日本航海学会論文集
Online ISSN : 2187-3275
Print ISSN : 0388-7405
ISSN-L : 0388-7405
103 巻
選択された号の論文の32件中1~32を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2000 年 103 巻 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 103 巻 p. App1-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 103 巻 p. App2-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 目次
    2000 年 103 巻 p. Toc1-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 目次
    2000 年 103 巻 p. Toc2-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 清水 吾妻介
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 1-7
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, we calculated the hourly single runway saturation capacity (the maximum throughput capacity of the runway) of New Tokyo International Airport, Tokyo International Airport and Kansai International Airport with a simple analytical method and analyzed the effect of some parameters on the runway capacity, including the aircraft mix, the final approach length and the buffer used in air traffic control. It was found that among the characteristics of these airports, both the high ratio of heavy aircraft and the long final approach path do not have strong negative effects on the single runway capacity because the aircraft mix at these airports has a high homogeneity. The factors which have relatively strong effect on the capacity are the time buffer and the required distance between the threshold and the arrival aircraft on the final approach when the leading aircraft clears the runway.
  • 林 祐司, 松本 朋子, 和氣 博嗣
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 9-15
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Navigational information is divided into two categories. One is "Dynamic navigational information" and the other is "Static navigational information." The former is real-time information about ship's conditions and her environment at sea, which change every moment. The latter is stable information of hydrographic publications, which are nautical charts, sailing directions and international code of signals for examples. In order for ships' operators to get static navigational information, they try to retrieve manually the necessary information from the hydrographic publications on board. In this paper, we describe database concept of static navigational information that is presented by sailing directions. The method for electronic digitalization of Seto Inland Sea Sailing Directions is proposed in order to change their manual retrieving to automatic one on board. The first step of the method is to classify the information types of the sailing directions. The second step is to construct the hierarchy structure using the information types for the sailing directions. And, the next step is to product the database of Seto Inland Sea Sailing Directions. The database realizes safe and efficient navigation at sea in the world.
  • 石田 廣史, 林 美鶴, 脇川 祐樹, 上田 博
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 17-22
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The observation was made to examine the relationship between the sea state and radar sea echo signals and to obtain information and the characteristics of the sea state from the signals by the doppler radar in Otaru Bay, Hokkaido for 49 days in total from the 14th of December, 1991 to the 31st of January, 1992. Here, the doppler direction is defined as a direction in which the maximum doppler shift of radar sea echo signals occurs, and the doppler speed of the signals is also done as an average doppler speed on that doppler direction. It was found out that the doppler direction and speed were not related with the direction and speed of winds and currents, but related strongly and agreed so well with the propagating direction and phase speed of waves, respectively. The doppler speed is proportional to the phase speed of the significant waves estimated from the observed wave period with the 1/10 to 1/3 slope. It is concluded that the doppler shift of the radar sea echo signals is mainly caused by the wave propagation even though it might be slightly effected by winds and currents.
  • Duc-Hung NGUYEN, 大津 皓平
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 23-32
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents a new method of designing a self-tuning pole assignment (PA) type of autopilot for ships. The design method applies the recursive prediction error (RPE) algorithm as an online estimator linking to the self-tuning pole assignment algorithm to construct an adaptive autopilot. Main tasks of designing a robust pole assignment type of autopilot are to model the ship dynamic system in an suitable form and to construct the control algorithm. To calculate control gains of the pole assignment control type of autopilot is often based on the ship steering dynamic coefficients identified by an appropriate online estimation method. The new design method is developed from the design method of the conventional pole assignment type of autopilot which was proposed by D.H. Nguyen et al. by applying the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm linking to the pole assignment control algorithm. Full-scale experiments aboard the training ship at sea are briefly described. The pole assignment type of autopilot using the RPE method has good steering characteristics for course-keeping and course-changing control of ship.
  • Minh-Duc LE, Kuniji KOSE
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 33-39
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents results of hydrodynamic coefficient estimation of a VLCC model at low speed range by free-running method and application to ship control. Various kinds of manoeuvring motions such as drifting, turning were performed in the tank by use of air propeller systems of 3 sets. To achieve high accuracy of ship position measurement, a remote position sensing system was developed and utilized. A multi-terms mathematical model describing forces and moment acting on a hull was adopted to express ship motions so that the mathematical model could cover a wide range of ship manoeuvres. In the present study, many coefficients of the model, so-called the hydrodynamic coefficients were identified from these free-running tests. Basically, the ship hydrodynamic coefficients were estimated using the Least Square (LS) Method but the Extended Kalman Filter was also applied for achieving high accuracy of added mass estimation. The coefficients were successfully estimated by the present procedures. Simulations of the free-running tests were carried out and good agreement was found between observed and simulated motions. The mathematical model of manoeuvring motions in low speed was used as an application of the model for simulating the manoeuvring motions in harbour under strong wind. A simple control law was applied for keeping ship longitudinal speed zero. The result shows us that drifting performance induced by wind can be improved remarkably by the simple control law.
  • 福田 人意, 大津 皓平, 岡崎 忠胤, 田崎 哲夫, 福井 寛明
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 41-49
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, a ship's guidance system using a simple tracking control rule is introduced. The proposed system, when the appropriate waypoints and speeds on there are given, can guide exponentially an actual ship's track to the given one. According to actual experiment, the results are follows. (1) The tracking to the desired track could be done with good precision by controlling a distance damping parameter of the exponential function. (2) This tracking method can be easily applied not only to a berthing maneuvering but also to a large course altering with constant speed. (3) The automatic gain tuning method of the autopilot using a relay control gives good results for course keeping control. (4) The position estimator for gaining a precise position using the Kalman Filtering technique for DGPS system is effective.
  • 定兼 廣行, 金 〓承
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 51-58
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The wheel house front glass of a fore-bridge-ship had been broken by the shipping of water in rough sea. It was an incredible accident because the ship had the bow freeboard about 2.5 times higher than that of ICLL Regulations, and because the front glass was positioned about 20m above the sea surface. In this study, we carried out the water tank experiment using a model ship and regular waves with high steepness (H/λ=1/15〜1/10), and examined ship motions and the water level overflowing the bow bulwark top by using video-cameras and a vertical wave probe put in the bow-end. And also the raising flow velocity at the position of the front glass was tried to measure. The results are summarized as follows : (1) We obtained a formula to estimate the raising flow velocity at arbitrary height above the deck. (2) From the analysis, the head velocity of the shipped water was about 1.3〜1.5 times as fast as that led from the dam breaking theory. (3) The asymmetric phenomena significantly appeared in the ship motion. In particular, the degree of the asymmetry of bow vertical acceleration and relative wave elevation at bow were about ±20% of the average amplitude.
  • 五十嵐 耕
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 59-68
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study analyzed the occurrence of maritime traffic accidents in the six congested waters of Japan and found that its process was stationery and no strong correlation was detected among these six waters. Based on these findings, a statistical test was conducted to detect the effect of the vessel traffic services (VTS) on the occurrence of a navigating vessel and maritime traffic accident on four waters (Tokyo Wan, Bisan Seto, Kanmon Kaikyo and Osaka Wan) from 1975 to 1997. While the introduction of VTS significantly reduced the number of accidents (5% level) without any delay at the latest installation site (Osaka Wan, 1993), a delay of 14-28 months was found to give a statistically significant result (10% level) at the remaining three sites. This delay can be considered a demonstration period to get used to the function and process of VTS.
  • 井上 欣三, 朴 榮守
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 69-76
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been generally considered that the marine traffic management means just the traffic control and information service by VTS. VTS is one of the management measures designed to improve the safety and efficiency of vessel traffic. But it can be said that the marine traffic management means the managerial technical measures for improving the marine traffic safety in general terms if we look from a broader viewpoint of marine traffic engineering. And it includes the total amount control, the efficient traffic flow, the navigation speed control, the traffic control by signal, the navigation aids offer, and so forth. There has been no research to assess the effect of each marine traffic management measures. In this series of investigations, how much each management technique contribute to the alleviation effect of ship-handling difficulty in a quantitative way is assessed and the design standard is proposed when the individual management measure is applied in an actual waterway. In the first report of this research work of the present paper, when the total amount control for ships is applied to the completely random traffic condition, this management measure is assessed quantitatively from the viewpoint of the reduction of the stress burdened to mariners. And a diagram is proposed to look for limited traffic amount not as to have difficulty for mariners. According to this diagram, the practical standard can be found for the design when total amount control is undertaken as one of the tentative measure amongst marine traffic management measures.
  • 山田 多津人, 長澤 明, 西野 朝生
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 77-83
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    A large number of studies have been made on the evasive area which a navigator would like to keep free with respect to other ships as defined by Ms. Goodwin. Only few studies, however, have so far been made on the evasive area for crossing situation. In this paper authors examined the evasive area for crossing on passage routes. According to studies until now, the distribution of ship's tracks was a normal distribution and its σ could be expressed by a regression equation of width of these paths and marine traffic capacity. Furthermore, the boundary of the evasive area was an ellipse around a certain ship. As to the distribution character of the relative positions between vessels that proceed in the crossing traffic lanes, we assume the following : (a) When two vessels are independent each other, the density distribution of the relative positions between these vessels is the uniform distribution. (b) When two vessels have the relations of the give-way vessel and the stand-on vessel, the density distribution of the relative positions between these vessels is the distribution with two peaks on the boundary of the evasive area. From both of the above theoretical considerations for the distribution character and the radar observations in the KURUSHIMA Strait, it was confirmed that the density distribution of the relative positions of the give-way vessels changed from the distribution with two peaks to the uniform distribution. Furthermore, it became clear that the give-way vessels passed through the neighborhood of the stern of the stand-on vessels.
  • 田中 隆博, 井上 欣三
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 85-92
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The technique of simulation is often used to evaluate the traffic condition in the present or in the future. However, the special devices, observed data, and high cost are needed to carry out the simulation. In addition, as the simulation process is too complicated, so that such simulation method is not easy to understand for the person who is not having speciality knowledge. In this paper, the authors estimated the network of maritime traffic by utilizing the statistical data of ships' port entry and the simplified figure of water area of the port. The estimation of number of encountering ships was attempted without such special devices and observed data, and compared with the observed number. Moreover, application to the prediction of traffic environmental condition was indicated.
  • 松尾 俊彦, 鶴田 三郎, 黒川 久幸
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 93-101
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, we have not heard the term of modal-shift in the world of logistics. However, it does not mean that truck transportation effectively has been decreasing. We know that truck transportation has a lot of problems in our life. Then, we should investigate modal-shift again. The ferryboat transportation seems to be more suitable for modal-shift because Japan is surrounded by the sea. In this paper, the authors studied on the reason why the ferryboat was chosen in the middle/long-distance transportation. Especially, we focused on the positional relation between departure point of the cargo flow and departure port of the ferryboat. Firstly the authors will show a modal choice model for the ferryboat or truck transportation with the discriminant analysis. Secondly, we will investigate the factor of ferryboat utilization. Finally, we will describe the knowledge which has become clear in this study.
  • 稲石 正明, 今宿 智仁
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 103-110
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper deals with a marine traffic simulation that uses a new concept model. A new autonomous ship cluster behavior model is proposed that utilizes parallel distributed processing. The model has three basic concepts: (1) Ships are regarded as multi agents that have sensors, intelligent decision-making processes and effecters ; (2) Marine traffic is regarded as a complex system ; (3) Decision-making for ship operation is determined based on several forces that act on a given ship. The compositional force is calculated from a goal attainment force, a centripetal force, a collision avoidance force and a following force. Forty-nine cases were simulated that varied in terms of weight of the centripetal force and weight of the collision avoidance force. The process of ship cluster development, collisions in the cluster and its geometrical shape are discussed.
  • 桐谷 伸夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 111-118
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Japan, the Committee for Ship Reliability Investigation had been constructing a database system (SRIC) for the ship reliability. The present SRIC database system of third generation has just became a useful system included over 114000 field data about the failures and alarms of ship equipment pass the long time investigation. This database system has never been carried out in other countries. And it is a relational database system (RDB) constructed by the some data tables and many useful functions. It become clear that the average failure rate of the whole of ship equipment was 7.0 (Occ./1000Hr.) and the average work for repair was 5.0 (Man*Hr./Occ.) through the statistical analysis by SRIC. And, it is noticed that the failure ratio of the miscellaneous equipment included the oil purifiers is about 43 (%). It is a clear that the failures have influence upon the ship navigation directly. Only this direct influence is always attracts attention, but on the other hand the loss of the manning resource by the work for repair is not attached importance. The loss of the manning resource also a factor of influence on the ship navigation. This paper reports the latest results of statistical analysis by SRIC database system and the influence on the ship navigation by the failures.
  • 今津 隼馬, 浦 環
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 119-126
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The result of the investigation of near miss incident on the Marine Operation System has shown that there were many causes of these incidents in the process of work on the ship's bridge. The working process on the bridge can be classified into several types types such as watch level 1, 2 and 3. So we tried to find out the causes of near miss incident in the process of watch type through interview survey. Therefore, the analysis of near miss incidents in watch level 1, 2 and 3, which require better relationship for co-operator works and changing of watch level in early stage were concentrated.
  • 榧野 純, 塙 直人, 大津 皓平, 伊藤 雅則
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 127-134
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper proposes the roll and pitch stabilization control systems which use a Stewart platform to realize an artificial plane. The Stewart platform is consisted of six-axis parallel robot manipulators with powerful force/torque output, high speed and high accuracy. In this stabilizer, the inverse kinematic solutions computed from predictive auto regressive model of object ship are given as input signal to each robot manipulators. In this paper, one simulator using the actual Stewart platform is built in the laboratory and confirmed that an artificial horizontal plane to stabilize roll and pitch motions of a small training ship can be realized.
  • 斎藤 勝彦, 久保 雅義, 川野 常夫, 小林 正明
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 135-141
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The parcel receives strong shock load when it is put into a box pallet by a loading operator. The correlation between the shock load of a parcel and the working intensity of a loading operator is confirmed by the laboratory experiments. The biomechanic evaluations are also carried out. The shock accelerations of a parcel and the electromyograms of subjects are measured. The obtained results are summarized as follows. (1) When the parcel is loaded into far position in a box pallet from a palletizing operator, the working intensity of a operator is high and heavy shock acceleration occurs, because a loading operator throws the parcel to a pallet. (2) High physical strength of a operator is needed by the gentle palletizing.
  • 太田 進, 坂本 宗彦, 安部 浩二, 中村 朋宏
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 143-150
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    船舶からのコンテナ流出事故を契機として、国際海事機関は海上人命安全条約を改正し、1998年から貨物固縛マニュアルの搭載が義務付けられた。貨物固縛マニュアルを作成するためには、航海中に貨物に作用する外力を推定するとともに、所与の外力条件下において貨物及び固定装置に作用する力を評価する必要がある。本研究の目的は、自動車専用船における所与の外力条件下における自動車及び固縛装置の力の解析方法を開発することである。そのため、一つの懸架装置を三方向のバネと仮定し、固縛装置を張力のみを受け持つ非線形なバネとみなす計算モデルを開発した。さらに、比較のため、懸架装置及び固縛装置のバネ定数を計測するとともに、大型動揺台を用いた自動車の固縛実験及び航海中の自動車専用船における計測を実施した。その結果、張力の計算結果は、計測結果と30%程度異なる場合があったものの、定性的には計測結果を良く表していた。よって、計算モデルは評価法開発の際の基礎として用いることができると言える。
  • 中村 朋宏, 安部 浩二, 坂本 宗彦, 太田 進
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 151-156
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    As previously reported, we developed a two-dimensional numerical model for calculating the forces acting on containers and lashing rods under the given acceleration conditions, to establish the practical method for evaluating securing arrangements of containers on deck. However, the tension calculated based on this model did not agree with the tension measured. To improve the accuracy of the calculated tension, we developed a new numerical model taking the nonlinear behavior of lashing rods and the interaction between Door end and Closed end of the container into consideration. It is confirmed that the new model can provide better results than the former one.
  • 淺木 健司, 久保 雅義, 山本 一誠, 鹿沼 洋司
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 157-166
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors proposed "Oil-curtain" which prevents spilt oil from diffusion by enclosing a hull with thin curtains just after a tanker accident. In the design of the device, external conditions which influence the performance to contain oil should be given. In this paper, the conditions are investigated and some model experiments are carried out to examine the performance under the conditions. In addition, the fundamental guidance required in fixing the principal factors of the device, depth of the curtain and weight of the sinker, is shown. The obtained results are summarized as follows. (1) A percentage of oil spillage against carrying capacity depends on dead weight tonnage of a ship. Therefore, the capacity to contain oil should be estimated at every tonnage. (2) 4 knots is the maximum flowing velocity to contain oil by the curtain with the sinker of 1kg/m^2 against Acw, where, Acw=an area of the curtain in water. (3) In beam sea, the contained oil is thrown up onto the deck by waves of less than 3m height. (4) The shape of curtain containing oil can be replaced to the simple model which is calculated with two dimensional analysis. The calculated Ym is larger than experimental results, where Ym=transverse distance between ship's side and the curtain expanded by hydrostatic pressure of oil. (5) To contain oil effectively in flow or beam sea, the additional depth of curtain under the oil layer is from 0.2Ym to 1.5d, where d=ship draft.
  • 村井 康二, 三好 雄一
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 167-173
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to present the findings on the relations between the virtual reality created by the simulator at Radar Navigation Experiment and Research Facility in Kobe University of Mercantile Marine and the observer's response to it. In this experiment, rolling of the ship was simulated and presented to the observer. Rolling was simulated only visually not physically or mechanically while the balancing movement and heart beat of the observer were measured and processed to produce the measures for body response to the artificially created visual environment. The results show that even a visually simulated rolling can cause the observer respond as if she/he is placed in the real physical rolling environment, the displacement of the observer's center of gravity was found to be lineally proportional to the rolling angle and visual rolling scene cause the observer to get sea sick. It also noted that our new simulator proved to be a versatile research tool in a vast area of researches.
  • 古莊 雅生
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 103 巻 p. 175-180
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study considers the field factor at sea with using the first recognition distance (unit : nautical mile) based on the investigation of the case with ship's collision and the visibility level while examining a psychological factor necessary for the lookout. Field factor at sea presumed from the distance of first recognition in case of ships' collisions, and the results are as follows ; (1) In case of small boats' collision Field factor at sea is 2 by using with visibility level=4 to the distance (0.8 nautical miles) of first recognition. (2) In case of large vessels' collision Field factor at sea is 3 by using visibility level=6.5 to the distance (1.5 nautical miles) of first recognition. (3) 1/4 of the distances to the horizon corresponds to the distance of first recognition.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 103 巻 p. App3-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 103 巻 p. App4-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 103 巻 p. App5-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 103 巻 p. App6-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2000 年 103 巻 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー
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