guide for planning of energency genevator diesel engines and their auxiliary machinery in ocean going ships based on our research by questionnaire to ship owners, ship builders and engine makers and nvestigation of actual provision of energency generators.

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